La kukura nekukurumidza kwenyoka inorwisa Kusvika kwenyoka inonzi horseshoe whip snake (Hemorrhois hippocrepis) muIbiza kwakakonzera kutya kwesainzi nekwezvakatipoteredza muBalearic Islands yese. Yakasvika netsaona makore makumi maviri apfuura, ikozvino inogara muchitsuwa chose uye iri kusundidzira dzvinyu rePitiusa (Podarcis pitusensis) kuti ritsakatike munharaunda.
Kwete kungogumira pachitsuwa chikuru, izvi Nyoka yakaratidza kuti inogona kushambira mhiri kwegungwa uye dzinogara muzvitsuwa zviri pedyo, uko kune mapoka emadzvinyu ane mavara akasiyana. Ruzivo rwazvino kubva kuCREAF nemamwe masangano anobatanidzwa runoti nyoka iyi inogara vanhu vanopfuura 90% yenzvimbo yeIbiza, zvichikonzera mhedzisiro yakaipa pamamiriro ese ehupenyu.
Rudzi rwemhuka dzinopinda muIbiza yese munguva pfupi iri kutevera.
Nyoka yeshamhu yebhiza inyoka mhando dzinowanikwa kuIberian Peninsula neNorth Africa iyo yakanga isiri chikamu chemhuka dzepakutanga dzePitiusas Islands. Sekureva kwetsvagurudzo yakatungamirwa neCenter for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), kusvika kwayo muIbiza kwakaitika netsaona, yakavanzwa muhunde dzemiti yemiorivhi inoyevedza yakatorwa kubva kunyika huru pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi21.
Pakutanga, nyoka iyi yaingowanikwa mu nzvimbo dzakanyatsojeka dzechitsuwa ichiZvisinei, pakati pa2010 na2015 maitiro acho akachinja: danho rekukura nekukurumidza rakatanga iro masayendisiti anotsanangura se "risingamisiki." Zvinofungidzirwa zvinoratidza kuti, munenge muna 2010, yaigara pasi pe5% yeIbiza; muna 2016 yaitofukidza inenge 40%, uye muna 2025, yakanga yadarika 90% yenzvimbo.
Vaongorori vanofananidza kupinda uku ne pamberi pemoto pari kuenderera mberi sezvo chikafu chiripo chichiderera. Kana nyoka ikapinda munzvimbo itsva, zvinogona kutora makore asingasviki matatu kuti iparadze madzvinyu ese emuno. Kushaikwa kwezvikara zvechisikigo uye kuwanda kwemhuka dzinodya mhuka ndizvo zvinotsanangura zvakawanda zvekubudirira uku.
Mamiriro ekudya akanaka zvekuti muBalearic Islands dzakabatwa. sampuli dzinosvika mamita maviri pakurebahukuru hunopfuura kaviri hwakanyorwa mumapoka akawanda emhuka dziri muPeninsula. Kukura uku kunoshamisa kunosimbisa basa rayo semhuka inodya mhuka munzvimbo isina kugadzirira kuvapo kwayo.
Gonye rePitius, pfuma inoshamisa iri pamucheto pegomo
Munhu mukuru akabatwa nekurwiswa uku ndiye Dzvinyu rePitiusasRudzi urwu rwemhuka runowanikwa muIbiza, Formentera, uye muzvitsuwa zvakawanda zvakakomberedza zvitsuwa zvese zviri zviviri. Muzviuru zvemakore zvekugara uri wega, marudzi aya akagadzira mavara awo akasiyana uye maumbirwo, kusvika padanho rekuti vanhu vanosvika makumi mana kana kuti mhando dzemuno dzakatsanangurwa.
Zvinokambaira izvi zvinoratidza mavara akasiyana-siyana pasi rosenemhuka dzine ruvara rwegirini, brown, grey, bluish, kana kuti dzinenge dema, zvichienderana nechitsuwa uye rudzi rwenzvimbo. Chitsuwa chimwe nechimwe chidiki chine musanganiswa wakasiyana unobva mukuparadzaniswa kwemajini uye kugadziriswa kune nharaunda dzakasiyana, chimwe chinhu chakakonzera kufarira kukuru kwesainzi yepasi rose.
Asi kukosha kwedzvinyu rePitiusan hakusi kungori runako chete kana kuti ruzivo rwedzidzo. Kubva pakuona kwezvakatipoteredza, Basa ravo muPitius ecosystems ndiro rakakoshaZvinobatsira kupfumisa maruva, kudzora zvipembenene nekudya zvipembenene, uye zvinobatsira mukupararira kwembeu. Kunyangarika kwemarudzi aya zvinoreva kurasikirwa nenhaka yechisikigo isingatsiviwi uye chikamu chakakosha chehurongwa hwezvakatipoteredza hwezvitsuwa.
Kudzikira kwakanyanya kwakanyorwa mumakore makumi maviri apfuura kwakaita kuti chidzvinyu chePitiusa chivepo pari zvino. dzakanyorwa semhando "dziri munjodzi" neIUCNBasa reCREAF, pamwe nekubatanidzwa kweConsortium for the Recovery of Fauna of the Balearic Islands (COFIB), Environmental Agents Service, Spanish Herpetological Association neYunivhesiti yeGranada, vanobvumirana kuti kumanikidzwa kwenyoka inorova horseshoe ndicho chinhu chikuru mukuputsika uku.
Nyoka dziri kushambira pakati pezvitsuwa zvidiki: hunhu husina kumboitika
Chimwe chezvakawanikwa zvinoshamisa kubva muongororo iyi ndechekuti kugona kwenyoka yebhiza kushambira mhiri kwegungwa uye kugara muzvitsuwa zvidiki izvo, pakutanga, zvingaita sezvisina njodzi. Pakutanga kwekuferefeta, zvaifungidzirwa kuti kana nyoka dzikaoneka pazvitsuwa zvidiki izvi, zvaizokonzerwa nekufambiswa netsaona kwezvikepe kana zvinhu zvinotakurwa nevanhu.
Zvisinei, sezvo timu yakaungana Mavhidhiyo, mapikicha uye uchapupu kubva kuvabati vehove nevagari vemo Vanhu pavakaona nyoka mugungwa, mamiriro acho ezvinhu akachinja. Kuunganidzwa kwehumbowo kwakaita kuti pave nemhedziso yekuti nyoka idzi dzinokwanisa kushambira daro rakakura dzoga, chimwe chinhu chisina kunyorwa zvakanaka nezverudzi urwu uye chisingawanzoitiki pasi rose maererano nekutora nzvimbo itsva.
Chidzidzo ichi, chakaburitswa mumagazini yeEcology, chinosanganisa mishandirapamwe yemumunda ine misungo yakagadzirirwa nyokaKuenzanisa kuverengwa kwezvipenyu zvemadzvinyu munguva yakapfuura neyazvino, mavhidhiyo, mapikicha, uye zvakacherechedzwa zvakasimbiswa nechikwata chesainzi kwakabvumira vaongorori kuti vaongorore, zvishoma nezvishoma, kufambira mberi kwemarudzi ezvipenyu zvinopinda kubva pachitsuwa chikuru kusvika kuzvitsuwa zvidiki.
Vaongorori vanotsanangura kuti, munzvimbo idzi dzakamanikana, Kusvika kwenyoka shoma chete kwakakwana kukonzera kunyangarika kwehuwandu hwemadzvinyu mumwedzi mishomanana. Hudiki hwezvitsuwa izvi, pamwe chete nekushaikwa kwenzvimbo dzekupotera dzakakwana uye huwandu hwakawanda hwemadzvinyu pakutanga, zvinoita kuti pave nemigumisiro yakaipa uye inokuvadza yekudya madzvinyu.
Santa Eulà ria nedzimwe zvitsuwa: kubva pamakumi emadzvinyu kusvika pazero mumakore mashoma
Imwe yenyaya dzinonyanya kudzidzwa ndeye Chitsuwa cheSanta Eulà riauko chikwata chevaongorori chakakwanisa kunyora zvese zvakaitika pakurwiswa kwemhuka. Muna 2016, kuverengwa kwevanhu kwakaitwa munzira dzekuongorora mhuka—mitsetse yakatarwa inofambiswa kakawanda kuti iverenge mhuka—kwakanyora madzvinyu ePitiusan makumi manomwe nembiri. Izvi zvakaitika nyoka iyi isati yazvigadzira munzvimbo iyi.
Muongororo yechipiri, muna 2023, nzira dzakafanana dzakadzokororwa kuenzanisa data uye mhedzisiro yacho yaive yakakura: Madzvinyu matatu chete ndiwo akaonekwa panzvimbo imwe chete dzakaongororwa makore apfuura. Panguva imwe chete, pakati pa2023 na2025, misungo gumi nemiviri yakaiswa kuti ibate nyoka, uye nyoka makumi mashanu nemasere dzakabatwa munguva pfupi iyoyo.
Kurova kwekupedzisira kwakasimbiswa muna 2025. Muchirongwa ichocho, Hapana kana dzvinyu rimwe chete rakaonekwa. muzvinyorwa zveSanta Eulà ria, izvo zvakaita kuti masayendisiti asimbise kutsakatika kwevanhu veko. Chimwe chinhu chakafanana chakanyorwa pane zvimwe zvitsuwa zvakaita seS'Ora uye pazvitsuwa zvidiki gumi nezviviri zvakapararira kuIbiza neFormentera.
Zvakabuda zvinoratidza kuti, kana nyoka yasvika pachitsuwa, Kuparara kwehuwandu hwemadzvinyu kunogona kuitika mukati memwedzi mishomanana.Kudya mhuka zvakanyanya, pamwe chete nekusakwanisa kutizira kune dzimwe nzvimbo, kunoita kuti mapoka aya asawane mukana wekupora.
Maitiro aya haangokanganisi Ibiza chete. MuFormentera, uko gonye rePitiusan rinowanikwawo uye rine majini aro akasiyana, Nyoka dzeHorseshoe dzakatoonekwaZvichienderana nehukuru hwechitsuwa ichi, nyanzvi dzinotya kuti kukura nekukurumidza kunogona kukonzera mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana neemuvakidzani wacho wekuchamhembe mukati memakore mashoma.
Kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kuri kupararira paPitiusas Islands
Dambudziko rekutsakatika kwedzvinyu remuIbiza harisi iro roga. Nyoka yebhiza inodyawo mbeva, zviremwaremwa, shiri diki neshiri dzinonzi shrewsIzvi zvinowedzera simba rayo pakudya. Kuvapo kwayo kukuru kunokanganisa kuenzana kwezvikara nezvikara, zvichiita kuti dzimwe mhuka dzisare dzisina chikafu chakakwana.
Kuderera kwemadzvinyu kunoreva kuti Mabasa akakosha ezvakatipoteredza anomira kuitwaZvinoderedza kusviba kwemaruva emusango akawanda nezvimwe zvirimwa, zvinoderedza simba rekutonga zvipembenene zvinogona kuva zvipembenene, uye zvinoderedza kupararira kwembeu, zvichikanganisa kudzorerwa kwezvirimwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana.
Nyanzvi dzezvakatipoteredza nesainzi vanotaura nezve "migumisiro yekudengenyeka kwenyika"Nekuti kuvapo kwenyoka hakukanganisi dzvinyu chete, asiwo nharaunda yese yePitius. Nekushaikwa kwemhuka diki dzinoyamwisa nezvinokambaira, zvimwe zvikara, zvakaita sedzimwe shiri, zvinogonawo kumanikidzwa kuchinja kudya kwadzo, kutama, kana kuderedza huwandu hwadzo.
Uyezve, chokwadi chekuti nyoka ine saka vashoma vavengi vechisikigo muIbiza neFormentera Izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza huwandu hwakawanda hwemhuka. Munzvimbo isina chinhu chinodzidya uye ine chikafu chakawanda kusvika makore mashoma apfuura, mhando iyi yakawana nzvimbo yakanaka yekuwanda kwayo.
Mhinduro yemasangano nesainzi: misungo, mitemo uye kubereka vana vakavharirwa
Mukupindura mamiriro ezvinhu aya, Hurumende yeBalearic nemasangano akasiyana-siyana vakatanga chirongwa che matanho ekudzora nekudzivirira Mumakore achangopfuura, chimwe chezvinhu zvekutanga zvaive zvekuganhurira kuunzwa kwemiti yemiorivhi inoyevedza, miti yecarob, uye holm oak munguva dzakati wandei dzegore, nechinangwa chekudzivirira kuunzwa kwenyoka itsva dzakavanzwa mumabhora emidzi kana hunde.
Panguva imwe chete, kwave kune akaisa misungo chaiyo yekubata nyoka Munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dziri pedyo neIbiza uye pazvitsuwa zvidiki zviri pangozi, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakadai seSes Salines Natural Park. Munzvimbo iyi yakachengetedzwa, vakuru vakuru vakasarudza kuchengetedza misungo yakawanda gore rose, vasingaibvise munguva yechando, zvichitevera kukura kwedambudziko iri.
Mapoka ekuchengetedza zvisikwa kubva kuSpecies Protection Service pamwe nevanoona nezvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza vakaita zvitsuwa zvinotarisirwa chimwe nechimwe kuti vaone kana kupinda kwemhuka kwasvika. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvakaita seEscull d'en Terra, nyoka dzemhando yehorseshoe dzakabatwa, izvo zvakamanikidza kutariswa kwakawedzerwa uye kuiswa kwezvimwe zvishandiso zvekuteya munzvimbo dziri pedyo dzakadai sechitsuwa ched'en Caragoler.
Panguva imwe chete, zvakagadzirwa zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza madzvinyu ari munjodzi huruVachishanda pamwe chete neBarcelona Zoo, mhando dzemhuka dzinobva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakakosha dziri kutamisirwa kunzvimbo dzekuberekesa mhuka dzekare, uko kunoedzwa kuchengetedza dzinza radzo remajini uye kudzibereka dziri muusungwa kuitira kuti, mune ramangwana, dzisimbise kana kudzoreredza huwandu hwemhuka dzesango kana mamiriro ezvinhu achibvumira.
Masayendisiti anotaura kuti zvirongwa izvi zvekuchengetedza Vanokwikwidzana newachiKufambira mberi kwenyoka kunoenderera mberi uye mwaka wega wega unopfuura kunogona kureva kunyangarika kusingagadzirisiki kwemapoka matsva emadzvinyu emuno, pamwe chete nekukura kwawo majini uye kusiyana kwawo nekushanduka-shanduka.
Dambudziko rakaburitswa nenyoka yebhiza muIbiza neFormentera rinoratidza kuti Kutanga kunoratidzika kunge netsaona kunogona kushandura zvachose ecosystem mumakumi mashoma emakore chete. Kugarwa kwenzvimbo dzinopfuura 90% yechitsuwa ichi nenyoka iyi, kugona kwayo kusingafungidzirwi kushambira kuenda kuzvitsuwa uye kuparara kwehuwandu hwemhuka dzePitiusa kwakaita kuti pave nekutya kwesainzi, zvichimanikidza musanganiswa wekudzora mhando dzemhuka, shanduko dzemitemo uye mapurogiramu ekuberekesa mhuka dzakavharirwa kuti vaedze kudzivirira chimwe chezviratidzo zvechisikigo zveZvitsuwa zvePitiusas kuti chisanyangarike musango.