Makore ese, 30 of noviembreArgentina inombomira maitiro ayo kwechinguva kubhadhara mutero kune tsika inotenderera zvizvarwa: the National Mate DayHaisi chete zuva pakarenda, asi chikonzero chekuratidza kukosha kwetsika, nhoroondo, uye hupfumi hweiyo infusion muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwemamiriyoni evanhu.
Mate ave a chiratidzo cheSouthern ConeAsi pesvedzero yaro inoyambuka makungwa nemiganhu: kwemakore yanga ichiwedzera Europe uye North Americauko kunoonekwa muchimiro che infusions, simba zvinwiwa, uye zvinowedzera. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, denderedzwa rechinyakare rine gour uye girobhu rinoramba riri tsika inonyatso kuvharidzira hunhu hwayo.
Sei National Mate Day ichipembererwa musi wa30 Mbudzi?
Chirangaridzo che National Mate Day Iine zvose zviri zviviri mutemo uye mavambo ekufananidzira. Kune rumwe rutivi, the Congress yeNyika yeArgentina Akazivisa shamwari muna 2013 se "National infusion"kubvuma zviri pamutemo kukosha kwayo mutsika dzenyika. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, kuburikidza ne 27.117 Mutemo, yakagadziriswa 30 of noviembre sezuva rekupemberera gore negore.
Zuva iro harina kusarudzwa zvaro: rinopindirana ne kuzvarwa kwaAndrés "Andresito" Guacurarí (1778), mutungamiri weGuarani uye Gavhuna weMisiones pakati pe1815 ne1819Chimiro chake chakabatana zvakananga kuwedzera kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kweyerba mate mudunhu, kusvika payakasvika rambidza kupinda kweParaguay yerba mate kuchengetedza vagadziri vemunharaunda.
Mhemberero iyi yakavambwa zviri pamutemo pakati pa2014 na2015 uye, kubva ipapo, yakashanda senzira yekufambisa mashoko, zviitiko zvetsika, uye zvirongwa zvekusimudzira munyika yose. Pasi peizvi chinangwa chakajeka: kuita kuti yerba mate supply chain ionekwe, basa rekumaruwa rinobatanidzwa uye kukosha kwevanhu uye hupfumi kunokonzerwa nebasa iri.
Panguva iyoyo, masangano akasiyana-siyana-akadai se National Institute of Yerba Mate (INYM)- ivo vanotora mukana wekuparadzira huwandu hwekushandisa, data rekugadzira uye kurudziro yekugadzirira, kusimbisa iyo pfungwa yekuti mumwe, panguva imwe chete, tsika nhaka uye zvibereko injini.
Tsika yezuva nezuva isingabvi kunze kwemaitiro
MuArgentina, mumwe wake anoonekwa mukati masikweya, mahofisi, makirasi, mafambiro nedzimbaIcho chikamu chekudya kwemangwanani, kunyura mukudya kwemasikati, uye kunoperekedza mazuva mazhinji ekudzidza kana kushanda. Kune vakawanda, i "ruzha rwekumashure" kwehupenyu hwezuva nezuva: kudyiwa pasina kufunga, uchikurukura, uchiona zvakatevedzana, kana kungonakidzwa nekunyarara.
Chinzvimbo chakaropafadzwa ichocho hachisi tsaona. Mate anoshanda se tsika yemusanganoChiedza chemwenje, chinopfuudzwa kubva muruoko kuenda kune ruoko, chinoronga nhaurirano, chinomaka kumbomira, uye chinogadzira nharaunda diki, yechinguvana. Saka kubatana kwayo ne kushamwaridzana, kugamuchira vaeni, uye ushamwarihunhu hunozivikanwa nevazhinji veArgentina sehwavo.
Uyezve, tsika dziri kure nokumira. Vanogara pamwe chete. classic gourd mate gourds neshanduro dze girazi, simbi isina tsvina kana silicone, vanowedzera organic herbs, flavoured blends uye boutique zvigadzirwaUye smart thermoses uye nharembozha dzinokudzidzisa nzira yekubika tii dzirikuonekwa. Pasinei nekuvandudzwa kwakawanda, musimboti wetsika - kugovera kuisirwa nyore mudenderedzwa - inoramba yakasimba.
Mumakore achangopfuura, data yepamutemo inoratidza kuti tsika haingobata chete asi iri kukura. INYM yakanyora a kuwedzera mukushandiswa kwemumba kweyerba mate yeanenge 12% mune dzimwe nguva dzichangopfuura, nekurongedza kwe hafu yekirogiramu vachibatanidza chinzvimbo chavo sevadikanisi vevatengi, pamberi pemapakeji ekirogiramu.
Kune zvakare shanduko yetsika munzira iyo inodyiwa: kunyangwe iyo yakagovaniswa denderedzwa inoramba iri yemhando yemufananidzo, kushandiswa kwe vamwe vakaroorana, tsika yakazovapo pashure pedenda uye inochengetwa nevakawanda kuitira kurerutsa kana kuti utsanana.
Guarani mavambo uye kuwedzera kweAmerican infusion
Mukadzi wacho ane mabviro akakura kupfuura Argentina pachayo. The Vanhu veGuarani Ndivo vakatanga kushandisa mashizha e Paraguarian holly, muti wekuzvarwa we Paraná junglekugadzirira chinwiwa chine zvinokurudzira uye chakasimba chemweya uye chevanhu.
Munzanga idzodzo, muriwo—unozivikanwa se caá- yakapedzwa mukati miitiro yakabatanidzwa uye yaitsengwawo kana kushandiswa se kuchinjanisa chinhu nevamwe vanhu veko. Iyo infusion yaipihwa mumidziyo yakafanana neyemazuva ano gou uye yakanwiwa bamboo tsvimbo, chirevo chakananga chegirobhu yemazuva ano.
Nekusvika kweiyo Spanish colonizers uye, gare gare, ye Jesuit missionstsika yacho yakapararira munzvimbo yose Viceroyalty yeRío de la PlataKunyange zvazvo pakutanga vamwe vakuru vechitendero vakaona tsika iyi se“zvakaipa” zvinofanira kuganhurirwa, vakakurumidza kuchinja chimiro chavo pavakaona kugona kwayo mune zvoupfumi uye kubatsira kwahwo kumabasa. bvisa kunwa doro pakati pevagari vemo.
Pakazosvika zana remakore rechi17, nzira dzokurima uye dzokugadzira dzakanga dzakwana, uye muriwo wacho wakatanga kutumirwa kune mamwe mapurovhinzi. Europekwayaitengeswa se "Jesuit Tea" kukwikwidza neBritish tii. Nokufamba kwenguva, vaizova ivo gauchos uyo aizobatanidza mukwanyina seshamwari isingaparadzanisiki youpenyu hwokumaruwa, kusvikira ahushandura kuva chiratidzo chenyika.
Nhasi, tsika yokunwa mukwanyina iri kupararira kwose kwose Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, kumaodzanyemba kweBrazil uye chikamu cheChilenyika imwe neimwe kusiyana kwavo yetembiricha, mudziyo, uye kuti inogovaniswa sei. Zvichakadaro, nharaunda dzinotama dzakaunza infusion kumaguta eEurope, uko kwave kutanga kutora nzvimbo diki padivi pehunyanzvi hwekofi uye tii.
Chikamu chakakosha chehupfumi cheArgentina nekusvika kwepasirese
Kupfuura zvokufananidzira, yerba mate anotsigira a yakaoma kugadzira cheni izvo zvinosanganisira zviuru zvevagadziri, vakohwi (vanozivikanwa setareferos), mishandirapamwe, nzvimbo dzekuomesa, uye maindasitiri. Kurimwa kwacho kwakanyanyonangana chete mu Misiones province and the kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweCorrientes, nzvimbo dzakasiyana apo mamiriro ekunze uye ivhu dzvuku rine iron yakawanda inodiwa nechirimwa.
Argentina ndiyo ikozvino mugadziri mukuru pasi rose werba mateKumwe kufungidzira kunoratidza kuti chirimwa chinogara chiripo 165.000 mahekita uye kuti, mumakore achangopfuura, kukohwewa kwemashizha egirinhi kwakatenderedza 800 mamiriyoni kilosKubva pakudyara kusvika panguva iyo pasuru inosvika pamasherufu, maitiro anogona kutora makore mashanu: anenge mana kuti shrub isvike pakukura kwakakodzera uye, mushure megore rimwe chete rekuchengetedza muhunyoro hunodzorwa uye tembiricha matura.
El Argentina musika wepamba Iyo inotora yakawanda yekugadzirwa, nekushandisa iyo, maererano neakasiyana masosi, inopfuura kure mazana emamiriyoni emakirogiramu pagoreIzvi zvinoisa shamwari pamusoro... kofi, tii uye zvinwiwa maererano nehuwandu hwekunwa, kuchibatanidza sechinwiwa chakapararira munyika.
Mukufanana, chikamu chave chichiwana nhanho mu international tradeNyika dzeEurope neNorth America dzinoziva yerba mate mune zvese zvechinyakare uye ... hupfu hwepakarepo, chikafu chekuwedzera uye zvinwiwa zvine simbaKune vatengi vazhinji mumatunhu aya, dhirowa huru kusanganiswa kwayo inosimudzira mhedzisiro uye yakakwira antioxidant yemukati.
Kukura kwekunze uku ndiko kwakonzera kubuda kwe Specialized brands, organic mitsara, uye yakakwirira kukosha-yakawedzerwa zvigadzirwavanotsvaga kuzvisiyanisa kuburikidza nemusanganiswa nemishonga, zvitupa zvemavambo, kana kutungamira kuravira zviitiko. Nzvimbo dziri kutobuda dzakadai se mate museums uye zviitiko zvekushanyirwa kwewaini zvakagadziridzwa kune nyika yerba mate, nekuravira, pairings uye maworkshop ekugadzirira.
Nzira yekunwa sei shamwari: mutsauko uye nzira dzekuishandisa
Kana iwe ukabvunza chero kupi muArgentina maitiro ekugadzirira "chaiye" mukwanyina, iwe ungangowana zvinotevera: akawanda mabikirwo sezvo kune vanhuZvakadaro, kune mamwe mafomu echinyakare anodzokororwa munyika yose uye akapa mutsauko wematunhu.
Inonyanya kupararira ndeye zvechivanhu inopisa mateMudziyo unozadzwa kusvika pamatatu akazara nerba mate, anozununguswa kuitira kuti guruva rakanakisa rikwire kumusoro uye rinogona kuraswa kana kuunganidzwa parutivi, uye mukwanyina wacho anorereka kuita "gomo diki" rinowanzoitwa. Ipapo nzvimbo yezasi yakanyoroveswa nekadiki ... mvura inodziya uye girobhu remwenje rinoiswa. Kubva ipapo, inogadziriswa mvura iri pakati pe70 ne80 °CRega kuisiya ichivira kuti isapisa yerba mate. Munhu mumwe nomumwe anosarudza kana achida. anovava kana neshuga.
Imwe mhando yakakurumbira ndeye yerba mate nemishonga inonhuhwirira, inowanikwa mumatunhu akadai Córdoba, Santiago del Estero, La Rioja kana JujuyMashizha akaomeswa anowedzerwa kumishonga. burrito, mint, lemon verbena, boldo, lemon balm, marcela, sage, peppermint kana mamwe marudzi emunzvimbo, achitsvaga nuances yekunaka kana zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinobatsira kugaya.
Munzvimbo dzinodziya dzemamiriro ekunze, zvinotevera zvinomira pachena: tereré, kupinza kunotonhora nemidzi yakasimba mukati Paraguay uye Argentina pamhenderekedzoYakagadzirirwa zvakafanana kumurume, asi inoshandiswa mvura inotonhora kana majusi chaiwo yakagadzirwa nemichero yakaita seremoni, grapefruit, kana maranjisi. Mhedzisiro yacho inwiwa inozorodza, iyo inotorwa nevakawanda muzhizha seimwe nzira yakareruka kune inopisa mate.
Mumaruwa uye munzvimbo dzinotonhora zvakajairika sangana nemukakaMuchiitiko ichi, matanho emudzimai wetsika anoteverwa, asi mvura inotsiviwa mukaka unopisakazhinji kutapira neshuga kana uchi. Inokurudzirwa kushandisa simbi girobhu kudzivirira kuvhara, sezvo mukaka unowanzosiya mamwe masara.
Zvishoma zvinonyatsozivikanwa, kunyangwe zvichinyanya kutaurwa, ndeye sangana nekokonatiInosanganisira kusanganisa mushonga ne coconut yakachekwa kana yakachekwazvishoma kana zvizere, uye shandisa mvura inopisa patembiricha yakafanana. Inopa kunhuhwirira kwakatsetseka uye kunhuhwirira, nekubata kwekutapira kunokwezva kune avo vanotsvaga mashoma anovava profiles.
Mate sechiratidzo chetsika nemagariro
Mukuona kwekufananidzira, mukwanyina ane nzvimbo iyo zvinwiwa zvishomanene zvinokwanisa kuwana. Haisi kungoiswa caffeinated infusion: ndeye nzira yekuva nevamweMunhu anotanga mutambo anoronga kurongeka kwedenderedzwa, anosarudza painopera, uye anova, kwechinguva, mukuru wedenderedzwa diki iroro.
Hazvishamisi kuti, muhurukuro dzakasiyana-siyana dzehurumende nemishandirapamwe, pfungwa iyo mukwanyina anomiririra rupo, kuva pedyo uye nharaundaIripo munguva dzekupemberera, asiwo munguva dzekuchema, nguva refu dzechipatara, kana husiku hwekudzidza. Inoshanda sekodhi yakagovaniswa: ani nani anogamuchira mukwanyina anowanzo gamuchirawo nguva yekushamwaridzana.
Mundima yezvidzidzo, chiyero ichi chamutsa kufarira munzvimbo dzakadai anthropology uye sociologyZvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaongorora kuti yerba mate anoita sei identity marker yeArgentina neSouthern Cone nzanga, uye kuti kuvapo kwavo mukutama kunobatsira sei kusimbisa chisungo nenyika yekwakabva.
Naizvozvo, chiziviso chemukwanyina se national infusion muna 2013 uye kusikwa kwe National Mate Day Ivo vanodudzirwa kwete chete sekuzivikanwa kwechigadzirwa cheagro-industrial, asi sekuyedza kuchengetedza mhenyu yetsika chiratidzo iyo inogadzirwazve zuva nezuva.
Parizvino, kunyangwe mumamiriro ehurongwa kana masangano, Zvakajairika kuona vanhu vachinwa wavakaroorana naye pamisangano yebasa, hofisi dzavose, kana kuti zviitiko zvedzidzo., chimwe chinhu icho zvinwiwa zvishoma zvinogona "kutenga" pasina kurasikirwa kwechisikigo kana kukomba.
Hutano, sainzi uye zvinogona kubatsira zverba mate
Kufarira yerba mate hakugumiri patsika kana hupfumi. Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, kutsigira kwesainzi kwave kunyura mukati make zvinogoneka zvakanakira yerba mate, kunyanya yakabatana nezviri mukati me bioactive makemikari uye simba rayo re antioxidant.
Kubva kuna National Institute of Yerba Mate uye mayunivhesiti akasiyana-siyana anosimbisa kuti infusions yakagadzirwa nerba mate, kazhinji, yakaderera mumakoriyori, yakaderera musodium, uye isina mafutakunze kwekuti shuga yakawandisa haina kuwedzerwa. Uyezve, vanopa polyphenols uye methylxanthines, zvinhu zvine antioxidant uye zvinokurudzira zvinogona.
Vatsvakurudzi vanofarira Ana Thea, biochemistVatsvagiri kubva kuNational University yeMisiones vanonongedza kuti mukwanyina anogona kutorwa sea tsika ine utano kana yabatanidzwa muchirevo che kudya kwakaringana, kuita muviri uye mamwe maitiro akakodzera emararamiroPakati pezvinhu zvinonyanya kufarirwa nesainzi ndeye chlorogenic acids nevamwe flavonoidsizvo pamwe chete zvinomiririra kumativi ose 10% yehuremu hwakaoma hwemashizha.
Mamwe mabasa achangoburwa akanangana nekudzidza zvinogona prebiotic effect zvemakomboni aya, ndiko kuti, kugona kwavo kuita kukurudzira kukura kwebhakitiriya inobatsira uye inhibit pathogenic microorganisms mumatumbo emukati. Kana yakasimbiswa, yerba mate anogona kuita basa rinonakidza mu microbiota chiyero, nzvimbo yekutsvakurudza iri kuwedzera nokukurumidza.
Mukufanana, zvidzidzo zvepasi rese zvakatanga kuongorora hukama pakati yerba mate uye utano hwemuromo nemapfupaBasa rakabudiswa mujenari International Endodontic Journal, nekubatanidzwa kwezvikwata kubva ku Paulista State University (Brazil) and the Yunivhesiti yeMichigan (United States), yakaongorora maitiro ayo pamienzaniso ye apical periodontitis, kuzvimba kunoperera mudzi wezino.
Izvo tsvakurudzo inotaura nezve yerba mate uye hutano hwemuromo
Ichi chidzidzo chakagadziridzwa mukati makonzo uye tsika dzevanhu mazino seroKushandisa instant yerba mate poda yakanyungudutswa mumvura, mumadosi anofananidzwa neanowanzo kunwiwa nemunhu. Mapoka mana emhuka akaumbwa: imwe ine hutano, imwe yakangogamuchira yerba mate, imwe ine apical periodontitis, uye imwe ine periodontitis plus yerba mate.
Mune mhando dzemhuka, kudyiwa kwemurume kunowanikwa zvishoma kudzorera iyo antioxidant kugona kweplasma uye kuderedza zviratidzo zve oxidative kusagadzikana, zvakadai se lipid peroxidation muropa. Uyezve, kuongororwa kwetishu kwakaratidza a kushoma kuzvimba kunopinda mumazino uye basa rakaderedzwa remasero anokonzera kuparadza pfupa.
Miedzo yacho yaisanganisira microscopy, biochemical analysis uye 3D computed tomography kuona magadzirirwo eshaya zvakadzama. Mapuroteni uye mamakisi akadai IL-10, RANKL, TRAP uye OPGzvose zvakabatana nekugadzirisa maitiro uye kurasikirwa kwepfupa, uye kusiyana kwakanaka kwakaonekwa mumapoka akagamuchira yerba mate.
In the masero evanhuThe yerba mate extracts akabatsira kuchengetedza kugoneka uye kuita kwakajairika yemazino emazino, nepo kuderera kwemamwe mamorekuru ekuzvimba ane chekuita nekukuvara kwe pulp akaonekwa.
Nyanzvi dzinoda Juan FerrarioCONICET muongorori uye munyori-mubatanidzwa webhuku "Sayenzi yeMate", koshesa izvi mhedzisiro se chinongedzo chakakodzera mukuvakwa kweuchapupu maererano nezvinogonekwa nemuriwo. Zvisinei, vanosimbirira kuti ndizvo mhando dzemhuka uye zvidzidzo zverabhoritariNaizvozvo, zvichiri kunyanyo kukurumidza kufunga nezve yakananga makiriniki ekushandisa.
Vanyori vebasa pachavo vanosimbisa izvozvo miedzo yekiriniki haisati yavapo iyo inoongorora maitiro erba mate kune vanhu vane apical periodontitis, uye hazvizivikanwe kuti chii dosage uye mafomu Vaizonyanya kushanda sechinhu chinogoneka chekurapa. Parizvino, mhedziso huru ndeyekuti yerba mate, pasi pemamiriro akaedzwa, Yakaratidza kusakuvadza mumakonzo. uye inovhura mutsara unovimbisa wetsvagiridzo.
Europe, North America uye mepu nyowani yemurume
Ipo muArgentina shamwari inoramba yakabatanidzwa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva zvekuti kazhinji inoenda isingaonekwe, mukati Europe uye North America Inotanga kuburitsa chimiro chakasiyana. Ikoko, inowanzobatanidzwa nemafungiro akadai simba rechisikigo, mararamiro ane hutano uye exotic chigadzirwa, iyo iri kufambisa kupinda kwayo mune chaiyo chaiyo niches yevatengi.
Mumisika iyi, yerba mate inoonekwa mukati Inowanikwa mune soluble powder, capsules, tea mabhegi, uye akagadzirira-ku-kunwa mafomatikazhinji inosanganiswa nezvimwe zvinhu. Iyo yakajairika yevatengi profiles ndeye munhu ari kutsvaga kofi dzimwe nzira kana zvinwiwa zvine shuga shoma pane zvinwiwa zvechinyakare.
Yerba mate anoravira nyanzvi uye sommeliers anonongedza kuti, sezvo kufarira kuchikura, ndizvo zvinoitawo kudiwa kwe organic zvigadzirwa, zvechitupa chakasimbiswa uye nekunyatsogadziriraIzvi zvinovhura mikana yevagadziri vanoenda kunze kwenyika muMisiones neCorrientes, asi zvakare zvinounza matambudziko maererano nemhando yemhando, kusimba, uye kuteedzera.
Mumaguta eEurope, zvakare, vari kutanga kuwanda specialty cafes nemabhawa izvo zvinosanganisira yerba mate pane yavo menyu, ingave muchimiro chayo chekare kana kududzirwazve mumakorokoro, zvinwiwa zvinotonhorera, uye musanganiswa nemukaka wakavakirwa mumiti. Munzvimbo idzi, infusion inoratidzwa sechinhu che kuchinjanisa tsika, kazhinji achiperekedzwa netsananguro nezvekwaakabva muGuarani nebasa rake munzanga yeArgentina.
Kufamba kwese uku kunosimbisa pfungwa yekuti yerba mate yarega kuve chigadzirwa chemuno uye yave mutambi anoshanda zvakanyanya mumusika wechinwiwa chepasi roseine nhoroondo yayo uye nhoroondo yetsika inowedzera kukosha kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe sarudzo.
Inoonekwa seyakazara, iyo National Mate Day Inoshanda sechiyeuchidzo chekuoma kwakavanzwa kuseri kwechimiro chakareruka sekugadzirira uye kugovera infusion. Mugori iroro rinoita serisingashamisiri, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinosangana. Makore mazana mashanu enhoroondo, maitiro enharaunda, hupfumi hwematunhu, uye mibvunzo yakavhurika yesainziKubva kuminda yakatsvuka yeMisiones kuenda kumakofi eBerlin kana London, mumwe wake anoramba achizvigadzirisa pasina kurasikirwa izvo zvinoita kuti zvizivikanwe: chinwiwa icho, kupfuura kungopedza nyota, anokukoka kuti mugare pasi mutaure.
