NASA yakazivisa kuti rover yayo Kutsungirira akaziva humbowo hunoenderana nebasa rekare rehutachiona mune seti yematombo e sedimentary kubva kuJezero Crater paMars. Ongororo, yakatsanangurwa mubepa rakaongororwa nevezera mu muzvarirwo, iyo inobatana nevamwe nyaya dzesainzi dzinonakidza, inotsanangura kushamwaridzana kwemaminerari uye maitiro emakemikari zvinoenderana nemaitiro eredox pamberi pe organic matter.
Muenzaniso, wakatumidzwa zita remadunhurirwa Sapphire Canyon, yakaunganidzwa muna Chikunguru 2024 pakuchera mudombo Cheyava Falls mukati mekugadzirwa Bright Angel, kumucheto kweNeretva Vallis. Ikoko, zviridzwa zverover zvakaona patani ye“ingwe mavara"uye seti yemaminerari - pakati pavo vivianite y gregite- izvo paNyika zvinowanzoenderana nekudyidzana pakati pesediments uye organic zvinhu.
Zvakaonekwa naPerseverance
Rover yakacherekedza millimeter-scale nodules uye reaction fronts mune ivhu-rich shales, ine hupfumi mukati. ferrous iron phosphate (vivianita) uye iron sulfides (greigite). Iyi mineral assemblage inoperekedzwa ne organic carbon uye inoratidzika yakanyudzwa mumatombo akanaka ayo, nokuda kwekugadzirwa kwawo, anogona kuchengetedza zviratidzo zvemakemikari zvisinganyatsooneki kweeons.
Iyo in situ data yakasimbiswa neyekare mineralological mepu ine orbital spectrometer. CRSM uye nekuverenga kubva kurover pachayo, zvinosimbisa kuvapo kwe ivhu (smectites) uye carbonates zvakajairwa nemhoteredzo dzine mvura. Iyi siginecha ye geochemical inoyeuchidza shanduko inoonekwa mukati Antarctic madziva uye dzimwe nharaunda dzepasi apo tupukanana tunoderedza sulfates kuva sulfides.
Chikwata chesainzi, chinotungamirwa na Joel Hurowitz uye kutora chikamu kwevaongorori kubva kuNASA uye Center for Astrobiology (CSIC-INTA) se Alberto González Fairén y Felipe Gómez, inodudzira kuti kugoverwa kwemaminerari uye makemikari avo anoratidza electron transfer reactions yakabatana ne organic matter.
- Key mineral association: vivianite (hydrated ferrous phosphate) + gregite (iron sulfide).
- Lithological mamiriro: shales uye silts nevhu uye carbonates munzvimbo yekare fluvial.
- Kemikari siginicha: kupfumisa mukati Fe, S uye P rinotevera organic carbon uye "stain" mhando mavara.
- Kufananidza kwepasi: maitiro redox munzvimbo dzinotonhora uye ne organic matter.
Sample yakatorwa kupi uye sei
Kubviswa kwacho kwakaitwa kumacheto e Neretva Vallis, mupata wekare werwizi waiyerera uchipinda mugomba reJezero uye waimbova nemhepo mabhiriyoni emakore akapfuuraKuchinja kwenzizi nemadeltas kwakaisa zvinyoro zvakanaka izvo, nekufamba kwenguva, zvakave zvinyoro uye nhasi zvinoumba dura rezvinyorwa. mamiriro ezvinhu ekare anogona kugarika.
En Cheyava Falls -dombo rine tsinga uye museve morphology mukati Bright Angel– zviridzwa pixl (X-rays) uye SHERLOC (Raman uye luminescence) yakaona yakasarudzika "mbada mavara"Aya mavara anoratidza makemikari gradients pa "reaction fronts," nzvimbo dzekusangana apo shanduko yemuviri nemakemikari inoitika iyo, paPasi, inogona kubatanidzwa microbial metabolism yakavakirwa paphosphorus, sarufa uye organic compounds.
Nzvimbo yekudzidza inosanganisirawo mazinga ane conglomerates uye silts, iyo inoratidza kuchinjana kwezvikamu zvekufambisa kwesimba uye nguva dzekudzikama, nzvimbo yakanaka ye delicate textures uye marudzi emakemikari anonzwira tsitsi anochengetedzwa.
Hupenyu here? “Zvinogoneka biosignature” zvinorevei?
A inogona biosignature ndeye chiratidzo, chinhu kana chimiro iyo inogona kunge ine mavambo ebhayoloji, asi haina kukwana pachayo kuzvisimbisa. Mubatanidzwa Vivianita + Greigita uye maitiro avo epakati anowirirana ne biochemical reactions, kunyangwe achigonawo kugadzirwa ne abiotic nzira pasi pemamwe mamiriro emakemikari emuviri.
Chidzidzo chinoratidza kuti hapana humbowo hwe yakaramba ichipisa kana yenzvimbo dzakasimba asidhi Mumatombo aya, nzira mbiri dzeabiotic dzinokwanisa kugadzira misanganiswa yemaminerari yakafanana. Nekudaro, nharaunda yesainzi inoda humbowo hunoshamisa isati yabatanidza zvisina tsarukano izvi zviratidzo nazvo hupenyu hwekare.
Kuongorora huremu hwehumbowo, zvimiro zvakaita seyero zvinoshandiswa Cold (Kuvimbika kweHupenyu Detection), iyo inoyera dhigirii rekuvimba kubva kune tentative masaini kuenda kune humbowo hwakasimba. The publication in muzvarirwo inopa methodological kuomarara uye inovhura musuwo wezvimwe zvikwata dzokorora uye siyanisa mhedzisiro, sekujekeswa nemanzwi akadai Katie Stack Morgan kubva kuJPL.
Sezvo munyori mukuru anoyeuka, Joel Hurowitz, masiginecha emakemikari anogutsa, asi kusimbiswa kunoda kuyerwa paNyika nezviridzwa kuwedzera kunzwisisika mavambo emaminerari, organic compounds uye mavara.
Nhanho inotevera: kuunza masampuli uye matambudziko
Iyo purogiramu ye muenzaniso return kubva kuMars iri kuenda kuburikidza neyakadzama yekuongorora chikamu ne mari uye purogiramuIyo yekutanga dhizaini yakagadziridzwa zvakare uye NASA iri kudzidza zviri nyore, nekukurumidza uye zvakachipa dzimwe nzira, kusanganisira industry proposals sevaya vaLockheed Martin.
Zvirongwa zvinonongedza kusarudzo dzisina kuoma, asi dambudziko rehunyanzvi rinoramba rakakwirira uye rine njodzi huru dzekushandaKuwedzerwa kune izvi ndiko kudiwa kwezvivakwa yakanyanya biosecurity paPasi kuongorora macores pasina njodzi yekuyambuka-kusvibiswa kweMars kana pasi redu.
Nepo chivakwa chekupedzisira uye nguva dzakapedzwa, rover inoramba ichizadza sampling tubes sarudza uye nyora imwe neimwe geological mamiriro nechishandiso chake cheabrasion, maitiro anowedzera kukosha kwesainzi kwekuzodzoka.
Mazwi uye mamiriro echinangwa
Maneja maneja, akadai seanoshamwaridzana maneja Nicky Fox, vanosimbisa kuti kufambira mberi uku mugumisiro wezano rakanangana nebasa tora astrobiological science weukoshi hwepamusoro. Vanosimbirirawo kuti nharaunda yatove nedata rekuongorora kugona kwayo kwebhaibheri ndakazvimirira.
Kubva kuchikwata chekuongorora cheMartian, zvinyorwa zvakadai se Lindsay Hays Vanosimbisa kuti ichi ndicho chimwe chezviitiko zvinovimbisa zvakaonekwa ne Kutsungirira, kunyange zvazvo kungwarira kuchikosha kusvikira kwapera ongororo yerabhoritariVatauriri veNASA vakatsanangura mhedzisiro sechiratidzo chakajeka chakaonekwa kusvika nhasi, nguva dzose neiyo nuance yekuti haisati yasvika. humbowo hwechokwadi.
Inoshanda kuJezero kubvira 2021 mushure mekutanga kwayo muna 2020, rover yakatovharwa. anopfuura gumi nemaviri samples uye ine nzvimbo yevamwe vakati wandei. Zvishandiso zvayo - kusanganisira pixl y SHERLOC- inobvumira kuratidza zvakadzama mineralogy, chemistry uye zvinogoneka organic komisheni mukati Geological context.
Uchapupu hwakaunganidzwa hunoratidza izvozvo Mars yakakwanisa kuchengetedza mamiriro ekugara kwenguva refu kupfuura zvaimbofungwa, uye kuti mamwe matombo madiki anewo zviratidzo kune akakodzera maitiro. Izvo zvinoramba zvichionekwa kuti, kana vasvika kuPasi, aya masampula anosimbisa kuti akacherechedzwa siginecha yekemikari uye zvinyorwa zvinoenderana ne microbial metabolism kana kune zvisiri zvebhayoloji maitiro anoshanda zvakanyanya pasi peMartian mamiriro.
