Nhoroondo ye mvuu dzakasiyiwa naPablo Escobar muColombia Chitsauko chitsva chine migumisiro yepasi rose chawedzerwa. Mushure memakore ekukakavadzana, mazano asina kubudirira, uye kutyisidzira kwekuuraya, mhuka idzi makumi masere dzichaendeswa kunzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka muIndia, muchirongwa chakaoma chinosanganisa sainzi, zvematongerwo enyika, zvekufambisa zvinhu, uye tsika dzezvakatipoteredza.
Chirongwa ichi, chakakurudzirwa nemuzvinabhizinesi wekuIndia Anant Ambani uye inotsigirwa neAssociation of Zoos, Breeding Centers and Aquariums of Mexico (AZCARM)Inoratidzwa senzira yekudzivirira kuuraya mhuka dzakawanda uko hurumende yeColombia yakanga yatobvumidza, uku ichiedza kuderedza kumanikidzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kunoitwa nemhuka idzi huru dzinoyamwisa mumupata weRwizi rweMagdalena.
Mvuu dzaPablo Escobar dzakasvika sei muRwizi rweMagdalena
Izvi zvese zvakatanga mumakore ekuma1980, apo Pablo Escobar akatenga zvinhu zvina kubva kunze kwenyika Mvuu dzemuAfrica yemhuka yake yega yega kuHacienda Nápoles. Mushure mekudonha kwemukuru wezvinodhaka, mhuka dzakawanda dzakasiyiwa dzisina kudzorwa, dzakajaira nharaunda, uye dzakatanga kubereka nekukurumidza.
Nekufamba kwenguva, paki yacho yakawedzera mahombekombe nenzvimbo dzine mvura dzakabatana neRwizi rweMagdalena nenzvimbo dzakapoteredza. Pasina zvikara zvechisikigo uye chikafu nemvura yakawanda, huwandu hwevanhu hwakawedzera kusvika pavanhu vanodarika mazana maviri, zvichienderana nefungidziro kubva kuvakuru vezvakatipoteredza vekuColombia.
Chinhu panguva iyoyo chairatidzika kunge chinhu chinoshamisa chakazopedzisira chava dambudziko guru: mvuu dzaiiswa muboka re mhando dzemhuka dzinopinda muropa dzine njodzi kune zvakatipoteredza uye munharaundaMishumo yakaita seyakabva kuHumboldt Institute, yakaburitswa muna 2022, yakanyevera kuti kuvapo kwavo kunochinja nharaunda dzemumvura, kunodzinga mhuka dzemuno uye kunonyanya kutyisidzira mhuka dzisina dziviriro dzakadai semanatee.
Pamusoro pekukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, nyanzvi dzinosimbisa kuti mhuka idzi nzvimbo, dzisingatarisirwi, uye dzinogona kuva nengozi kune nharaunda dziri pamhenderekedzo dzerwizi, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine vanhu vane mvuu, nzira, uye mvura.
Yakatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, hurumende yeColombia yave kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana: kuedza kuvhiyiwa uye kuvhiyiwa kwemakemikarimazano ekutamira kune dzimwe nyika uye, pakupedzisira, mvumo yematanho ekuuraya ekudzivirira kukura kwevanhu.
Sarudzo yeColombia: euthanasia yekudzora mhuka dzinopinda muropa
Pakati paKubvumbi, Bazi reZvakatipoteredza reColombia Akazivisa kuti aizoramba achiuraya mvuu 80. Chiyero ichi chakavakirwa pafungidziro dzepamutemo dzinofungidzira kuti, pasina kudzora kwakasimba, huwandu hwevanhu hunogona kusvika chiuru panosvika gore ra2035.
Sekureva kwebazi rezvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, dzimwe nzira dzisingaurayi dzakatsvagwa kwemakore - kutamiswa, kuvharirwa zvishoma, kuvharirwa kwevanhu vakawanda - dzakafungwa nezvadzo. hazvina kukwana, zvinodhura zvakanyanya, kana kuti zvakaoma kuita Pamusoro pezvo, hurukuro nenyika dzakasiyana-siyana kuti vagamuchire mvuu dzakaguma nekurambwa.
Panguva imwe chete, mainjiniya akatsanangura maprotocol akadzama e kutarisira uye, kana zvichidikanwa, kuuraya vanhu nemakemikari yemhuka. Maitiro acho anotanga nekuiswa kwemakomba esimbi pedyo nenzvimbo dzine mvura nenzvimbo dzine vanhu vanorwisana, zvichiverengerwa nzvimbo inosvika masikweya mita gumi nemashanu pamunhu mumwe chete kuti kuderedze kushushikana.
Chirauro chinopihwa kwemazuva akati wandei —musanganiswa wemakarotsi, kabichi, lettuce, michero, munyu une mineral uye molasses— mukati nekunze kwenzvimbo yakavharirwa, kazhinji panguva yemanheru, apo mvuu dzinenge dzichinyanya kushanda. Kana mhuka yapinda uye gedhi ravharwa, inopihwa mishonga yakawanda kuburikidza nemiseve inonyaradza.
Maitiro ekurapa mhuka anosanganisira musanganiswa wakasiyana we xylazine, ketamine, butorphanol, detomidine, azaperone, kana medetomidineyagadziriswa zvichienderana nehuremu hwemuenzaniso wega wega. Mushure mechikamu chekunyaradza zvakanyanya, mvuu yakarara nerutivi rwayo, kupinda kwetsinga mutsinga kunogadzikana uye, kana nzira yekuuraya ichizoshandiswa, mushonga we sodium pentobarbital wakawandisa kana mimwe mishonga ine simba guru yeanesthetic kana analgesic inopihwa.
Kungokwanisa kushandisa nzira iyi kwakaburitsa gakava rakasimba revanhu nesainziMukati nekunze kweColombia, masangano anorwira kodzero dzemhuka, nyanzvi dzezvedzidzo, nemasangano epasi rose akasimbisa kuti mhinduro yakasiyana ichiripo kana chibvumirano chaigona kusvikwa chekutamisa chikamu chakakura cheboka iri.
Anant Ambani nebasa raVantara: Chipo cheIndia chekuponesa mvuu makumi masere
Pakati pemakakatanwa, zita rakanga risingazivikanwe zvakanyanya muhurukuro yeColombia kusvika panguva iyoyo rakabuda zvine simba: Anant Ambani, mwanakomana wekupedzisira wemutengesi Mukesh Ambani, anoonekwa semunhu akapfuma muAsia uye mukuru wekambani yeReliance Industries.
Ambani akatumira chikumbiro chepamutemo kuhurumende yeColombia kugamuchira mvuu makumi masere dzaifanirwa kuurayiwa panzvimbo yekuchengetedza mhuka yeVantara, chirongwa chekununura nekuvandudza mhuka dzesango chiri mudunhu reGujarat, kumadokero kweIndia.
Mumashoko ake, muzvinabhizinesi uyu akasimbisa kuti mhuka idzi "zvisikwa zvipenyu uye zvine pfungwa" Havana kusarudza kuzvarirwa muColombia, kana mamiriro ezvinhu ari kuvaisa panjodzi. Akati kana paine imwe nzira yakachengeteka uye ine hunhu, pane mutoro wekuyedza kuishandisa vasati vazvipira.
Ambani akataura kuti Tsitsi nekuchengetedzeka kwevanhu hazvifanirwe kunge zvisingaenderane.Mukufunga kwake, nehwaro hwakasimba hwesainzi uye kuronga kwakasimba zvinokwanisika kuchengetedza nharaunda dzemunharaunda, kuchengetedza nharaunda uye panguva imwe chete kuponesa hupenyu hwemvuu.
Vantara, inotsigirwa neReliance Industries uye inotungamirwa naAnant Ambani, yatove nekambani mhuka dzerudzi rweprimates, katsi hombe, nzou nedzimwe mhuka dzakanunurwaMhuka zhinji dzinobva mukutengeswa zvisiri pamutemo, kumasekisi, kana mumamiriro ezvinhu ekushungurudzwa. Nzvimbo iyi ine zvivakwa zvakakura, zvipatara zvemhuka, uye mitemo yekuchengetedza mhuka yakagadzirirwa mhuka hombe.
Chikumbiro cheIndia hachisi kungotaura chinangwa chete. Nzvimbo tsvene yakaratidza kuti inoda fungai nezvemitengo yekutamisa nekuchengetedza mvuu 80chero bedzi Colombia ichipa mvumo inodiwa uye maitiro acho achienderana nezvinodiwa pasi rose zvehutano uye biosecurity.
Kuyananisa kweAZCARM nekutaurirana kwenyika dzese
Zvichienderana nezvakapihwa naAmbani, Sangano reZoo, Nzvimbo dzekuberekesa uye Aquariums dzeMexico (AZCARM) Kwemakore, vanga vachishanda chinyararire kudzivirira kuuraya mhuka muColombia. Mutungamiri wavo, Ernesto Zazueta, akatsanangura kuti kuedza uku kwakatanga muna 2023 nechinangwa chekuwana mhinduro ine hunhu uye inochengetedza mhuka idzi.
Sekureva kweAZCARM, chibvumirano neVantara chakakonzerwa ne kwemakore anopfuura matatu ebasa rezvekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika, rehunyanzvi uye rezvekuchengetedza nharaunda pakati peMexico, India, neColombia, pamwe nekukurukurirana nenyanzvi dzekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza mhuka. Sangano iri rinotsanangura chirongwa ichi sechimwe chezvibvumirano zvakakosha zvekutamisa mhuka dzesango munguva pfupi yapfuura.
Munguva iyi, dzimwe nzira dzakaongororwa. Colombia yakaronga kutamisa mvuu kuenda kumhuka dzesango. nyika dzakadai seEcuador, Peru, Mexico, Dominican Republic, Philippines, South Africa, uye kunyange India pachayoAsi hurumende zhinji dzakapindura zvisina kunaka, kungave nekuda kwezvikonzero zvepamutemo, kunetseka nezvekuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu, kana kuti mitengo yakakwira yezvekufambisa zvinhu.
Munyaya chaiyo yeMexico, kutumira zvinhu gumi kunzvimbo yekuchengetedzwa kwemhuka kwakafungwa nezvazvo, asi pfungwa yacho haina kubudirira nekuti mitemo inorambidza kupinza mhando dzemhuka dzinogona kupinda munyika uye nekuda kwemari yakawanda inodiwa pakufambisa mhuka dzehukuru hwakadai.
Kuna Zazueta nevamwe vatsigiri vechirongwa ichi, chibvumirano naVantara chinoratidza kuti Kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese kunogona kupa dzimwe nzira dzechokwadi pane kuuraya vanhu vakawanda.Mukufunga kwake, ichi hachisi chiratidzo chekuda kurwa nemvuu dzekuColombia chete, asi muenzaniso wekuti tingagadzirisa sei kusawirirana kwakafanana mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi.
Kubva pakuzivisa kusvika pakushanda: mapemiti, CITES nematambudziko ezvekufambisa zvinhu
Kuitwa kwekutamiswa kwemvuu 80 kunosanganisira mashandiro ekufambisa zvinhu akaomarara zvikuruAZCARM nenzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka yeVantara vakasimbisa kuti zvese zvinofanirwa kuitwa pasi pemitemo yepasi rose yekuchengetedza mhuka, kuchengetedzwa kwemhuka uye hutano, vachitarisirwa nevakuru venyika dzese dziri mbiri.
Chinhu chakakosha rwendo rweColombia rwekuenda ku Mvumo yeCITES yekuburitsa kunze kwenyikaGwaro repamutemo rinodiwa neChibvumirano cheKutengeserana Kwenyika Dzese muNharaunda dzeMhuka dzesango neMiti (CITES) rinodiwa. Kunyangwe hazvo mvuu dzisingazotengeswi kuti dzishandiswe muhupfumi, kufamba kwemarudzi akachengetedzwa kunoda kuti nzira iyi ive nechokwadi chekuti kutariswa, kuve pamutemo, uye kuteverwa.
Kana mvumo iyoyo yawanikwa, chirongwa ichi chinosanganisira kubata, kunyaradza uye kutakurwa mumidziyo yakakosha yakagadzirirwa kumirisana nehuremu uye zvinodiwa nemuviri wemhuka panguva yerwendo rurefu, izvo zvinosanganisa kutakurwa kwenyika nendege.
Kubva kuMiddle Magdalena, mvuu dzaizotakurwa kuenda kunhandare dzendege dzichikwanisa ndege dzinorema, inokwanisa kutakura mhuka pamwe chete nachiremba wemhuka nevashandi vanoibata vanozoiperekedza nguva dzese.
Painoenda, nzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka yeVantara inofanira kunge iine nzvimbo dzakakwana dzekuvharira, nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mvura, uye nzira dzakakwana dzekudzivirira mvuu kuti dzisave, zvakare, rudzi rwemhuka. mhando dzine matambudziko munzvimbo dzekunzePfungwa yacho ndeyekuvachengeta vari mumamiriro ezvinhu akapfava, vachitarisirwa nguva dzose.
Nyaya iyi inorevei pakuchengetedzwa kwenyika?
Kupfuura kukanganisa kwazvinoita Colombia neIndia, kutamiswa kwe mvuu dzenhaka yaEscobar Izvi zvinomutsa mibvunzo mikuru pamusoro pekuti mhuka dzinopinda kubva mumabasa evanhu dzinofanira kutarisirwa sei, nyaya iri kunetsawo muEurope nedzimwe nzvimbo.
Munyika dzakawanda, kusanganisira European Union, mutemo wepasi rose unorambidza marudzi emhuka dzinobva kune dzimwe nyika kupinda munyika dzakasiyana. Kudzivirira kwakasimba, kudzora kwekutanga uye, muzviitiko zvakawanda, kuuraya nekusarudza apo kukura kwacho kwatove kusina kudzorwa. Nhaurirano ndeyekuchengetedza nharaunda dzemuno pamwe nekuchengetedzeka kwevanhu.
Nyaya yeColombia, zvisinei, yakamutsa gakava rekuwedzera pamusoro pe Huremu hwekugara zvakanaka kwemhuka uye mutoro wenhoroondo apo kupinda kwacho kuri mhedzisiro yakananga yezvisarudzo zvakanyorwa nevanhu, zvakaita sekuumbwa kwenzvimbo yemhuka yemhuka nemunhu akakurumbira anotengesa zvinodhaka.
Nyanzvi dzekuchengetedza nharaunda dzinoti haasi mamiriro ese ezvinhu anobvumira mhedzisiro yakafanana neyaVantara: Hapasi nguva dzose paine nyika inogamuchira. uye havadi kuisa mari muzvivakwa zvakati, uye hapana masangano achatora mari yekushandisa yakakura kudai. Nokudaro, vanonyevera kuti muenzaniso uyu haufanirwe kutsanangurwa semhinduro inogona kudzokororwa otomatiki kune chero gakava nemarudzi emhuka dzinopinda.
Zvisinei, chibvumirano ichi chakatsanangurwa nevatsigiri vacho se danho renhoroondo rekushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese munharaunda yemhuka dzesango. Kune AZCARM, zvinoratidza kuti, nekuda kwezvematongerwo enyika uye kushandira pamwe pakati pemapato ehurumende neakazvimirira, zvinokwanisika kugadzira dzimwe nzira dzekubatsira vanhu kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara.
Sezvo gadziriro dzichienderera mberi uye mvumo uye ruzivo rwehunyanzvi rwuchipedzwa, mvuu 80 dzaimbove chikamu chezoo yaPablo Escobar dziri pakati pebasa risati ramboitika. Rwendo rwavo rwekuenda kuIndia runoratidza kuti sarudzo yakaitwa makumi emakore apfuura papurazi reColombia iri kuramba iine mhedzisiro pasi rose, uye kuti sainzi, mutemo wepasi rose, uye tsika dzezvakatipoteredza zviri kuedza sei kugadzirisa nhaka isina kujairika uye inonetsa kudaro.
