Orpheus ndiani?
Mubvunzo mukuru watinofanira kupindura ndewekuti Orpheus ndiani chaizvo. Anozivikanwa sehunhu kubva ku Ngano dzechiGirikiOrpheus aive mwanakomana wevaviri vakuru, Apollo, mwari weZuva uye zvine musoro, mapatya mukoma wamwarikadzi Artemis, uye Calliope, mumwe wemuses.
Uyu hunhu hunomira zvakanyanya mungano nekuda kweimwe yengano dzake huru, mukuwedzera, ngano dzaOrpheus dzakatsanangura kuti aive muimbi wemwari, chiridzwa chake chaive mbira uye paakachiridza munhu wese aive patsoka dzake. Muchokwadi, ndeyekutenda kune iyi tarenda uye nekubatana nezwi guru, kuti Orfeo akakunda munhu wese waakasangana naye munzira yake.
Orpheus aitsvakwa zvikuru, achiita nzendo refu pakati pemaguta kunoridza mbira. Pane imwe yenzendo idzi akasangana naEurydice uye anodanana naye, vanoroorana uye paanofa, Orpheus anosarudza kuenda kunzvimbo yepasi kuti amutsvake, kuitira kuti vararame hupenyu pamwe chete.
Kana iwe uchida kuongorora zvimwe zvinyorwa seizvi, tinokurudzira kuti uverenge Narcissus ngano muchikwata chedu chengano nengano.
sumo yekutanga
Kuwana chirevo chaicho chinotaura nezvekwakabva Orpheus kwakaoma zvikuru kana vakambovapo, havana kumbobvira vazivikanwa neveruzhinji, zvisinei, Homer naHesiodhi vakambotaura nezvake panguva yaIbycus.
Kune rumwe rutivi, mutsara wenguva wakanunurwa, apo magwaro akati wandei anotaura nezve pesvedzero yaOrpheus mutaundi uye ngano dzayo. Kubva muzana remakore rechitanhatu a. C., paive nekutaura nezvekuti Orpheus aionekwa semumwe wevadetembi vane simba uye vaimbi vekare, uyezve, chirevo chinoitwa kukuti Orpheus aive muoni uye mugadziri, sezvo akawedzera tambo mbiri kumbira so. kuti inoburitsa manzwi ari nani.
Pakutanga mbira yakanga ine tambo 7, mushure mekugadzirwa kwaOrpheus, mbira yakasvika kuva netambo pfumbamwe, ruzha, maererano nenyanzvi, huri nani zvikuru. Orpheus akaita shanduko iyi kukudza misere iripo.
Mimhanzi yaOrpheus yaionekwa seyamwari, kwete chete yaikwanisa kudzikamisa chero mhuka yemusango yaivapo, asi yaikwanisawo kufambisa zvipingamupinyi kubva munzira yayo, kunze kwekufambisa mweya wemunhu chero upi zvake, mwari uye demigod akamunzwa achitamba nekuimba. Semuimbi, akatanga kuenda kunzvimbo dzakawanda nevaArgonauts, imwe yenzendo idzi yaive mishoni yekutsvaga dehwe rendarama.
Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinotsanangura kuti Orpheus akanga ari mumwe wemapiyona ebudiriro yevanhu. Akanga asiri muimbi ane mukurumbira chete, asi akapawo vanhu ruzivo rwemishonga, kunyora, uye zvokurima. Kana zviri zvechitendero, nokuda kwaOrpheus, sangano rechitendero chechiGiriki rakagadzirwa kwaainamatwa pamwe chete naApollo naDionysus Mukati meichi chitendero, miitiro yakasiyana-siyana nemagamuchidzanwa zvakaitwa, izvo zvakazofa kuti zvipe nzvimbo kuzvitendero zvitsva.
Ngano yeOrpheus naEurydice
Kana tikaongorora nyaya yaOrpheus, tinoona kuti ngano yake inonyanya kufarirwa inyaya yaanayo nemukadzi wake Eurydice. Nyaya yacho inotaura kuti akarumwa nenyoka paaitiza Aristaeus, anokundwa nemaronda ake uye anofa, mamwe magwaro anotaura pamusoro pekugona kuti chiitiko ichi chinotyisa chakaitika nokuti Orpheus naEurydice vakanga vachifamba nepasi rakarambidzwa.
Mushure mekufa kwaEurydice, nhevedzano yezviitiko zvinoshamisa zvinoitika zvinobvumira kuzvarwa kwengano iyi. Orpheus, achikuvadzwa zvikuru nerufu rwomudzimai wake, anoenda kumahombekombe erwizi Estrimón, uko anozvitsaurira amene kuchema kurasikirwa kwake, pashure penguva yakati anosarudza kuridza imwe yenziyo dzinosuruvarisa dzakanyorwa mungano dzechiGiriki.
Mumhanzi wake wainakidza uye nenzwi rainge rakazara nekurwadziwa, rwiyo rwacho rwairwadza moyo, zvekuti nyini namwari vakachema vari padivi pake nekuda kwemarwadzo aaitambura, vakamuraira kuti aende kuguva kunotsvaka mudiwa wake.
Nzira yekuenda kunzvimbo yepasi yakaoma zvikuru, Orpheus aifanira kutarisana nematambudziko akasiyana-siyana uye njodzi dzakapotsa dzarasikirwa nehupenyu hwake, zvisinei, nekutsunga kukuru anokwanisa kusvika kuHadhesi nePersephone kuti avakumbire kudzorera mudzimai wake. Persephone inoita chikumbiro, kuridza rwiyo runovagutsa, Orpheus anoita izvi uye rwiyo runoshamisa zvikuru, kuti Hadhesi nePersephone vanomupa mukana wekutora mudzimai wake kunyika inofa.
Kunyange zvazvo zvinhu zvose zvichiita sengano yechokwadi, chokwadi ndechokuti hadhesi inomusiya mamiriro akajeka: anogona kungotora Eurydice kana achifamba pamberi pake uye asingaedzi kumutarisa kamwe chete kusvikira vasvika kunyika yepamusoro. Orpheus anobvuma uye anofunga kutanga rwendo rwekudzoka, panguva iyo haatarise Eurydice kamwe, kwete kunyange kuona kuti aive akanaka.
Anenge asvika pamusoro, muedzo unobata mwoyo waOrpheus, uye mukupererwa nezano, anotendeuka kuti atarise mudzimai wake achine tsoka imwe mupasi, saka anonyangarika uye anonyangarika zvachose. Ngano zhinji dzinotaura nezvaOrpheus achiedza kudzoka kunyika yepasi kechipiri, asi akarambidzwa kupinda.
Ngano yaOrpheus naEurydice inotisiya nezvidzidzo zvakakosha pakutanga, izvo ngano iyi yaida kuburitsa yaive mhedzisiro iyo kusashivirira kunogona kuve nayo Gare gare, nekugadziriswa uye kuchinjika kwakaitwa kungano, inotaura nezvekutsungirira kusvika kune chinangwa uye kuti kukanganisa, kunyangwe kudiki sei, kunogona kuparadza zvese.
Kana iwe uchida kuverenga zvimwe zvinyorwa seizvi kubva kuOrfeo, tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge mavambo echisiko chose maererano nemayaya muchikwata chedu chengano.
Kufa kwaOrpheus.
Haisi chete ngano yaOrpheus yekutsvaga Eurydice inosuruvarisa, asi kufa kwake kwaivewo mhedzisiro yeiyo yakakundikana mishoni. Maererano naOvid, Orpheus akasarudza kuti aizoita rwendo rwokutsvaka mudiwa wake zvakare mupasi repasi, zvisinei, Charon akamurambidza kupfuura neRwizi Letheus, achidzivisa Orpheus kusvika kuumambo hwevakafa.
Aora mwoyo uye achirwadziwa zvikuru, Orpheus akaenda kumakomo eRhodope neHaemus kuti apedze hupenyu hwake hwose achichema, asi makore matatu chete akapfuura kutozosvikira awana rufu rwake. Mukati menguva iyeyo mumakomo, akazvitsaurira amene mukuimba nokuridza mitengeranwa, achibudisa nziyo dzinosuruvarisa asi dzakanaka, nhamo yake yakaparira kunyange miti pachayo kutamiswa.
Pamusoro pazvo, Orpheus akaramba chero kubatana kwerudo, zvisinei kuti mukadzi wacho akanga akanaka sei kana ane simba; Mukuchema kwake, haana kuziva kuti akanga azvidza vaThracian Bacchantes vaipfuura, uye vakatsiva uye vakasarudza kumuuraya.
Vakasunga nengetani mhuka dzaiteerera Orpheus naiye, vakamuuraya nokumutema nematombo, vakaramba vachidaro kusvika, vasina hanya kuti akanga achiri mupenyu here, vakabvarura chitunha chake kuita zvidimbu zvidimbu kuti zvivaparadzire pasi. Musoro waOrpheus nembira dzake dzinokosha zvakaguma muRwizi rwechiHebheru, nokuti rwakanga rwuine pokubuda napo kugungwa Musoro wacho wakayangarara kwechinguva kusvikira wasvika kuchitsuwa cheLesbos, uko nyoka yakaedza kuudya.
Apollo akaona izvi uye akasarudza kushandura musoro wemwanakomana wake kuva dombo. Dionysus, uyo akanga aziva Orpheus uye akamubatsira, akaranga vaBacchantes nekuvashandura kuva miti. Mweya waOrpheus wakaguma munzvimbo yepasi, uchimubvumira kuti auyezve nemudiwa wake uye arambe ari pamwe chete kusvikira pakuguma kwenguva.
Sezvinokarirwa, kune dzimwe shanduro dzinotsanangura zvakaitika, pakati peinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndiyo yakaunganidzwa naEratosthenes, kwaakatsanangura kuti Orpheus paakangodzoka kubva kunyika yepasi, akasarudza kurega kunamata Dionysus (nokuti pasinei nokuti akanga amubatsira, basa rake rakakundikana) uye akatanga kunamata mumwe mwari. Dionysus, agumbuka, akasarudza kumuranga, saka paakanga ari paGomo rePangaeus achimirira kuti zuva ribude, Dionysus akatuma maenads kuti amubvise.
Pano nyaya yacho ichiri imwe chete, maenads akaiparadza zvachose, nyuchi dzinosarudza kuunganidza zvidimbu zvayo zvose uye kuvapa zororo muguva. Pakupedzisira, Zeus anoisa mbira mudenga, nokudaro achigadzira boka renyeredzi.
Kana iwe uchida kuverenga zvimwe zvemukati seizvi, tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge mwari jupiter muboka rengano.
Orphism.
Sezvatambotaura, pesvedzero yaOrpheus nengano yake haina kungogumira muunyanzvi bedzi, dzidziso dzake hadzina kungobatira kupesvedzera nokudzidzisa avo vairava pamusoro pake, asi dzakashandawo kusika Orphism. Girisi yekare yaive nemitambo yakawanda yechitendero yaitenderera nyaya dzavo, Orpheus akafuridzira kusikwa kweimwe yacho, iyo Orphism.
Chaizvoizvo, zvechitendero zvazvino izvo Orpheus, hunhu hwake hwakakosha, ndiye tenzi weuroyi. Urwu rudzi rwesangano rorudzidziso rwakanga rwakabatanidzwa zvikuru mune zvaidavirwa kuva marudzidziso akavanzika, uye naizvozvo, miitiro yawo namagamuchidzanwa akanga ane chakavanzika chakati;
Kuti tipinde muhumwe udzame, dzidziso yeOrphic yaitenda kuti kududzirwa kutsva kwemunhu kunofanira kutaurwa, uko dzidziso inotekeshera yekuti mweya nemuviri zvaive zvinhu zvakasiyana izvo zvine basa rekuvaka munhu. Mukati meiyi dzidziso kwakasimbiswa kuti mweya wakanga uri chinhu chisingaparadzwi uye chine simba zvikuru kupfuura muviri, sezvo apo muviri wenyama wakafa, mweya waipukunyuka uye waifanira kutarisana nezvirango kana kuti mibayiro pashure porufu.
Muenzaniso weiyi rondedzero unogona kuwanwa muna Homer, zvisinei, hauna kufanana, sezvo ikoko, kwaidavirwa kuti munhu ane simba zvikurusa kana kuti chinhu chakanga chiri muviri wenyama, kwete womudzimu. Orphics yakataura kuti mweya ndiwo wainyanya kukosha uye kuti unofanira kuchengetedzwa kupfuura zvose kuti urambe wakachena, uye izvi zvaizovatungamirira kuruponeso.
Saizvozvowo, sangano rechitendero iri raidavira kuti muviri womunhu waingova mutoo wokufambisa, unowanzoonekwa senzvimbo yokugara yechinguvana kana kuti jeri, remweya. Kubva mukuona ikoko, mweya wakadzvinyirirwa kusvikira panguva yerufu, uko waigona kubuda mumudziyo iwoyo ndokurarama mundege yakakwirira zvikurusa, zvirango nemibairo youpenyu zvaizowanwa mukati moupenyu hwapashure porufu.
Orphism yaitendawo mukukwanisa kuzvarwa patsva kune mimwe miviri, kunyatsochenesa mweya. Mukati mekutaura kwechitendero chayo, ichi chazvino chaitsvaga madingindira engano akanyatsotsanangurwa panguva iyoyo, dzidziso idzi. (theogony uye soteriology) Ndidzo dzakanga dziri nheyo dzavo dzinokosha.
Kuremekedza.
Kune vanhu vashomanana vainamatwa pane imwe nguva, ngano inoratidza kuti kwete chete vanhu vayo vakuru (vamwari 12 veOlympus) ndivo chete vakagamuchira kukudzwa kwakadaro kubva kune vamwe, asi vamwe vanhu vaivawo chikamu chezvitendero zvakasiyana. Kunamatwa kwaOrpheus muThrace kwakabatana nekwaDionysus, mwari wewaini nezvinomera.
Orphism inoshandisa miitiro yakasiyana-siyana uye tsika dzinotenderera parufu nekumuka, sezvo madingindira aya ari akakosha kana tichitaura nezve ngano yaOrpheus. Kubatana kunoonekwa apo Dionysus anobvumira Orpheus kupinda munyika yevakafa uye anotsanangura njodzi uye anomuratidza nzira yekutevera, saka, kuna Orpheus, anova muponesi.
Kusikwa kweOrphism kunotangira pakati pezana ramakore rechitanhatu BC muGreece, uko kwakava chitendero chesekete. Vateveri veichi chitendero vakataura nezvomuvambi wavo Orpheus (uyo akanga asina chaizvoizvo kuvamba rudzidziso, asi akanga achingovawo zvake mufananidzo waakanga asarudza kunamata) uye kuti muviri wakanga uri sei torongo romunhu wechokwadi, achitongera munhu kufa uye kuberekwazve kutozosvikira mweya womunhu wachena.
Kunyange zvazvo chitendero muiri sangano rechitendero chakakurumidza kuparara, chokwadi ndechokuti chakapesvedzera vazivi vanoverengeka kuti vafunge nenzira imwe cheteyo; Pane rumwe rutivi, nemhaka yeiyi mifungo kuti kune pesvedzero yazvino uno pachitendero chokuti mweya uripo uye uchararama pashure porufu.
Iwe unogona kuverenga zvimwe zvinyorwa seizvi pane yedu blog, chokwadi, tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge chinyorwa ichi kubva vatambi vengano muchikwata chedu chengano.
Artic samples dzeOrfeo.
Kwemakore, takaona kuti kune nhamba huru kwazvo yeinongedzerwa kuhunyanzvi hwedzimwe ngano nengano, mabhuku aya, akagadzirwa neruoko rwemunhu, anotsvaka kukudza idzi nyaya. Orpheus haasi hunhu hunopukunyuka izvi, kutaura zvazviri, isu tinogona kutaura nezve mamwe ehunyanzvi masampuli aripo iye zvino anomuratidza kana kuratidza ngano yake inonyanya kuzivikanwa.
Muunyanzvi hwepurasitiki mune mamirioni ezviratidziro zveOrpheus, zvingave zvisingaite kurekodha ese. Kana iri yekupenda, inonyanya kuzivikanwa mabasa e Dürer, Émille Lévy naÉmilie Bin, uyo akaita mabasa uye akaatumidza mazita kufa kweorpheus, zvichireva zvakaitika mushure mengano naEurydice.
Mukuona kwenziyo, tinoona kuti nongedzero dzezvakaitika kuna Orpheus uye nhau yakewo zvayo huru; Basa rakanyanya kukosha rakambonyorwa rakagadzirwa na Claudio Monteverdi, rakagadzirwa muna 1607 uye rakanzi the Orpheus ngano.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kuenderera mberi nemimhanzi asi kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yemazuva ano yekuona, kune Off-Broadway mimhanzi inonzi. hadestown, apo nyaya yaOrpheus uye rwendo rwake rwokununura Eurydice inokurukurwa, iri basa rakanaka, rakagadzirwa neAmerica. Anais Mitchell, inoiswawo muKuderera Kukuru.
Mamwe mareferensi anogona kuwanikwa ari mukati mebhuku renhetembo dzechiLatin rakanzi las Georgics Kubva kumunyori VirgilioMukati mezvinyorwa izvi, Orpheus anodudzwa mubhuku rechina. Kune rumwe rutivi, mukati memutauro wechiSpanish tinogona kuwana rwiyo Gongora nezvimwe zvakawanda zvinongedzo.
Kana waifarira chinyorwa ichi, tinokukoka iwe kuti uenderere mberi uchiongorora iwo akasiyana mapoka anowanikwa pane yedu blog, aine zvinyorwa zvizere zvinoshamisa uye ruzivo rwakakwana, muchokwadi isu tinokurudzira kuti uverenge chinyorwa chedu chazvino zvisingawanzo kupindwa muropa.
