Ndine chokwadi chekuti makamboona mitsetse mitete, yakatsetseka pahwindo rekumashure kwemotokari kanopfuura kamwe chete. Paunenge uchityaira kana uchipaka mota, unovaona, asi zvingangoita kuti hauna kumbomira kufunga nezvezvavari kana kuti zvavari kuita ikoko. Pakutanga, zvingaita sezvinhu zviri nyore zvekunaka, sekunge zviri chikamu chekugadzirwa kwegirazi, asi muchokwadi, vanovanza sisitimu yehunyanzvi inonakidza, uye pamusoro pezvose, imwe yakakosha pakuchengetedza mugwagwa.
Mitsetse iyoyo haisi yekushongedza kana "kuseka" kwemugadziri: chikamu chehwindo rekumashure rinodziya, rinonziwo rekudzivirira kutonhora kwekumashure.Iyi seti yewaya dzinofambisa mhepo dzakaiswa mugirazi dzakagadzirirwa kupisa pamusoro pehwindo rekumashure kana dzavhurwa kubva padashboard. Izvi zvinobvisa hunyoro mugirazi, hunyoro hwakaunganidzwa, uye kunyange chando kana sinou, zvichidzosa kuona kwakajeka kumashure kwemutyairi mumaminitsi mashoma.
Ndezvipi chaizvo mitsetse mitete iri pahwindo rekumashure kwemotokari?
Mabhendi matete akatambanuka aunoona pahwindo rekumashure chaizvoizvo ma resistors emagetsi akadhindwa kana kunamirwa pagirazi.Muchokwadi, gungano rese rinonzi hwindo rekumashure rinodziyauye inoonekwa senzira yekuchengetedza mota, sezvo ichibatsira kuchengetedza kuona zvakanaka kumashure kana mamiriro ekunze asina kunaka.
Imwe neimwe yemitsetse iyi iwaya inofambisa magetsi iyo, painogamuchira magetsi emagetsi, inopisa nenzira yakarongeka.Dzakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinofambisa magetsi (semuenzaniso, inki ine zvidimbu zvesimbi kana zvidimbu zvemhangura zvakatetepa) zvinoita kuti magetsi afambe negirazi. Kuyerera kwemagetsi uku kunounza kupisa kuburikidza neJoule effect, kuchidziisa girazi kubva mukati uye kuchibatsira kubvisa mhute nekuoma kwemvura.
Kubva pakuona kwekugadzirwa kwegirazi, idzi resistors dzakabatanidzwa nemazvo Saka hadzivharidzi mutyairi kuona. Ndosaka dzakatetepa uye dzakapararira zvakaenzana. Hadzisi dzekunamira chete, asi sisitimu yakagadzirirwa kufukidza hwindo rekumashure zvakanyanya sezvinobvira pasina kukanganisa kuona kwemutyairi kana kukanganisa paanotarisa mugirazi rekumashure.
Kuvapo kwemitsetse iyi kunowanzo gara kuchingoonekwa pahwindo rekumashure uye, mune mamwe mamodheru, kugirazi rekunze rekuona kumashure.Zvidziyo zvinonyungudutsa zvinoonekwa hazviwanzo kuwanikwa pamativi emota nekuti zvine basa rakasiyana uye zvinowanzonyungudutswa nehurongwa hwekudzora mamiriro ekunze kana dzimwe nzira. Kutaura zvazviri, mitemo nerudzi rwegirazi rinoshandiswa (rakanyoroveswa, rakaiswa laminated, nezvimwewo) ndizvo zvinosarudza kuti mahwindo api anogona kuisa zvidziyo zvinonyungudutsa zvinoonekwa uye kuti ndeapi asingakwanise.
Zvinoenderana nemabhuku ehunyanzvi hwemotokari, akadai sebhuku rinonzi "Auxiliary Electrical Circuits of the Vehicle"Hwindo rekumashure rinodziya rinotsanangurwa chaizvo sehwindo rekumashure rine tambo dzinofambisa mhepo dzinoburitsa kupisa uye dzinobvisa kutonhora. Pfungwa imwecheteyo inoshandiswa mumabhuku eChirungu akadai seLexico (kushanda pamwe chete pakati peDictionary.com neOxford University Press), iyo inotsanangura hwindo rekumashure rinodziya segirazi rakagadzirwa netambo dzinofambisa mhepo dzinoburitsa kupisa kwakakwana kubvisa kutonhora.
Mitsetse iri pahwindo rekumashure remotokari inoshandisirwei?
Chinangwa chikuru chemitsetse iyi ndechekubvisa mhute uye hunyoro kubva mugirazi rekumashure.Kana defroster yatanga kushanda, kupisa kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvinodziya zvemagetsi kunobvisa kupenya kwegirazi, zvichiita kuti rive pachena mumaminitsi mashoma. Izvi zvinobatsira zvikuru mumazuva anotonhora, emvura, kana ane hunyoro, apo musiyano wekupisa pakati pemukati nekunze kwemota unokonzera kupenya kwegirazi nekukurumidza.
Pamusoro pekubvisa mhute, hwindo rekumashure rinodziya rinobatsirawo kurwisa chando kana sinou. izvo zvinogona kuumbwa kunze kwehwindo rekumashure. Munzvimbo dzine chando chakawanda, sisitimu iyi inobatsira kukurumidza kunyungudutsa chando chakareruka chinotadzisa kuona, zvichidzivirira kukwenya hwindo rekumashure nezvishandiso zvinogona kukwenya girazi.
Rimwe basa guru remitsetse iyi nderekudzivirira hunyoro kuti husarambe huchiungana pahwindo rekumashure.Kuomesa girazi repamberi pemotokari nguva dzose kunoderedza kuumbwa kwemadonhwe nematavi ayo, kunyange zvazvo asingakanganisi maonero zvachose, anoderedza kujeka. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka kana uchityaira usiku uye mwenje yemotokari iri shure kwako inopenya kubva pagirazi: nehwindo rekumashure rakachena uye rakajeka, maratidziro aya haanyanyi kunetsa.
Zvese izvi zvinoshandura zvakananga kuwedzera kuchengetedzeka kwekutyaira.Kuva nehwindo rekumashure rakajeka kunokutendera kuti utarise zviri nani mota dziri kuuya kubva kumashure, kuziva nzvimbo dzedzimwe mota, kuona vafambi netsoka kana vanotasva mabhasikoro, uye kuona madaro nemazvo pakupaka kana kudzokera shure. Hwindo rekumashure rine mhute rinogona kuva nzvimbo isingaonekwe kana mudziyo wekuchenesa usina kushandiswa.
Muchidimbu, mitsetse iri pagirazi rekumashure inobatsira zvikuru mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka.Zvinovandudza kuona kwekumashure kana girazi rakafukidzwa nemhute, zvinoderedza hunyoro, zvinobatsira mumazuva anotonhora kana ekunaya, zvinonyungudutsa zvidimbu zvidiki zvechando uye, pamwe chete, zvinobatsira mukuita kuti kutyaira kuve kwakachengeteka uye kwakasununguka kune mutyairi nevatakuri.
Sei kunyungudutsa kwemashure kwakasiyana nekumberi?
Ungangoona kuti girazi repamberi harina mitsetse yakafanana inooneka yakatwasuka.Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti, mumota zhinji, kunyungudutsa kwegirazi repamberi kunoitwa nehurongwa hwemhepo inofefetera uye inotonhodza mweya pachayo: mhepo inopisa, yakaoma yakananga kugirazi repamberi rinobvisa mhute kubva mukati, pasina chikonzero chekuisa zvinhu zvinooneka zvinopisa.
Kana iri girazi repamberi pegirazi, tsika inowanzoitwa ndeyekuchengetedza girazi richitonhorera nerubatsiro rwemhepo inotonhodza. kana kuti mhepo yakananga zvakananga kunzvimbo iyoyo yegirazi repamberi. Sisitimu yekudzora mamiriro ekunze yakagadzirirwa kutumira mhepo yakakwana kumberi, uko kuonekwa kwakakosha, uye nekudaro haidi zvinhu zvinodziya zvinoonekwa, izvo zvaizovhiringidza zvakanyanya kuona kwemutyairi.
Zvisinei, girazi rekumashure hariwanzoonekwa zvakanyanya nemhepo inopisa inobva muhurongwa hwemhepo.Mhepo inobuda mumaburi epamberi inonyanya kutarisisa hwindo remota nenzvimbo yevatakurwi, saka hwindo rekumashure hariwani kupisa kwakawanda. Saka panoda michina yakasiyana: hwindo rekumashure rinodziya rine waya dzaro dzinofambisa mhepo, izvo zvinoita kuti firita rinyungudike zvakanaka kunyangwe kana sisitimu yekudzora mamiriro ekunze isiri kushanda zvakananga pahwindo iroro.
Pane zvimwe zvinonakidza zvisingawanzoitiki panyaya yegirazi repamberiMamwe mamodheru, kunyanya mota dzepakati nedzepamusoro kana idzo dzinotengeswa mumotokari munzvimbo dzinotonhora, dzine zvinhu zvakatetepa zvinodziya zvakabatanidzwa mukati megirazi repamberi. Zvinhu izvi hazvionekwe nemaziso kana kuti hazvinyatsooneki nekuti zvakaiswa mulaminate, kuitira kuti zvisakanganisa kuona. Chinangwa chakafanana: kukurumidza kunyungudutsa nekubatsira kunyungudutsa girazi repamberi pamazuva anotonhora zvikuru.
Musiyano uripo nehwindo rekumashure ndewekuti, mumagirazi aya anopisa, tambo dzacho dzakabatanidzwa mukati megirazi nesangweji repurasitiki.Pane kuti idhindwe kana kunamirwa pamusoro sezvazviri kumashure, mhinduro iyi inodhura uye yakaoma, ndosaka isingawanzoitiki sehwindo rekumashure rinodziya, iro rave chinhu chinowanzo shandiswa muindasitiri yemotokari.
Mashandiro anoita defroster yekumashure
Nheyo yekushandisa rear defroster iri nyore, asi inoshanda zvikuru.Kana ukadzvanya bhatani rinoenderana riri padashboard (kazhinji kacho chiratidzo chine rectangle nemiseve inotenderera yakanongedzera kumusoro), dunhu remagetsi rinotanga kushanda rinotumira magetsi kuma resistors epamahwindo ekumashure.
Ma resistors aya madiki "rediators" anomhanya nekristaro kubva kurutivi kuenda kurutivi.Sezvo magetsi achiyerera, chinhu chinofambisa mhepo chemutsetse wega wega chinopa simba rekudzivirira, zvichigadzira kupisa zvakaenzana pamwe chete nemutsara wacho. Kana kupisa uku kuchiendeswa kugirazi, kunokurumidza kubuda kwemvura yakatetepa pamusoro payo.
Kana tichitarisa magetsi, hwindo rekumashure rinodziya rinoshandisa sisitimu ye12V yemotokari.Izvi zvinowanzoitwa kuburikidza nerelay inodzorwa kubva pa dashboard switch. Dunhu iri rinowanzo dzivirirwa nemafuse akagadzirirwa, sezvo simba re defroster yekumashure rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya kana tichienzanisa nezvimwe zvinhu zvemota. Nekuda kweizvi, mota dzese dzemazuva ano dzine timer inodzima system mushure menguva yakatarwa.
Sisitimu iyoyo yakatarwa nenguva inoshanda zvikuru, nekuti vatyairi vazhinji vanokanganwa kudzima defroster nemaoko. kana hwindo rekumashure ratochena. Kana sisitimu yacho ikaramba yakabatidzwa nguva dzose, kushandiswa kwesimba kwaizokwira zvisina kufanira uye, mune dzimwe nguva, kunogona kutungamira ku kuwedzera kumanikidzwa pa alternator Kana, injini yadzima, inogona kupedza simba rebhatiri. Saka, timer inodzivirira magetsi nemushandisi asina hanya.
Nezve ergonomics, zvinhu zvinodzora hwindo rekumashure rinodziya uye chinobvisa chando chegirazi rekunze zvinofanira kunge zviri pedyo nemutyairi.Sezvinoratidzwa mumabhuku ekugadzira masisitimu emotokari, kana paine mvura yakawanda kana kutonhora kamwe kamwe, mutyairi anogona kuvhura sisitimu nekukurumidza asingabvise maziso ake mumugwagwa. Zvakare, ichi chinhu chekuchengetedza chakagadzirirwa kuderedza njodzi.
Mhando dzegirazi uye kuvapo kwemitsetse yekudziyisa
Haasi mahwindo ese emota anoita zvinhu zvakafanana kana kugamuchira mhinduro dzehunyanzvi dzakafananaMuindasitiri yemotokari, mhando mbiri huru dzegirazi dzinoshandiswa: rakaiswa laminated nerakaiswa temperature. Semuenzaniso, girazi repamberi rinowanzoiswa laminated, nepo mahwindo epadivi nemahwindo mazhinji ekumashure akaiswa laminated (kunze kwemamwe mamodheru emazuva ano anoshandisawo girazi rakaiswa laminated kumashure).
Sekureva kwenyanzvi dzakadai saCristales Carmona, girazi rakapfava rinotsanangurwa nemitemo yekuisa munzvimbo dziri parutivi nedzekumashure, asi kwete kushandiswa segirazi repamberi.Rudzi urwu rwegirazi runogadziriswa nekupisa kuti riwedzere simba raro, uye kana rikatyoka, rinopwanyika kuita zvidimbu zvidiki, zvisinganyanyi kupinza. Pahwindo rekumashure iri ndipo pari nyore kuisa kana kudhinda zvinhu zvinodziya zvehwindo rekumashure nenzira inooneka.
Panyaya yemawindscreens ane laminated, kubatanidzwa kwema resistors kwakaoma uye kunofanira kuitwa mukati memagirazi.kuitira kuti zvisaonekwe kana kukonzera kukanganiswa kunonetsa. Ndosaka dzimwe mota dzichingoshandisa magirazi emota anopisa, uye kana zvichiita, tambo dzacho dzakatetepa zvikuru uye hadzionekwe nemaziso. Chinangwa ndechekupisa girazi pasina kukanganisa kutyaira.
Kazhinji hapana mitsetse yekupisa inoonekwa mumahwindo eparutivi.Sezvo kunyungudutsa nekunyungudutsa zvinhu zvichitsamira zvakanyanya pahurongwa hwekudzora mamiriro ekunze kwemotokari uye kutenderera kwemhepo mukati memukamuri wevatakurwi, mamwe mamodheru ane mahwindo emativi ane laminated ane kurapwa kwakakosha kuvandudza kupisa uye acoustic insulation, kunyangwe aya asina zvinhu zvinodziya zvakabatanidzwa.
Magirazi ekunze anoumba imwe pfungwa inokosha apo hwindo rekumashure rinodziya rinoshandiswawo.Mota zhinji dzine magirazi anodziya ane ma resistors madiki kumusana, zvekuti girazi rinopisa zvishoma kana defroster yavhurwa, zvichiita kuti isasvibe kana kuvharwa nemadonhwe emvura anodzivisa kuona zvakanaka padivi.
Ndirini pakakodzera kushandisa mitsetse yekudziisa mahwindo ekumashure?
Nguva inonyanya kuoneka yekushanda kwe defroster yekumashure ndepaya paunoona kuti hwindo rekumashure rava nemhute. Uye zvinotanga kuoma kuona zvakajeka negirazi rekumashure. Izvi zvinowanzoitika kana uchitanga mota kana kuchitonhora zvikuru kana kuchinaya, kunyanya kana mukati muchidziya nekuda kwekuvapo kwevanhu vari mukati uye hunyoro hwakanyanya.
Zvinokurudzirwawo kubatidza defroster kana hwindo rekumashure rakafukidzwa nechando chakatetepa.Pane kukwesha girazi zvakananga (uchiisa panjodzi yekukwesha uchishandisa maturusi asina kukodzera), unogona kurega hwindo rekumashure richinyungudutsa kwemaminetsi mashoma injini ichidziya. Aizi inonyunguduka zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichiita kuti pamusoro payo pave pakachena pasina kushanda nesimba.
Kunyangwe pamazuva ekunaya asina kutonhora zvakanyanya, jira rehunyoro rinogona kuumbwa, zvichiita kuti girazi rekumashure risaonekwe zvakanaka.Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai, kuvhura sisitimu kwemaminitsi mashoma kunovandudza kuona kwekumashure, kunyangwe kana mhute isina kukora zvakanyanya. Zvinonyanya kubatsira kana uchityaira husiku uye mwenje yemotokari dzimwe ichipenya nepahwindo rekumashure: kana girazi rakaoma zvachose, kupenya ikoko hakunyanyi kupenya.
Kune rumwe rutivi, hazvina musoro kuti hwindo rekumashure rirambe rakabatidzwa kana girazi ratove rakachena zvakakwana.Sezvatataura, iyi sisitimu inoda simba rakawanda, yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa dzimwe nguva. Zvakanaka, unofanira kuivhura, womirira kuti girazi repamberi ribude, wozoidzima kana yangoonekwa zvakare (kana kuti chivhariso chenguva chiite kuti mota yako ishande kana iine sisitimu iyi otomatiki).
Kana uchiwanzo tyaira munzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze anodziya kana akaoma, haungambo shandise mudziyo wekudzikamisa chando wekumashure.Zvisinei, zvakanaka kuti nguva nenguva utarise kuti iri kushanda nemazvo here. Nzira iri nyore yekuita izvi ndeyekuibatidza pazuva rine hunyoro uye kuona kana hunyoro hwacho huchinyangarika zvakaenzana kana kuti paine mabhandi akasara asina kusimba, izvo zvinogona kuratidza kuti pane chinhu chinodziya chakakuvara.
Chenjerera nezvinonama, kuisa ruvara, uye kugadzirisa pahwindo rekumashure.
Chimwe chinhu chinowanzo furatirwa ndechekuti mitsetse mitete iyoyo, chaizvoizvo, idenderedzwa remagetsi risina kusimba.Kunyangwe pakutanga zvingaita sekunge makwara ari nyore pagirazi, kubata zvisina kunaka kunogona kuakuvadza uye kusiya nzvimbo dzehwindo rekumashure dzisina kupisa, zvichikonzera "zvigamba" zvisinganyungudike zvakanaka.
Nechikonzero ichi, zvinokurudzirwa kungwarira zvikuru kana uchinamira zvinamira, mavinyl kana mafirimu ezuva pahwindo rekumashure.Kana namatidziro ikaiswa zvakananga pazvinhu zvinodziya yobva yabviswa kamwe kamwe, kana kuti kana spatula kana chishandiso chakasimba chikashandiswa kudzvanya pasi, inogona kubvarura kana kukanganisa mamwe mafilamenti anofambisa mhepo. Mugumisiro wacho: zvikamu zvemutsetse zvinomira kutenderedza magetsi uye, nokudaro, zvinomira kupisa girazi.
Usati waisa zvinamira zvekushongedza kana kushambadza kumashure, zvinokurudzirwa kuti utarise kuti hazvipindire mitsetse. Uye, kana usina chokwadi, usazvinamira zvakananga pamusoro pazvo. Izvi zvinoshandawo kumafirimu ekupenda mahwindo: mugadziri anofanira kunge aine ruzivo uye achishandisa matekiniki akakodzera kudzivirira kukuvadza denderedzwa rekumashure re defroster window, sezvo kubata zvisina kunaka kunogona kukonzera kuti zvinhu zvinodziya zvisashande zvakanaka.
Kana chero mitsetse ikatyoka, defroster icharamba ichishanda zvishoma.Zvisinei, mitsetse ichaonekwa pagirazi risingaputike, zvichiita kuti pave nechinhu chinonetsa kana ukatarisa mugirazi rekumashure. Kune makit chaiwo ekugadzirisa ane pendi dzinofambisa mhepo dzinokutendera kuti ugadzirise mitswe midiki, kunyangwe kana kukuvara kwacho kwakanyanya, zvingangoda kutsiva hwindo rese rekumashure.
Zvakakoshawo kungwarira pakuchenesa girazi rekumashure riri mukati.Zvakanaka kushandisa machira akapfava uye zvinhu zvekuchenesa zvakakodzera, uchidzivisa masiponji anokwenya kana mascrapers anogona kukuvadza pamusoro penzvimbo ine shinda. Kunyangwe zvinhu zvinodziya zvakanamirwa zvakanaka, kukweshana kwakanyanya kana kudzokorora kunogona kuita kuti zvisashande zvakanaka nekufamba kwenguva.
Mahwindo ekumashure anodziya uye masisitimu ekuzviitira otomatiki
Sezvatatotaura, mota zhinji dziripo dzine imwe mhando ye timer yehwindo rekumashure rinodziya.Iyi timer inodzima otomatiki system mushure memaminitsi mashoma ekushanda nguva dzose, zvichideredza njodzi yekuti mutyairi aisiye yakabatidzwa netsaona kwerwendo rwese.
Mune dzimwe mota, mashandiro ehwindo rekumashure rinodziya anobatanidzwawo nemamiriro einjini uye sisitimu yemagetsi.Semuenzaniso, zvakajairika kuti mudziyo wekudzima mahwindo ekumashure usashande kana bhatiri rakaderera zvakanyanya kana injini isiri kushanda, kudzivirira kushandiswa kwesimba rakawandisa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, unit yekudzora yemotokari inoganhurira kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinoshandisa simba rakawanda panguva imwe chete (senge hwindo rekumashure rinodziya, zvigaro zvinodziya, nezvimwewo) kudzivirira kuremedza system.
Mamwe mamodheru anobatanidza hwindo rekumashure rinodziya muzvirongwa zvekudzora mamiriro ekunze otomatiki.Mumamiriro ezvinhu akati wandei (tembiricha yakaderera kwazvo, hunyoro hwakawanda, masensa efogging, nezvimwewo), sisitimu pachayo inogona kukurudzira mutyairi kuti ashandise defroster kana kutoibatidza yega kwechinguva chipfupi, nguva dzose achiremekedza kuchengetedzeka uye pasina kubvisa simba rekupedzisira kubva kumushandisi.
Zvishandiso zve defroster zvinowanzova nechiedza chinoratidza kana chiri kushanda.Chiratidzo chidiki ichi chinobatsira mutyairi kuyeuka kuti sisitimu iri kushanda uye, kana mota isina timer, inomubvumira kuidzima nemaoko kana isingachadiwi. Chinhu chiri nyore, asi chinobatsira zvikuru kudzivirira kukanganiswa.
Mune ramangwana, zvinotarisirwa kuti masisitimu aya achabatanidzwa zvakanyanya nemasisitimu ekubatsira kutyaira uye manejimendi esimba remotokari.Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha mumotokari dzemagetsi nedzemhando yehybrid, uko kushandiswa kwesimba kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe kunotariswa zvakanyanya. Muzviitiko izvi, kushandiswa kwehwindo rekumashure rinodziya kunogadziriswa kuti rirambe richionekwa pasina kukanganisa nzvimbo yacho zvakanyanya.
Tichifunga nezvese zviri pamusoro apa, mitsetse iyoyo isingaonekwe iri pagirazi rekumashure inorega kuva chinhu chakareruka chekushongedza uye inova chinhu chakakosha chekuchengetedza nenyaradzo.Zvinokutendera kuti uone zviri kuitika kuseri kwemotokari mumazuva anotonhora, ane mvura kana kuti ane chando, zvinorerutsa kufamba-famba uye zvinoderedza njodzi yetsaona dzinokonzerwa nekusaona zvakanaka, chero bedzi zvikashandiswa nemazvo uye zvakadzivirirwa kubva mukukuvadzwa kwakadai sekunamira zvisina kunaka kana kusachenesa zvakakwana.
