La mutemo wemazuva ano wekubata hove Yava imwe yenzvimbo huru dzehondo pakati pekuchengetedza gungwa nekudiwa kwekuchengetedza zviuru zvemabasa. Patinotaura nezve "mutemo wekubata hove," hatisi kungotaura nezvezvikwereti uye mapepa chete: tiri kutaura nezvemaitiro esarudzo. hove ngani dzinogona kubatwa, ndiani anodzibata, nzira dzipi uye mumamiriro api ezvinhuuye kuti mabhenefiti nemigumisiro zvinogoverwa sei munharaunda dzegungwa nenharaunda dzezvipenyu.
Munyaya yeEurope, chokwadi ichi chinoratidzwa mu Mutemo weKubata Hove (CFP)Hurongwa hwakazara hwemitemo yeEuropean Union hunovavarira kuwana chiyero: kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvemugungwa, kuona kuti chikamu ichi chinoshanda zvakanaka mune zveupfumi, kuchengetedza mabasa, uye kuvimbisa hove dzine hutano nemitengo inonzwisisika. Zvese izvi tichirwisa kubata hove zvakanyanya, kubata hove zvisiri pamutemo, uye mhedzisiro yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze pamakungwa ari kuramba achioma.
Chii chinonzi mutemo wekubata hove uye Mutemo weKubata Hove wakatanga sei?
Mutemo wekubata hove, chaizvoizvo, ndiwo mitemo, zvigadziro uye sarudzo dzeveruzhinji izvo zvinodzora mabasa ekubata hove nekurima gungwa: kubva kunaani anogona kubata hove, kusvika pahuwandu hupi, sei, kupi, uye nezvishandiso zvipi. MuEuropean Union, mutemo uyu wakagadzirwa kuburikidza ne Mutemo weKubata Hove, inova ndiyo nzira iyo EU inotarisira nayo zviwanikwa zvehove uye inoita kuti kushandiswa kwazvo kurambe kuripo.
Matanho ekutanga akajairika mubazi rehove muEurope akatangira ku 1970, apo zvakasarudzwa kuti varedzi vehove vari muNyika Dzenhengo vaizove mukana wakaenzana wekuwana mvura yeEU. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, nzvimbo iri pedyo nemahombekombe yakachengeterwa vabati vehove veko, avo vaiwanzobata hove pedyo nezviteshi zvavo, kuti varambe vachiita izvozvo vasina kutamiswa nezvikepe zvikuru zvemaindasitiri.
Pamwe chete nekuwana mvura uku, EU yakatanga chirongwa che Musika Wakafanana zvezvigadzirwa zvehove uye mutemo wehurongwa hwekubatanidza kuvandudzwa kwezvikepe uye zvivakwa zvekunze kwenyika, nechinangwa chekuti chikamu ichi chive nemakwikwi akawanda. Sarudzo idzi dzekutanga dzakava mbeu yezvakazogadzwa zviri pamutemo sePPC muna 1983.
Kubva ipapo, Mutemo weCommon Fisheries Policy wave uchigadziriswa kakawanda. Muna 2002, shanduko huru yakatangwa nechinangwa chekuve nechokwadi chekuti budiriro inochengetedza zvakatipoteredza, hupfumi uye magariro evanhuIzvi zvakawanikwa nekuvimba nemazano esainzi akanaka uye pachena, uye nekubatanidza vanhu vakawanda vane chekuita nazvo (vabati vehove, masangano ezvakatipoteredza, nharaunda dzemuno). Hurongwa hwekutarisira kwenguva refu hwakabatanidzwa, hwakavakirwa pa nzira yekurarama nayo, nehurongwa hwemakore akawanda hwekudzoreredza hove uye hwekutarisira huwandu hwadzo.
Shanduko yazvino ndeyeRegulation (EU) 1380/2013, yakashanda kubvira 29 Zvita 2013 uye inoshanda kubvira 1 Ndira 2014. Shanduko iyi yakavandudza zvakanyanya CFP kuti iedze kumisa kubata hove zvakanyanya, kuvandudza kudzora, kuderedza mari inokuvadza uye kusimbisa basa rekubata hove, zvese zvinoenderana nezvipikirwa zvepasi rose uye Zvinangwa zveSustainable Development.
Zvinangwa zvikuru zvemutemo wekubata hove: kuchengetedza nguva, kuwana mabasa uye kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu
Chinangwa chikuru chePPC ndeche kuona kuti kubata hove nekupfuya gungwa zvinogara kwenguva refu Kubva pamaonero ezvakatipoteredza, uye panguva imwe chete zvinopa mabhenefiti ehupfumi, magariro evanhu, uye ebasa. Nemamwe mashoko: kuti zviwanikwa zvemugungwa izvo chikamu ichi chakavakirwa pazviri hazviparadzwe, kuti vabati vehove vanogona kuwana raramo yakanaka kubva mubasa ravo, uye kuti vagari vemo vanogona kuwana hove dzakachengeteka uye dzemhando yepamusoro.
Chinangwa ichi, zvichienderana neCFP Basic Regulation, chinozadzikiswa kuburikidza nezvisungo zvakakosha zvakawanda. Chekutanga, kubata kunofanirwa kutevedzera zvinonzi Goho Guru Rinochengetedza (MSY)Huwandu hwakanyanya hwehove dzinogona kutorwa kubva muhuwandu hwehove pasina kukanganisa kugona kwayo kubereka. Nekuda kweizvi, miganho inoiswa gore rega rega. huwandu hwese hwekubata hunogona kubvumidzwa (TAC) uye migove yenhengo dzeNyika.
Kune rumwe rutivi, PPC inotsvaga kuderedza kubatwa kusingadiwe uye tsika yekurasa, zvichiita kuti zvive zvinosungirwa dhawunirodha pachiteshi chezvese zvakabatwa, uye zvinoda kuti pave nematanho ehunyanzvi anoita kuti hove dzive dzekusarudza. Uyezve, chinangwa ndechekugadzirisa kugona kwezvikepe kune mikana yekubata hove, zvekuti hapana zvikepe zvakawanda (kana simba rekubata hove) kupfuura zviwanikwa zviripo.
Panyaya yemagariro evanhu, PPC inoda kuve nechokwadi chekuti kugadzikana kwemari inowanikwa uye kushanda kune nharaunda dzevanobata hove, vachipawo maturusi ekuvandudza zvikepe, kuvandudza zvizvarwa, kuenzana kwevanhurume nevanhukadzi, uye kuvandudzwa kwemamiriro ekushanda. Pfungwa yacho ndeyekuti shanduko yekuenda kuhove dzinogara kwenguva refu haizosiyi vabati vehove kumashure, kunyanya vabati vehove vadiki.
Chekupedzisira, chinangwa chemutemo wekubata hove muEurope ndechekubatsira kuchengetedza chikafu EU: kuve nechokwadi chekuti kune huwandu hwakakwana hwezvigadzirwa zvehove nekurima gungwa, zvinosvikika kuvanhu uye zviri pasi pekutariswa kwakasimba, mhando uye kudzorwa kwemazita, kuitira kuti mutengi agone kuvimba nezvaanotenga.
Zvishandiso zvikuru zveCommon Fisheries Policy
PPC inoshandiswa kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuita. Chekutanga, pane manejimendi ekubata hove Izvi zvinosanganisira: kugadzwa kweTACs, zvipimo, saizi shoma, mwaka yakavharwa, zvishandiso zvekuredza zvine mvumo, nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, kana matanho akakosha emhando dzakasiyana dzehove kana nzvimbo dzekuredza. Izvi zvinosanganisirawo... regionalization yekuita sarudzo, kuunza chikamu chevatungamiriri pedyo nematunhu uye kubvumira vane chekuita nemabasa kuti vatore chikamu chakawanda mukutsanangura mitemo.
Chechipiri, PPC inosanganisira chikamu chakasimba kwazvo chepasi roseEU inotaurirana ichimiririra Nyika dzayo dziri Nhengo mumisangano yepasi rose yekubata hove pamwe nenyika dzechitatu, uye inobatanidzwa zvakanyanya mu Masangano Ekutarisira Kubata Hove Mumatunhu (RFMOs) uye inopedzisa zvibvumirano zvekuwana zviwanikwa nenyika dzechitatu, kunyanya muAfrica nedzimwe nzvimbo uko zvikepe zveEurope zvinoshanda kunze kwemvura dzeCommunity.
Mbiru yechitatu ndiyo misika nemutemo wekutengeserana yezvigadzirwa zvehove. CFP inogadza mitemo yekurongeka kwemisika, inokurudzira mitengo yakakodzera kune vagadziri, vanogadzira, nevanotengesa, uye inotsvaga kusimbisa kuvimba nevatengi kuburikidza nekunyora mazita akajeka, kurongeka, uye kudzora hutano nekwakabva.
Pamwe chete neizvi, mutemo weEU wekubata hove unokurudzira budiriro yekurima hove (mapurazi ehove, hove dzemugungwa nedzealgae), inoonekwa sechinhu chakakosha chekuwedzera kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu uye imwe nzira ine mukana wekuderedza kumanikidzwa kune dzimwe mhuka dzesango, chero bedzi ichitarisirwa nenzira inochengetedza uye isina kukanganisa nharaunda zvakanyanya.
Chekupedzisira, CPP inovimba nechikamu chakakosha che tsvakurudzo yesainzi uye kuunganidzwa kwedataZvidzidzo, mishandirapamwe yekuongorora huwandu hwevanhu, kuunganidzwa kwezvikepe nenhamba dzehove, uye ongororo yemigumisiro yehove zvinopihwa mari kuitira kuti sarudzo dziitwe nesainzi yakanaka uye yazvino.
Mari yeEurope inotsigira mutemo wekubata hove: kubva kuEFF neEMFF kuenda kuEMFF
Kuti zvinangwa izvi zvese zvisarambe zviri zvipikirwa zvisina maturo, EU ine zvishandiso zvemari zvakananga. Zvichangoburwa ndizvo European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund (EMFAF), iyo inofukidza nguva ya2021-2027 uye ndeimwe yemari huru yekuvaka yeUnion.
Chinangwa cheFEMPA ndechekutsigira kushandiswa kwePPC, kupa mari kumapurojekiti anokurudzira kuenderera mberi uye kukwikwidzana kwechikamu ichi. Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinokosheswa nazvo zvinosanganisira kuvandudzwa kwezvikepe zvemazuva ano (nguva dzose pasina kuwedzera kugona kubata hove), kukurudzira shanduko muzvizvarwa, kuenzana kwevanhurume nevanhukadzi, hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji uye kusimbisa kudzora kubata hove nekuunganidzwa kwedata.
Uyezve, FEMPA inopa rutsigiro rwakakosha ku kuvandudzwa kwekurima hove uye hupfumi hwegungwaInokurudzira kurima hove itsva, inotsungirira uye isina kabhoni yakawanda, kusiyanisa mabasa munzvimbo dziri kumahombekombe (semuenzaniso, kushanya kwekubata hove, shanduko yemuno kana mabasa ezvakatipoteredza) uye kuvandudzwa kwehupenyu hwevaya vanogara mugungwa nepamahombekombe.
Mitemo yeEU inoti, kubva muna 2021 kusvika 2027, EMFF yakavakirwa pazvinhu zvakakosha pakushanda: kukurudzira kubata hove kunoenderera mberi uye kudzoreredzwa kwezviwanikwa zvemumvurakutsigira mabasa ekurima hove uye kugadzirisa nekutengesa zvigadzirwa zvehove; kukurudzira hupfumi hwegungwa hunoenderera mberi munzvimbo dziri kumahombekombe, pazvitsuwa nepakati penyikauye kusimbisa kutonga kwemakungwa pasi rose, zvichibatsira mukuita kuti makungwa ave akachengeteka, akachena uye anotarisirwa zvine mutsigo.
EMFF isati yatanga, EU yakanga yatova nedzimwe mari chaiyo: iyo Mari yeKubata Hove dzeEurope (EFF) 2007-2013 and the Mari yeEuropean Mari yeMaritime and Fisheries (EMFF) 2014-2020Zvishandiso izvi zvakabatsira pakuchinja zvikepe, kuvandudza zvivakwa, zvirongwa zvekusiyanisa hupfumi, mapurojekiti ekuedza kubata hove, uye kudzidzisa nekutsigira kubata hove kwehunyanzvi.
Hukama huripo pakati pemutemo wekubata hove neSDG 14 "Hupenyu pasi pemvura"
Mutemo weEU wekubata hove haushande pasina chinhu: zviri pachena kuti wakabatana ne Chirongwa cheSangano reMubatanidzwa weNyika Dzepasi Pose cha2030 uye, kunyanya, kuSustainable Development Goal 14, inonzi "Hupenyu Pasi pemvura". SDG iyi ine chinangwa chekuchengetedza nekushandisa makungwa, makungwa nezviwanikwa zvemugungwa nenzira inochengetedza nharaunda, uye yakakamurwa kuita zvinangwa zvakanangana nekubata hove, kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza zvemugungwa.
Munyaya dzekubata hove, SDG 14 inoisa zvisungo zvakajeka. Target 14.4 inodaidzira kuti kudzora kubata hove zvinobudirira uye kugumisa kubata hove zvakanyanyakubata hove zvisiri pamutemo, zvisina kutaurwa uye zvisina mutemo (IUU), uye tsika dzinoparadza; uye kushandisa zvirongwa zvesainzi zvekutarisira hove kuti dzidzore hove nekukurumidza sezvinobvira. Nezve chinangwa 14.6, zvinoda kurambidza kana kubvisa rubatsiro runokurudzira kuwanda kwemari uye kubata hove zvakanyanyauye avo vanosimudzira hove zvisiri pamutemo, pamwe nekudzivirira rumwe rubatsiro rwerudzi irworwo.
Chinangwa 14.b, panguva iyi, chinoratidza kukosha kwe kuita kuti varedzi vehove vane hunyanzvi vakwanise kuwana mukana uyu kuzvinhu zvegungwa nemisika, vachiziva basa ravo guru mukuchengetedzwa kwechikafu, mabasa emunharaunda uye kuchengetedzwa kweruzivo rwechinyakare nezvegungwa.
EU neNhengo dzayo, mapato ari muChibvumirano cheUnited Nations cheMutemo weGungwa muna 1982 uye Chibvumirano cheHove dzeMugodhi muna 1995, vakazvipira zvakare ku kumisa kudzikira kwevanhu vazhinjiIzvi zvakasimbiswazve paWorld Summit on Sustainable Development muJohannesburg. Nokudaro, CPP inosanganisira zvakawanda zvezvisungo izvi zvepasi rose uye zvinozvishandura kuita zvisungo zvepamutemo zvemuno.
Zvinhu zvakaita sekuremekedza RMS, kurwisa kubata hove dzeIUU, kurambidzwa kwemamwe mabhenefiti ane njodzi, kusimbiswa kwekutonga, kusimudzirwa kwekubata hove dzehunyanzvi uye chikamu chepasi rose cheCFP ndiyo nzira iyo EU inoedza kuzadzisa, munharaunda yayo uye mumvura dzayo dzinofadza, zvinangwa zveSDG 14.
Mamiriro ezvinhu ezvipenyu zvegungwa: Mediterranean, Atlantic nekune dzimwe nzvimbo
Mamiriro ezvinhu e Nzvimbo dzegungwa dzeEurope uye pasi rose hazvina kuenzana zvachose. Zvichienderana neongororo dzakaitwa neEuropean Commission neEuropean Court of Auditors, kufambira mberi kukuru kwakaitwa mukubata hove kuAtlantic kwakawanda, uko huwandu hwemasheya anochengetwa padanho rinogara kwenguva refu hwakawedzera mumakore achangopfuura. Zvisinei, Mediterranean ichiri mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, nehuwandu hwekushandiswa hunowanzo peta kaviri huwandu hunoonekwa sehunogara huripo.
Gungwa reMediterranean, iro rine vanhu vanopfuura 10% yemarudzi egungwa anozivikanwa Kunyangwe ichigara pasi pe1% yegungwa repasi rose, ine dambudziko rekuwedzera kwezvinonetsa: kubata hove zvakanyanya kwemarudzi akawanda emhuka, kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kusvibiswa kubva pakudururwa kweropa uye mhando dzehove dzinopinda mugungwa dzakadai sehove yeLionfish kana kuti silver pufferfish. Kusanganiswa uku kunotyisidzira zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana pamwe neramangwana rezviuru zvemhuri dzinobata hove, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine tsika dzakasimba dzehunyanzvi, dzakadai semahombekombe eLevantine kana zvitsuwa zveMediterranean.
MuNortheast Atlantic nenzvimbo dzekuredza dzeIberia, mamiriro acho ezvinhu akanyanya kujeka. Kune rumwe rutivi, mamwe matanho aifanira kuitwa kuderedzwa kwemari uye zvirambidzo zvekuchengetedza zvipenyu zvemugungwa. Semuenzaniso, kudzikiswa kwe22% kwehuwandu hwemackerel muGungwa reCantabrian kwakakurudzirwa muna 2025, uye matanho ekudzivirira marudzi akadai semadolphin muBay of Biscay akasimbiswa, kusanganisira kurambidzwa kwekubata hove kwenguva pfupi uye kushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvinodzivirira acoustic (pingers).
Mune imwe pfungwa, mune mamwe mapoka evanhu vakatenderwa mikana yakawanda yekubatwa Mushure mekuona zviratidzo zvekupora: kuwedzera kusvika 23% yehove dzemugungwa uye 17% yehove dzemugungwa dziri mumvura dzeIberian Atlantic, kuwedzera kudiki kwe1% yehove dzemugungwa dziri muBay of Biscay, uye kuwedzera kukuru (134%) muhuwandu hwehove dzemuNorway kumaodzanyemba kweBay of Biscay neCantabrian Sea, nguva dzose tichitarisa kusapfuura mwero unochengetedza hupenyu.
Kunze kwemahombekombe eEurope, makungwa epasi rose anotamburawo ne kushandiswa zvakanyanya kwemari munyika dzichiri kusimukiraSemuenzaniso, kuWest Africa, zvibvumirano zvekuredza hove pakati peEU nenyika dzakadai seMauritania kana Senegal zvinobvumira zvikepe zveEurope kubata hove dzakawanda mumvura dzematunhu aya, izvo zvinogadzira kusawirirana kana manejimendi asina kujeka zvakakwana kana kuti mabhenefiti asina kugoverwa zvakaenzana kunharaunda dzemunharaunda.
Kuvapo kwezvikepe zvikuru zvisiri zveEU, zvakaita sezvikepe zvekuredza zvekuChina (zvine zvikepe zvinopfuura 16,000 zvinotsigirwa nemari), zvinokwikwidza munzvimbo idzi uye zvinowedzera kumanikidzwa kwezvakatipoteredza zvemugungwa, zvichiwedzera kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika nenyaya dze kubata hove zvisiri pamutemo munzvimbo dzakachengetedzwaKushandiswa kwemireza inorerutsa zvinhu pamwe chete nedzimwe tsika dzisina chokwadi imhando dzeizvi. Mienzaniso yenhoroondo yakadai sekudonha kwehove dzegungwa muNewfoundland inoshanda sechiyeuchidzo chemigumisiro yakaipa uye inogara kwenguva refu inogona kukonzerwa nekusateerera miganhu yezvisikwa zvegungwa.
Matanho eEurope ekuderedza kubata hove zvakanyanya uye kuvandudza kudzora
Kuti vagadzirise chokwadi ichi, EU yave ichibvumidza nhevedzano ye matanho ehunyanzvi uye ekutarisira Dare reMediterranean, semuenzaniso, reAgriculture and Fisheries Council rakasvika pakukurudzira kuderedzwa kukuru kwemazuva ekubata hove (kubva pa130 kusvika pa27 chete pagore) kune mamwe mabhiza ekubata hove, kunyangwe chibvumirano chisina kunyanya kuoma chakasvika, zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwetsika dzinochengetedza nguva.
Maitiro aya anosanganisira kushandiswa kwe Mesh yemativi mana nemashanu emamirimita mune zvimwe zvishandiso zvekukweva, uye 50 mm muzvikepe zvinoshanda zvakadzika zvikuru, nechinangwa chekurega mhando diki nemhuka dziri munjodzi dzichitiza, nokudaro zvichideredza kufa kwevana uye kubatwa kwemarudzi asiri iwo.
Pamwe chete, chisungo chekunyoresa zvinyorwa zve digitallyKushandiswa kwemasystem ekuona nzvimbo dzezvikepe (VMS, AIS, nezvimwe zvishandiso), uye mutoro wekubata hove dzisingadiwe kuti dziverengerwe zvichienderana nehuwandu hwezviyero. Zvishandiso izvi zvinobatsira kutarisa mabasa ekubata hove uye zvinobatsira kurwisa kubata hove zvisiri pamutemo uye nhema dzedata.
PPC inosimbirirawo pakukosha kwekusimbisa hurongwa hwekudzora uye hwezvirangokuitira kuti mitemo isarambe iri yekufungidzira chete. Zvisinei, European Commission pachayo inobvuma kuti kuchine kusasimba kukuru mukutevedzera chisungo chekusvika uye mukushandiswa kwezvirango zvinoshanda uye zvinodzivisa, zvichikonzerwa nekuramba kubva kune dzimwe Nhengo dzeNyika nedzimwe nhengo dzeindasitiri.
Dare reEuropean Court of Auditors rakasimbisa kuti, kunyangwe Network yenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzegungwa uye matanho ekuchengetedza yakakura Papepa, dziviriro yayo chaiyo "haina kudzika" nekuti kudzora hakugari kwakakwana uye nekuti tsika dzinoparadza dzakadai sekukweva pasi pegungwa dzichiri kukanganisa zvakanyanya chikamu chakakosha chegungwa reEurope, kusanganisira 43% yesherufu yegungwa repasi pegungwa uye 79% yegungwa repamhenderekedzo yegungwa.
Basa reSpain uye kusawirirana pakati pezvikepe zvemaindasitiri nekubata hove kwehunyanzvi
Spain ine nzvimbo huru mumutemo wekubata hove muEurope. Ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo vatambi vakakosha pasi rose mukubata hove nekurima gungwa Uye, panguva imwe chete, ndeimwe yenyika dzine mutoro mukuru wekuchengetedza mvura yemugungwa nezviwanikwa zvehupenyu, kunyanya muAtlantic neMediterranean. Ngarava dzayo, idzo dzakakura muEU maererano nehuwandu hwematani, dzakagara dzichigadzira hurukuro pamusoro pezvikamu nezvibvumirano nenyika dzechitatu.
Mitemo yekare yerubatsiro uye sarudzo dzezvematongerwo enyika zvakakurudzira kukura kwe zvikepe zvikuru zvemaindasitiri zvegungwa gurunekukwanisa kushanda kure nemahombekombe eEurope, nepo kubata hove mumahombekombe nekwechinyakare kwaiwanzoderedzwa. Maitiro aya akadzokororwawo mumitemo yeEU, nemigumisiro yezvakatipoteredza nemagariro: kubata hove zvakanyanya, kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya munzvimbo dzekuredza dziri kure, uye kushomeka kukuru kwekubata hove dzehunyanzvi.
Mushure mekupedza kana kukuvadza zviwanikwa zvakawanda zviri pedyo, chikamu chezvikepe zveEurope chakatamira kumvura dzedzimwe nyika kuburikidza nezvibvumirano zvenyika mbiri uye kutora chikamu muRFMOs. Vatsoropodzi vemasangano akaita seGreenpeace vanoti "maitiro aya akaipa" akakundikana... kuderedza kuwanda kwesimba munguva uye zvakakonzera migumisiro yakaipa yezvakatipoteredza, hupfumi uye magariro evanhu, kunyanya munharaunda dzemahombekombe eAfrica.
Munzvimbo dzakadai seGalicia, uko Kubata hove mumahombekombe uye mumabasa emaoko kunotora chikamu chinodarika 80% chezvikepe zvegungwa Uye sezvo dunhu iri riri iro rinosvika 42% yehuwandu hwenyika, mitemo mitsva yeEurope inowanzoonekwa sechirango chisina kururama. Kuderedzwa kwemazuva ekubata hove, kudzikira kwezviyero, uye kuwedzera kwekutonga kunowedzera mari yekushanda uye zvinoita kuti zviome kukwikwidzana nezvikepe zvemaindasitiri zvakakura, zvine mari iri nani zvine mukana wekuchinja.
Mari inodiwa kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa zvitsva—kuisa masisitimu ekutevera, zvishandiso zvekuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, kugadzirisa kuchengetedzeka uye michina yekubata hove—inogona kusvika 90,000 euros pachikepe chimwe nechimweIyi inhamba yakakura kwazvo kune varidzi vezvikepe zvidiki vazhinji. Hazvishamisi kuti kuratidzira kwawanda muzviteshi zvakaita seVigo neA Coruña, uko vabati vehove vanonyunyuta kuti mutoro wekutonga nehupfumi hauna kukwana kana usina rutsigiro rwakakwana rwemari.
Zvinodiwa nemasangano everuzhinji nebazi rezvekubata hove zvine mwero we100%
Masangano ezvakatipoteredza nevamwe vari muindasitiri yekubata hove vanoti pachine mukana wakakura wekuvandudza. kuti hove dzirambe dzichishanda kwenguva refu uye zvakanaka. Semuenzaniso, Greenpeace yakaisa zvinodiwa mumakore anotevera nechinangwa chekufambira mberi kune nzira yekubata hove inochengetedza zvizere iyo inobvumira kudzoreredzwa kwehove uye kuchengetedza mararamiro anovimba nadzo.
Pakati pezvikumbiro izvi pane kuongororwa kwakarongeka kwemasheya uye kugona kwezvikepeKuti basa rekubata hove rienderane nechokwadi chezviwanikwa, chikumbiro ichi chinoda kuderedza kuwanda kwezvishandiso zvekubata hove, kushandura zvishandiso zvekubata hove zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya kuita nzira dzakasarudzwa, uye kugadzira hurongwa hwekugovera huwandu hunofunga nezvemamiriro ekunze uye ebasa, kwete zvenhoroondo chete kana zvehupfumi chete.
Imwe nzira huru yekudiwa ndeye kuwedzera kujeka Nezveruzivo nezvezviwanikwa, huwandu hwezvikepe zvinotakura hove, rubatsiro rweveruzhinji, huwandu hwezviwanikwa zvakagoverwa, uye kunyoreswa kwezvikepe, zvakakosha kuti veruzhinji nevabati vehove vazive kuti ndiani ari kubata hove chii, kupi, uye nerutsigiro rwupi rweveruzhinji. Zvinodiwa kuti mari yekubatsira vanhu iendeswe zvakanyanya kuhove dzinochengetedza nharaunda uye kutsvagurudza kwesainzi pamusoro penzvimbo yegungwa, pane kutsigira nzira dzekushandisa hove dzisingagadzirisike.
Zvibvumirano zvekuredza zvinotsigirwawo kururamisira uye kuva nemhosva nenyika dzechitatu, dzinofanira kusanganisira zvisungo zvakajeka zvekuchengetedza nharaunda uye nzira dzinoshanda dzekudzora, pamwe nekurwisa zvakasimba kubata hove zvisiri pamutemo mumhando dzadzo dzese. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuranga varidzi vezvikepe, makambani, kana hurumende dzinobatsira kana kushivirira maitiro ekubata hove asingagari, uye kuvandudza network yenzvimbo dzekuchengetedza hove dzemugungwa nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa.
Chekupedzisira, zvinoonekwa zvakakosha kuzivisa mutengi zviri nani uye kugadzirisa kunyora mazita ezvigadzirwa zvehovesaka kusarudza hove kubva muhove dzinogara kwenguva refu hakusi kufungidzira, asi chisarudzo chine ruzivo uye chiri nyore. Chinodiwa chakasiyana-siyana ndechekuti Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) nedzimwe mitemo yeEU zvibatanidze zvakanyanya manzwi evabati vehove vane hunyanzvi uye nharaunda dzemahombekombe mukuita sarudzo.
Kuongorora kwePPC: kufambira mberi, zvikanganiso uye gakava pamusoro pekugadzirisa kwayo
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, European Commission pachayo yakaburitsa gwaro rekuti kuongororwa kweMutemo weKubata Hove weCommon Fisheries izvo zvinosimbisa chimwe chinhu chakajeka: kana CFP ikashandiswa zvakanaka, huwandu hwehove hunodzoka uye nharaunda dziri mumahombekombe dzinobatsirwa; matambudziko anomuka kana mitemo isingatevedzwi kana kudzorwa nemazvo.
Ongororo yenharaunda inoratidza zvinhu zvakati wandei. Chekutanga, inoratidza mhedzisiro dzakasiyana kwazvo pakati pekubata hoveKuvandudzwa kwakaitwa muAtlantic, nepo mamiriro ezvinhu muMediterranean achiri kunetseka zvikuru. Chechipiri, kutevedzera mutemo wekudzika kwendege kuchiri kuderera, nekuda kwekuramba kubva kune dzimwe Nhengo dzeNyika pamwe neindasitiri kugamuchira zvizere danho iri.
Nzvimbo yechitatu: maitiro ekubata hove anoparadza ari kuenderera mberi nzvimbo dzegungwa dzinovhiringidza Idzi inzvimbo dzinonyanya kuomera. Kubata hove pasi pegungwa, kunyanya, kuri kuramba kuchikanganisa chikamu chikuru chegungwa reEurope, pasinei nezvirambidzo zviripo. Chechina, kunyangwe huwandu hwengarava dziri mungarava dzeEU hwaderera, kugona kwedzimwe ngarava dzenyika kuri kuramba kuchisvika pamiganhu yepamusoro yepamutemo.
Cheshanu, ongororo yacho inoshora kunetseka kusavapo kwekujeka uye ruzivo rwakakwanaIzvi zvinokanganisa kunaka kwemazano esainzi. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka munyaya dzerubatsiro: kunyangwe CFP ichivavarira kubvisa rubatsiro runokuvadza (rwakadai serwekuvaka ngarava itsva kana kuwedzera kugona), chibvumirano chepasi rose pamusoro pekutonga kwerubatsiro urwu hachisati chasvika pasi rose.
Kune rumwe rutivi rwakanaka, Komisheni inocherechedza kufambira mberi mu kukurudzirwa kwekubata hove dzemhando yepamusoro nedzechikero chidikiIzvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nerutsigiro rweEMFF nemari yakatangira mapurojekiti akasiyana-siyana anotungamirwa nevabati vehove, kusanganisira vechidiki vari kupinda mubasa iri. Uyezve, zvinozivikanwa kuti zvimwe zvikamu zvehutongi uye kubatanidzwa kwevane chekuita nazvo zvave nani, kunyangwe kufambira mberi kukuru kuchichiri kuitwa padanho remunharaunda neredunhu.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, dzimwe Nhengo dzeNyika dzakakurudzira pfungwa yekuti vhurazve PPC uye kugadzirisa zvinhu zvayo zvekutanga. Nyanzvi dzezvemitemo nemasangano akadai seClientEarth vanoyambira kuti kuvhura bhokisi raPandora rekuchinja kukuru kutsva ikozvino kunogona kureva makore ekusava nechokwadi uye njodzi yekushayisa simba hurongwa huripo, pachinzvimbo chekutarisa pane zvavanoona sezvinhu zvinokosha: kuvandudza kuita uye kutevedzera mitemo yemitemo iripo, kusimbisa kutonga, uye kunangidzira bhajeti rinotevera reEU kuchinjiro yakarurama kuenda kuhove dzisingakanganisi zvakanyanya.
Kubva pamaonero emutemo, zvinosimbiswa kuti PPC inoramba iri chishandiso chikuru chekutarisira chiwanikwa chezvisikwa zvakafananaDambudziko guru harisi mutemo mukuru asi kushaikwa kwenzira dzinoshanda dzekutyora mitemo dzinopesana neHurumende dzisingashandise nemazvo: mumakore achangopfuura, huwandu hwenzira dzakadaro dzine chekuita nebasa remugungwa nerekubata hove hwave hwakaderera zvinoshamisa.
Saka, hurukuro iri kuenderera mberi inotarisa kuti tinganyatsoona sei kuti CFP yaitwa pamatanho ese, kuti tingabatanidza sei zviri nani EU Oceans Act iri kuuya, uye kuti tingashandisa sei hurongwa hwemari hunotevera hwemakore akawanda kuita vimbiso yakasimba yekuti nharaunda dzegungwa dzine hutano uye nharaunda dzemahombekombe dzakasimbapasina kukanganisa kukwikwidzana kwechikamu ichi.
Mutemo wekubata hove, pakupedzisira, unofamba pakati pekusawirirana nguva dzose: kudzivirira makungwa kubva mukubatwa hove zvakanyanya, kusvibiswa, uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze; kuve nechokwadi chekuti varedzi vehove vadiki havadzvinyirirwi nehutungamiriri kana makwikwi kubva kuzvikepe zvikuru; uye kuchengetedza huwandu hwakagadzikana hwehove kune veruzhinji. Zvishandiso izvi zviripo zvakanyanya—Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), mari yakaita seEuropean Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF), Sustainable Development Goal 14, kutarisa, uye kutsvagisa kwesainzi—asi kushanda kwazvo kunoenderana nechido chechokwadi chekuzviita, kuteerera avo vanovimba negungwa, uye kubvuma kuti pasina Pasina gungwa rakanaka, hapana ramangwana rekubata hove kana nharaunda dzinoritsigira..
