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Mufananidzo we michael ende Kazhinji inobatanidzwa zvakananga nemazita maviri akakosha mumabhuku ekufungidzira: Nyaya isingaperi y momoKunyange zvazvo yekutanga ichizvikudza netsika refu yekuongorora nekugadzirisa, yekupedzisira, mumakore apfuura, yakawana chinzvimbo chechitendero, zvese nekuda kwenyaya yekutanga uye kugadzirisa kwayo mafirimu. Firimu re1986 rakatungamirwa na Johannes Schaaf Pasina mubvunzo, ndiyo shanduro inozivikanwa zvikuru uye ndiyo inonyanya kuratidza pfungwa yebhuku iri.
Muchikamu chino tichapa a Ongororo yakazara yefirimu reMomoTichanyatsoongorora nyaya yacho, vatambi, manyorerwo ayo uye sarudzo dzezvirongwa zvayo, musiyano wenyaya yacho, uye meseji iri pasi payo ichiri kushanda zvisina kunaka nhasi. Pachavawo nenguva yekukurukura muchidimbu nezvekuchinja kwacho, zvimwe zvinhu zvinonakidza, uye kuti sei, pasinei nezvikanganiso zvayo, iyi vhezheni ya1986 yakawana nzvimbo yakakosha mundangariro dzevaoni vakawanda.
Nyaya yaMomo (1986): ngano pamusoro penguva yakabiwa
Firimu iri rinotizivisa nezve Momo, musikana nherera Anogara mumatongo enhandare yemitambo yekare, kunze kweguta risina zita. Haana kana chinhu, asi ane chipo chisingawanzoitiki: anoteerera sevamwe. Vavakidzani vake neshamwari—vana nevakuru—vanouya kuzomuona nekuti, pavanotaura naye, vanonzwa vakajeka, vakashinga, kana kuti vakakosha kupfuura zvavaifunga.
Munzvimbo iyi iri nyore uye inofara, uko hupenyu hunofamba nekukurumidza, kusagadzikana kunoonekwa Varume VachenaAva varume vakapfeka masutu, ngowani dzemabowler, uye fodya dzinogara dzichibatidzwa, vanotaura nezvekubudirira, kuchengetedza mari, uye kushanda zvakanaka. Vanomiririra sangano rinoshanda sebhangi renguva: vanonyengetedza vanhu kuti vanofanira "kuchengetedza maminitsi" ezuva ravo, vachirega mafaro madiki uye hukama hwevanhu kuti vaunganidze mari yenguva yavanofungidzirwa kuti inovabira.
Sezvo varume veGrey Men vachiwana nzvimbo, guta rinoshanduka kuita nzvimbo kunetseka uye kusagadzikanaVavakidzani, vaimbova nerunyararo uye vachifara, vanotanga kunetseka, vachinyanya kuda kuita zvakawanda munguva pfupi. Shamwari dzaMomo dzinorega kumushanyira; hapasisina nzvimbo yekutamba munhandare yemitambo, kana hurukuro refu apo musikana wacho airatidza hunyanzvi hwake hwekuteerera. Zvese zvinoita sekunge zvinotenderera pakumhanya uye kugona, kunyangwe pasina anoziva chikonzero chaicho.
Momo, asingazive pfungwa iyi, ndiye ega anoramba ari kunze kwedandemutande rakarukwa neGrey Men. Nekuda kwake, anosangana ne Mudzidzisi NguvaMomo anobatana nemunhu asinganzwisisike anochengetedza nguva yevanhu vese, naCassiopeia kamba, iyo inogona kufanoona remangwana kwenguva pfupi kuburikidza nemashoko anopenya pagoko rayo. Nerubatsiro rwavo, Momo anotanga rwendo rwekukanganisa zvirongwa zvembavha dzenguva uye kudzosera kuvanhu hupenyu hwakabiwa kubva kwavari.
Firimu iyi inosanganisa nguva dze fungidziro, rwendo uye kufungisisaKuchengetedza mamiriro ezvinhu ari pakati pengano nemufananidzo wemagariro evanhu unoratidza bhuku raEnde. Kunyangwe nyaya iyi yakagadzirirwa vana, mibvunzo yainomutsa pamusoro pekushandiswa kwenguva, kumhanya-mhanya kwehupenyu hwemazuva ano, uye kusashandiswa zvakanaka kwebasa inoenderanawo zvakanyanya nevateereri vakuru.
Vatambi: Vatambi vakanaka vachishandira Momo
Kugadzirwa kwa1986 kwakabatana ChiItalian-ChiGerman Yakatorwa muWest Germany, vatambi vayo vanonyanya kushandisa vatambi vekuGermany nevekuItaly vanozivikanwa muEurope. Chinonyanya kukosha mufirimu iri... Radost Bokel, uyo anotamba Momo nemusanganiswa chaiwo wekutapira, runyararo uye kuvapo pachikuva.
Zviri pachena kuti kupfura Bokel kwaive chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru mufirimu: mutambi uyu anoratidza nzira yakasiyana yekuteerera nekutarisa iyo inotsanangura hunhu huri mubhuku. Kunyange zvazvo Momo ari munhu akanyarara mubhuku, pano anotaura kakawanda, chisarudzo icho vamwe vaverengi vane pfungwa dzakachena vangasava nechokwadi nacho asi, mumashoko ebhaisikopo, chinoita kuti vateereri vanzwisise zviri nani.
Veteran Armin Mueller-Stahl Anomiririra Mukuru weVarume Vegrey, achiunza hunhu hunotyisa uye hunofadza. Kuratidza kwake mutungamiriri wezvisikwa izvi zvine ganda jena kunoita kuti kutyisidzira kwenguva yekubiwa kuite sekunge kuri kwechokwadi, kwakada kuoneka. Hunhu hwake hunoratidza divi rakaipisisa repfungwa yekuchengetedza nekubudirira zvakanyanya.
Vamwe vatambi vanosanganisira Leopoldo Trieste saBeppo Mutsvairi weMugwagwa—mutsvairi wemumugwagwa anoyevedza anotora hupenyu zviri nyore uye anodzidzisa Momo kuverenga—uye Bruno Stori mubasa raGirolamo “Gigi” Cicerone, shamwari yemusikana uyu uye munhu akakosha munyaya iyi. Mario Adorf anoonekwa saNicola, uye Ninetto Davoli saNino, vatambi vanomiririra mamwe emakakatanwa ezuva nezuva anokanganiswa nekusvika kweGrey Men.
Kunyanya kutaurwa kwakakodzera John hustonMumwe wemazita makuru e classic cinema, anotamba Master Hora. Basa iri raive basa rake rekupedzisira remafirimu, iro rinowedzera chiratidzo mufirimu: nyanzvi yemafirimu inopa hupenyu kumuchengeti wenguva, munyaya inoratidza chaizvo mashandisiro atinoiita uye marasika.
Kutungamira, chinyorwa uye kuronga
Kugadziriswa kwa1986 kunotungamirirwa na Johannes Schaaf, uyo anosainawo script ne Marcello Coscia y Rosemarie Fendel, yakavakirwa pabhuku raMichael Ende. Munyori pachake, akaodzwa mwoyo zvikuru nezvakaitwa na Nyaya isingaperi Mumafirimu, aive nebasa guru panguva ino, kusvika pakutarisira chirongwa ichi uye kuonekwa ari mufirimu diki.
Kazhinji, firimu iri rinochengetedza kuvimbika kunoshamisa kunyaya yekutangaNyaya huru yaMomo, kusvika kweGrey Men, basa raMaster Hora, uye basa rekupedzisira rekumisa mbavha dzenguva zvose zvinoratidzwa zvakajeka, kusanganisira zviitiko zvikuru izvo muverengi chero upi zvake anotarisira kuona pachiratidziro.
Zvisinei, kuratidzwa kwacho kune matambudziko. Kunyangwe nguva yekumhanya—inenge maminetsi zana nerimwe—ichibvumira kuzorora, firimu racho dzimwe nguva rinoita seranonoka. yakakurumidza uye yakakurumidza zvishoma mukugadzirisa kwaro. Kusvetuka pakati pezvimwe zviitiko kunongoerekana kwaitika, uye kune avo vasina kuverenga bhuku racho, dzimwe shanduko mumamiriro ezvinhu dzingaratidzika sedzisina kutsanangurwa zvakanaka kana kuti dzinovhiringidza.
Muenzaniso unoramba uchidzokororwa ndewekuti vana vanoungana kuti vakuru vaende kunhandare yemitambo, kana kuti kushanduka kwaGigi kuita muimbi ane mukurumbira; mubhuku rino zviitiko izvi zvakanyatsogadzirwa, nepo pachiratidziro zvichigadziriswa mumaminitsi mashoma chete, nekuchinja kunonzwa sekusina kugadzirwa. Saizvozvowo, kurongeka kwacho Tenzi Hora vanorara Kuti Momo akwanise kutarisana neGrey Men uye nguva yevanhu vakasununguka iite seyakapfupikiswa: hurongwa hwacho hahuna kujeka pane huri mubhuku uye zvinoita sekunge Tenzi anosiya musikana wacho achiita zvaanoda.
Pasinei neizvi, chinyorwa ichi chinoita sarudzo dzinonakidza dzekushandura nyaya iyi kuita mutauro unooneka zviri nyore, ichisiya zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshamisa kana zvakaoma, nechinangwa chekuchengetedza muoni ari mukati mehurongwa hunogoneka. Nzira iyi inoyeuchidza, kunyangwe padanho rakasiyana, zvakaitwa neimwe nzira yakaoma yekunyora yakaita se Nyika yaSofiauko zvikamu zvebhuku iri zvinobayiwawo, asi kuedza kunoitwa kuremekedza hunhu hwaro hweuzivi.
Dhizaini yekugadzira, kutora mifananidzo uye mimhanzi
Kana paine chimwe chinhu chinobatsira kuti firimu rishande zvakanyanya, ndicho charo dhizaini yekugadziraNzvimbo dzemitambo yemitambo, guta, nzvimbo yekurara yeGrey Men, nenzvimbo dzakatenderedzwa naMaestro Hora dzinogadzira chitarisiko chinoonekwa chinoenderana nemaonero aEnde. Nzira yeunyanzvi nezvipfeko zvinobata mamiriro ezvinhu asingaperi, pakati pemazuva ese neechiroto, zvichibvumira nyaya iyi kupfuura chero nguva yakatarwa.
ari Varume Vachena Dzakagadzirwa zvine hungwaru: masutu adzo, ngowani dzemubowler, utsi hwefodya hunogara huripo, uye mabhegi adzo zvese zvinoita kuti dzionekwe senjodzi inotonhora, ine hutongi, uye isina hunhu. Kunyangwe bhuku iri richitsanangura zvakadzama kukosha kwefodya dzavanosvuta, chinonyanya kuoneka pascreen runako rwadzo rwese, runovashandura kuita vanhu vanovhiringidza, vanoonekwa ipapo ipapo.
Mufananidzo we Xaver Schwarzenberger Inovimba neruvara rwakasiyana-siyana runosiyanisa nguva dzekudziya nekutamba munhandare yemitambo kubva munzvimbo dzine vanhu vane ganda reGrey Men. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoita sedzisiri dzengano, dzine mavara anopenya uye nziyo dzakanaka kwazvo, nepo dzimwe nzvimbo dzine mavara matema nebhuruu apo "kuchengetedza nguva" kwagara muguta.
Muchikamu chemimhanzi, mamaki e Angelo Branduardi Inoshanda basa rakakosha: haingoperekedzi zviitiko zvekunakidzwa nekushushikana chete, asiwo inosimbisa hukama hwaMomo neshamwari dzake. Mutinhimira, pasina kunyanyisa kukwidziridza, wakasarudzwa zvakanaka uye inobatsira mukunyudzwa yemuoni, kunyanya panguva idzo firimu rinomira kufema uye shoko rinopinda mukati.
Pamwe chete, zvipfeko, dhizaini yemaseti, kutora mifananidzo, uye mimhanzi zvinogadzira chiitiko chinoonekwa uye chinonzwika chinoshandura firimu inoyevedza uye inowanikwa nyore nyore kune vateereri vevana, pasina kunyara, uye izvo zvinopa huwandu hwakakwana hwekududzira kune mukuru anoona anoda kupfuura varaidzo chaiyo.
Vatambi uye vatambi vefirimu
Nezvevanhu vakasarudzwa, shanduro ye1986 yakaedza kusanganisira vanhu vese vanonyanya kutaurwa mubhuku iri. Tine: momo (Radost Bokel), kune rudzi Beppo Sweeper (Leopoldo Trieste), kune anorota Gigi Cicerone (Bruno Stori), mumwe Nicola (Mario Adorf), ku Nino (Ninetto Davoli), kune enigmatic Mudzidzisi Nguva (John Huston) uye ku Mutungamiriri weVarume Vachena (Armin Mueller-Stahl), pamwe chete nevamwe vamiririri venhema vakaita sevanotambwa na Sylvester Groth.
Mumwe nemumwe wavo anopa chikamu muchimiro chekutsoropodzwa kwevanhu uko Ende anokurudzira. Beppo anomiririra pfungwa yekudzikama uye kuita zvinhu zvakanaka, nhanho nenhanho, pasina kukurumidza asi pasina kumira; Gigi anomiririra kugona kurondedzera nyaya nekugadzira nyaya, kunyangwe mufirimu tarenda rake rakanangidzirwa zvakanyanya kumimhanzi kupfuura kutaura nyaya nemuromo, ruzivo rwakasiyana zvishoma nebhuku; Nicola naNino vanoratidza, kuburikidza nekusawirirana kwavo, kuti hurongwa hwakaiswa neGrey Men hunokanganisa sei hukama hwevanhu nehwemhuri.
Shamwari dzaMomo paudiki dzinoshanda kuratidza zvakananga mhedzisiro ye kuba nguva Muhudiki, mitambo inongoerekana yaitika munhandare yemitambo, iyo isingade zvinhu zvakawanda, inotsiviwa nemabasa anofungidzirwa kuti anobatsira kana kuti nekusava nenguva yekuzorora, zvichiratidza tsika yekuzadza zvirongwa zvevana nemabasa akarongwa.
Momo pachake, sezvakaratidzwa naRadost Bokel, anova munhu akadzikama munzvimbo iri kuramba ichizara. Kunyangwe firimu iri richimupa nzira dzakawanda dzekukurukurirana kupfuura nyaya yacho, anoramba aine mukana wekuteerera munhu ari pamberi pake zvechokwadi. Unyanzvi uhwu, hwakatsanangurwa naEnde sehusingawanzoitiki—vanhu vashomanana vanoziva kuteerera—hunoburitswa pachiratidziro kuburikidza nekunyarara, kutarisa, uye maitiro anodzora.
Pakupedzisira, vatambi vanopa firimu iri gallery yevanhu vanoyevedza uye zvinozivikanwa, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti muoni anzwe achibatanidzwa mupfungwa, kunyangwe kana kumhanya kwekugadzirisa kuchikurumidza kana kuti dzimwe nyaya dzichichinja zvishoma.
Kusiyana pakati penyaya iyi nefirimu
Kunyangwe kugadziriswa kweMomo, kazhinji, kwakavimbika, kune akawanda madiki misiyano Nezvenyaya iyi, misiyano mizhinji inyaya dzisingachinji meseji huru, asi dzakakosha kutaura kana munhu achida kunzwisisa zvizere maitiro ekutamisa nyaya kubva papeji kuenda pane imwe skrini.
Imwe yemisiyano inoonekwa zvikuru ndiyo yatotaurwa kare: GigiHunhu uhwu, uyo mubhuku rake hunozivikanwa nehunyanzvi hwake hwekutaura nyaya, hunoonekwa mufirimu iri akabatana zvakanyanya nemimhanzi, achiridza gitare. Chinjo diki, asi inochinja zvishoma kuti hunyanzvi hwake hunoratidzwa sei. Kusawirirana pakati Nicola naNinokuchigadzirisa kuti chienderane nekuvandudzwa kwakananga uye kusina tsananguro yakawanda.
Mumwe musiyano unoshamisa ndewekuti, mukugadzirisa firimu, Tenzi Hora anongochinja zvipfeko zvake zvishoma kuti ienderane nefashoni yemazuva ano, nepo munganonyorwa iyi shanduko dzechitarisiko dzine chirevo chakajeka. Uyu muenzaniso wekuti firimu dzimwe nguva rinosarudza mhinduro dzakadzikama dzekuona.
Maumbirwo ezvimwe zviitiko anokanganiswawo: kusvetuka pakati pezvikamu kunogona kunzwika kamwe kamwe, uye dzimwe ndima dzinonzwisiswa zvishoma nezvishoma mubhuku dzinopfupikiswa zvishoma. Kune vaoni vasingazive basa rekunyora, izvi zvinogona kushandura kuita kuti nyaya "itaurirwe nekukurumidza." Kunyangwe zvakadaro, dingindira guru harimboparadzwi zvachose; kungoti zvimwe zve kukakavara kudzika uye kubva mukufungisisa uko Ende anokudziridza zvakadzama muchinyorwa.
Kutanga kwefirimu iri kunoratidza shanduko inoshamisa. Mufirimu iri tinoona michael ende Paaiverenga bepanhau muchitima, mumwe murume—Master Hora—anosvika omuudza kuti achamuudza nyaya yaMomo. Chiitiko ichi hachina kufanana chaizvo nezviri mubhuku iri, kunyange zvazvo paine mugumo umo munyori anotaura nemuverengi uye otsanangura kuti nyaya yacho akaudzwa kwaari muchitima nemunhu waasingazive akanyangarika asati abvunza mibvunzo yese yaaida. Firimu iri rinoshandura fungidziro iyi yemabhuku kuita mavambo enyaya inosimbisa hukama huripo pakati pemunyori nechisikwa chake.
Mharidzo yaMomo: nguva, hupenyu, uye nzanga ye dystopian
Kupfuura nyaya chaiyo, Momo ipfungwa ine simba pamusoro pe nguva senzira yehupenyuEnde anosimbirira kuti wachi nemakarenda zvinoshanda pakuyera nguva, asi kuti chiyero ichi chinonyengera, nekuti awa inogona kunzwa sekusingaperi kana kupfuura nekukurumidza zvichienderana nezvatiri kuita. Nguva haisi mayuniti chete pachronometer: ihwo hupenyu, uye hupenyu, munyori anotiudza, hunogara mumoyo.
Varume veGrey vanomiririra hurongwa hunoshandura nguva kuita chiwanikwa chehupfumi kuti chichengetwe, chigadziriswe, uye chiwane purofiti, chichibvisa hunhu hwayo hwemunhu. Pasi pezano ravo rinokwezva—regai “kupedza nguva” muchikurukura, muchitamba, kana kuzorora—pane [mhosva/kukanganisa kwechokwadi]. musungo wehupenyuVanhu vanorega zvinhu zvinoita kuti hupenyu hwavo huve nechinangwa vachitsinhana nevimbiso isingambofi yakauya.
Firimu iri rinoshandura kutsoropodzwa uku kuita zviitiko apo vatambi vanova vachiwedzera kutonhora uye kure. Shamwari dzaMomo dzinorega kumushanyira nekuti "hadzina nguva"; vana vanorasikirwa nekugona kutamba nekuda kwekutamba; vakuru vanorarama vachimhanya-mhanya, vachinyanya kuda kugadzira zvimwe. Nyika iyoyo, iyo pakutanga yaiita separadhiso diki, yemazuva ese, inova chimwe chinhu chiri pedyo ne nzanga ye dystopian inodzorwa nekushushikana uye kushanda zvakanaka kusingaperi.
Kusiyana neizvi, Momo anomiririra kusimbiswa kwezvinoratidzika sezvisina basa: hurukuro isina kukurumidza, kufamba pasina chinangwa chinoshanda, masikati emitambo isina kurongeka. Maitiro ake ekuteerera anobatsira vanhu kuwanazve kukosha kwavo, kuti havasi zvikamu zvinochinjana asi vanhu vakasiyana. Mharidzo iyi, inobuda mubhuku iri nenzwi rinenge renhetembo, inopinda mufirimu kuburikidza nehurukuro nemamiriro ezvinhu ayo, kunyange dzimwe nguva akapfupikiswa, anochengetedza simba rawo rakawanda.
Mugumisiro wacho ibasa iro, richitariswa kubva pamaonero anhasi, rinoita serinotaura zvakananga nemararamiro edu emazuva ano: purogiramu dzakazara, kudiwa nguva dzose kwe "kushandisa zvakanyanya" miniti yega yega, uye kunzwa kuti nguva iri kufamba neminwe yedu. Firimu iri, sebhuku, rinotikoka kuti tiite chimwe chinhu chiri nyore uye chakaoma se... kumira uye kurarama: tichitaura neshamwari iyoyo tinogara tichikwazisana nekukurumidza, tichipedza nguva yakati rebei mukona yakanaka yeguta, tichizvibvumira kusvika nguva yasvika nekuti tanga tichinakidzwa nenguva yaibatsira.
Mufananidzo waMichael Ende uye kubatanidzwa kwemunyori
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kutaurwa nezvacho nezvekugadzirisa uku ndeche Kuvapo kwaMichael Ende zvakananga mufirimu. Pamusoro pekutarisira chirongwa ichi kudzivirira chimwe chiitiko chinorwadza seThe NeverEnding Story, munyori anoonekwa muchikamu chenyaya, pane kungogutsurira musoro zvine hushamwari, asi ane simba guru panzira yekusvika munyaya yacho.
Nhanganyaya iri muchitima, Ende achiverenga pepanhau uye Master Hora ari padivi pake, inosimbisa kubva pakutanga kuti firimu iri rinofungidzirwa senyaya inorondedzerwa, inenge nyaya inozevezwa munzeve dzedu. Sarudzo iyi inosimbisa hunhu hwakafanana nengano hwaMomo uye inosimbisa pfungwa yekuti kwakabva nyaya iyi, zvakare, kwakavanzika uye kunenge mashiripiti.
Chokwadi chekuti Ende akabatanidzwa zvakadaro chinotsanangurawo kuti sei shanduko iyi ichizoguma yaita seyechokwadi kuremekedza zvinoreva bhuku zvakadzamaKunyange zvazvo kufambira mberi kwenyaya uye dzimwe nzira dzekunyora dzingave dzichikakavadzana, hapana pfungwa yekuti nyaya yekutanga yakarasika sezvakanzwiwa nevaverengi vazhinji neThe Neverending Story. Pano, chinangwa chekuongorora chitendero chekutamba uye kuda kuchengetedza nguva chinoramba chakasimba.
Imwe shanduro: Momo, chiitiko chinokakavadzana nenguva (2001/2002)
Makore akawanda mushure mefirimu rezviitiko zviri kuitika, imwe shanduro yenyaya iyi yakagadzirwa: Momo: Chiitiko Chinorwisana Nenguva, firimu rine mifananidzo inotungamirwa na Enzo D'AlòIyi vhezheni, yerudzi rweGerman neItaly, yakatanga kuratidzwa pakutanga kwema2000 uye ine manzwi evaimbi vakaita saErica Necci, Victoria Frenz naWolfgang Wölz.
Ichimhanya kwemaminitsi angangoita makumi masere, firimu iri rine mifananidzo rinodzokorora nyaya yemusikana ari munhandare yemitambo neGrey Men, richiichinja kuita seyakajairika. chimiro chakareruka uye chine mavara akawandaYakanangana nevana zvakanyanya, inochengetedza pfungwa yekubiwa kwenguva uye basa raMomo sekudzivirira kurasikirwa ikoko, asi inogadzirisa uye inorerutsa nyaya yacho zvakanyanya kupfuura vhezheni ya1986.
Pakuona, maitiro emifananidzo anofarira mavara anopenya uye magadzirirwo akafanana nekatuni, zvichiita kuti ive nyore kuaona nevechidiki. Matauriro acho akapfava, achinyanya kukoshesa mafambiro ezviitiko uye kusetsa, pasina kusiya zvachose chikamu chekufungisisa, kunyangwe humwe hungwaru hwenyaya iyi huchidzikira zvisingadzivisike.
Kugadziriswa uku hakuna kusvika padanho rakafanana re kuzivikanwa kwakakosha kupfuura firimu raSchaaf, asi rinoita imwe nzira inonakidza yekuunza nyika yeMomo pedyo nevana vangave vasati vagadzirira kuverenga bhuku kana kutarisana nefirimu rezviitiko zvine ruzha uye kufungisisa.
Kuvapo kweshanduro mbiri dzakasiyana kunoratidza kuti nyaya yaMomo inochinjika sei uye zviri nyore kududzirwa patsvaBhuku raEnde rinobvumira kuverenga kwakasiyana-siyana, kubva panyaya yevana kusvika kune rondedzero yakavanzika sengano, uye imwe neimwe yakagadzirisa nyaya yacho yakasarudza kuenzana kwayo pakati pezvinhu zvose zvakanyanyisa.
Nyaya yaMichael Ende: mamiriro ezvinhu uye kugamuchira
Basa rekutanga, rakaburitswa muna 1973, rine zita rechiGerman "Momo oder Die seltsame Geschichte von den Zeit-Dieben und von dem Kind, das den Menschen die Geschichlene Zeit zurückbrachte"izvo zvinogona kushandurwa sekuti “Momo, kana nyaya isinganzwisisike yembavha dzenguva nemusikana akapa nguva kuvarume.” Mumitauro yakawanda, yaingonzi “Momo,” dzimwe nguva iine zvinyorwa zvidiki zvakaita sekuti “The Knights in Grey” kana kuti “The Men in Grey.”
Ende, munyori wemabhuku enganonyorwa, nyaya pfupi, mitambo, rondedzero nemabhuku enhetembo anopfuura makumi matatu, akawana bhuku rake rinonzi Momo. mimhanzi mikuru Pamwe chete neThe Neverending Story, bhuku iri rakakurumidza kuva muenzaniso wemabhuku evechidiki, asi rakagamuchirwawo nemufaro nevaverengi vakuru nekuda kwenzira yaro yekubatanidza ngano, kutsoropodzwa kwevanhu, uye ngano inochinja-chinja pakati pengano nenhetembo.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kufarirwa naMomo ndechekutsanangura kwaanoita zvinhu: Master Hora, Cassiopeia kamba, Grey Men pachavo, Beppo naGigi, pamwe chete negamba guru, vese vanosiya pfungwa inogara kwenguva refu pamuverengi. Hunhu hwavo hunoshamisa uye hunofadza hunoratidza nzira dzakasiyana dzekubatana nenguva: kubva kune avo vanoiona vakanyarara uye vachifunga kusvika kune avo vanoitevera sekunge yava kuda kunyangarika zvachose.
Chinyorwa chaEnde chinoonekwa sechinoburitsa pfungwa dzakaoma zvikuru ne kujekesa kusinganzwisisikeTsananguro dzake dzenguva diki muhupenyu hwemazuva ese—kufamba, kutaura, basa rinodzokororwa—dzakazara nepfungwa dzinenge dzemashiripiti, sekunge munyori ari kutiyeuchidza kuti zvinoshamisa zvakavanzwa chaizvo mune zvatinowanzozvidza se "tsika".
Kune vaverengi vazhinji, nyaya iyi inosiya pfungwa yekuti hupenyu hwechokwadi hahusi hupenyu hwakazara nemabasa nezvisungo, asi hupenyu hwatinobvumira kugara kwenguva refu, kuteerera, kuona, uye kugovana nguva nevamwe. Firimu ra1986, nesimba raro uye kufambiswa kwaro nekukurumidza, rinoedza kushandura pfungwa iyoyo kumutauro wemafirimu.
Pakupedzisira, zvese zviri zviviri nyaya iyi pamwe chete nemifananidzo yayo zvinotipa chimwe chinhu chakanyatsojeka: ongorora hukama hwedu nenguva Uye nezvinodiwa zvatakaisirwa nevanhu vanofarira kubereka. Momo, nekutarisa kwake kwakajeka uye nzira yake yekuteerera, anotikoka kuti tipandukire, kunyangwe zvishoma, varume veGrey vatinotakura tose pamisana yedu uye kuti tidzorere, kunyangwe kwenguva pfupi, nguva iyoyo inoita seisina basa asi iyo inogona kuramba iri yedu.
