Sarudzo iyi haingogumisi chete hondo pamusoro pe muridzi uye kwaunoenda Chirongwa ichi hachingochengetedzi boka iri rekare chete asiwo chinovhura chitsauko chitsva chemonasteri yeMonegros, iri kugadzirira kugamuchira mifananidzo munzvimbo inodzorwa nemamiriro ekunze yakagadziridzwa zvinoenderana nemitemo yekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Zvese izvi zviri kuitika pakati pemakakatanwa anosanganisira nharo dzehunyanzvi, pfungwa dzenhaka, uye kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika pakati pemasangano eAragonese neCatalan.
Imba yemamongi yakamirira mifananidzo yayo yemadziro
Mumoyo weLos Monegros, Royal Monastery ye Mariya Musande weSijena Iri kupedzisa kushandurwa kwayo kuita imba yakapendwa zvakare yakasiya madziro ayo anenge makore zana apfuura. Chapter House, nzvimbo yakakura ine mativi mana yakakomberedzwa nemaberere mashanu akaenzana nemadziro ematombo makobvu, parizvino haina kushongedza kwakapendwa, asi ine kudzora kwakasimba kwechiedza, tembiricha, uye hunyoro.
Vakuru veAragonese vanosimbirira kuti kugara kwemuAragonese ikozvino kunogona kutariswa, zvachose, se nzvimbo yakakwana yekuratidzwa kuti basa riitwe. Mishumo yehunyanzvi yakaendeswa kudare reHuesca inotsanangura zvakadzama nezvekutonga kwemamiriro ekunze, kugadzikana kwezvakatipoteredza uye mamiriro chaiwo akaitwa mukamuri, akagadzirirwa kugadzirazve mamiriro ekutanga emifananidzo yacho.
Chirongwa chemiziyamu hachingogumiri pakungodzoka kwemifananidzo yacho chete. Hurumende yeAragon inotaura nezvekushanya mune ramangwana kunenge "Ã la carte," ne mapoka madiki evanhu gumi kana gumi nevashanu maminitsi gumi nemashanu ega ega, kuitira kuchengetedza mifananidzo uye kukurudzira ruzivo rweRomanesque complex rwuri nyore uye rwakanyatsonaka.
Chikamu chemamongi chatove chichishanda semiziyamu, nemakamuri aimbova—akadai sedzimba dzekurara—akachinjwa kuita magarari anoratidza zvidimbu zvakawanikwa pazvitoro kana kubva kune mamwe mamiziyamu. Kugadziriswa uku, ukoshi hwemaeuro anodarika mamiriyoni matanhatu, chinangwa ndechekudzosera zvishoma nezvishoma imba yemamongi kumbiri yayo yekare. pfuma yakapararira uye inozvibatanidza senzvimbo yenhaka yeCrown of Aragon.
Dombo reRomantic rakaratidzwa nemoto nekudzingwa
Mifananidzo yemadziro iri muChapter House yeSijena yakaitirwa muzana remakore rechi13 uye kwemazana emakore yairatidza kushongedzwa kwemavara akawanda Mufananidzo wemvura wakanyorwa naValentin Carderera, wegore ra1848, unopupurira kupfuma kwechromatic uye huwandu hwemifananidzo yeboka iri, izvo zvakaita kuti monastery ive imwe yenzvimbo dzakakosha dzehunyanzvi dzeCrown of Aragon.
Mifananidzo yakagadzira purogiramu yakazara yemifananidzo ine mifananidzo kubva muTestamente Yekare muzvidimbu zvemaarches: Adhamu naEvha vari muParadhisoKuedzwa nekudzingwa, Areka yaNoa, Kaini naAbheri, chibayiro chaIsaka, mifananidzo yaMosesi naAroni, kunamatwa kwemhuru yegoridhe, mahwendefa eMutemo, uye kuzodzwa kwaDhavhidhi naSamueri zvaiva pakati pezviitiko zvakaratidzwa. Pamadziro ekumaodzanyemba paiva nezviitiko zvinobva muTestamente Itsva, kusanganisira kurovererwa pamuchinjikwa kunoyevedza.
Nhoroondo yemifananidzo iyi yakachinja zvikuru muna 1936. Pakati peHondo yeVanhu, imba yemamongi yakapiswa nemasoja eAnarchist uye Chapter House yakatambura nekupisa kwakanyanya kwakakanganisa chimiro chemakemikari chezvinhu zvekupenda. Nzvimbo huru yepakutanga yakapiswa chose., nekurasikirwa kusingadzoreki.
Vachitarisana nenjodzi iyi, mugadziri wezvivako uye munyori wenhoroondo Josep Gudiol akaenda kuimba yemamongi senhengo yeGeneralitat's Heritage Rescue Service. Basa rake raive rekuponesa zvakasara zvemufananidzo wemadziro achishandisa nzira ye strappoMaitiro aya anobvumira kuti pendi iparadzaniswe nerutsigiro rwayo rwemadziro. Kuti izvi zviitike, machira edonje ane glue akaiswa pamusoro pemifananidzo, iyo, kana yaoma, yaibviswa nokungwarira yoiswa kune dzimwe nzvimbo itsva.
Zvidimbu izvi, zvakatokuvara zvakanyanya uye zvakanga zvatove zvisina kugadziriswa, zvakatanga kuendeswa kunzvimbo yekushandira yaGudiol uye gare gare, muna 1940, kuMuseu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya (MNAC). Kubva ipapo, zvave zvichiratidzwa muunganidzwa wemifananidzo yeRomanesque yepakati pekare yeMNAC, mukamuri remukati risina mukana wekupinda zvakananga kumberi kwekunze, rakagadzirirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti kugadzikana kukuru kwemamiriro ekunze.
Kupamba kana kununura zvinhu?
Kusawirirana kukuru pakati peAragon neCatalonia kwakavakirwa pakupinda ikoko muna 1936. Kune vakuru veAragonese, kutanga uye kuchengetwa kwemari kunotevera Kubviswa kwemifananidzo kubva kuBarcelona kwaireva kupambwa, kutora nhaka yemumwe munhu zvisiri pamutemo. Zvisinei, MNAC yagara ichitaura kuti yaive nzira chaiyo yekununura yakabvumira kuti zvisaririra zvirambe zviripo kusvika nhasi.
Kupfuura kududzirwa kwezvematongerwo enyika kana tsika kwezviitiko izvozvo, nhasi pane kubvumirana kukuru: mifananidzo iyi ndeyehurumende yeAragonese, kunyanya yedunhu re Villanueva de SijenaZvisarudzo zvedare munguva pfupi yapfuura zvakadzokororazve kuva muridzi wezvinhu izvi uye zvakaramba mukana wekuti pave nekuvhurwazve kwenhaurirano iyi yekuva muridzi wezvinhu, iyo yave ichienderera mberi kubvira pakati pezana remakore rechi20.
Zvisinei, kusawirirana uku kwave nechiratidzo chakasimba. Kubva kuAragon, mamwe mapoka esangano reCatalan rekuzvitonga ari kupomerwa mhosva yekuedza... kune zviratidzo zvakakodzera uye pfuma yakabatana nenhoroondo yakafanana yeCrown of Aragon neSpain. Kune rumwe rutivi, vamiriri veCatalan vanoti MNAC yave ichizadzisa basa rayo rekuchengetedza kwemakumi emakore uye kuti chero kutamiswa kupi zvako kunosanganisira njodzi dzakakomba kune mapuranga asina kusimba zvakanyanya.
Kusawirirana kwenhaka uku kunowedzera nekuvapo kwemamwe mabasa anobva kuSijena, akadai seaya anozivikanwa se mifananidzo isina kuchena uye midziyo yakawanda yemumba, muzana remakore rechi20, yakabva mumonastery kuburikidza nekutengesa, kuisa mari, kana kutamiswa kuenda kumamuseum eCatalan. Chikamu chenhaka iyi chakatodzokera kuAragon; chimwe chikamu chinoramba chiri nyaya yezvikumbiro nekutaurirana.
Mutongo wekupedzisira uye nguva yepamusoro yemavhiki makumi mashanu nematanhatu
Chinjo huru yakauya nekupiwa mutongo we Dare Repamusorosoro ra2025Dare rakasimbisa zvakasimba kuti mifananidzo yemadziro ine 132 square metres inofanira kudzoserwa panzvimbo yayo yekutanga. Dare repamusoro rakatsigira mitongo yapfuura uye rakaramba nyaya dzakakwidzwa neMNAC (National Art Museum of Catalonia) nehurumende yeCatalan, richiti museum yeCatalan inofanira kutora zvese kuronga kutamiswa kwenzvimbo iyi pamwe nemari inoenderana nayo.
Zvisinei, chimwe chinhu chikuru chakasara chichitsanangurwa: iyo purogiramu yekushandiswaHurumende yeAragon yakatsigira nguva yemavhiki makumi maviri nemasere yekupedzisa maitiro aya, ukuwo vakuru veMNAC vakakurudzira mavhiki makumi matanhatu nemana, vachiti kudiwa kwekutanga kwezvidzidzo, kuongorora njodzi, uye kupindira kwakanyatsonaka pakutsigira pendi.
Pakupedzisira, Mutongi RocÃo Pilar Vargas weDare reKutanga uye Kuferefeta Kwekutanga Nhamba 2 reHuesca akaisa nguva yepakati: mavhiki makumi mashanu nematanhatu kubva pakuziviswa kwemutongo. Nguva iyi, iri pedyo nepfungwa yeCatalan asi inoderedza nguva inotarisirwa nemavhiki masere, yaonekwa se nguva yakakura kuti basa ritange nekukurumidza uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti basa rinotamiswa zvakachengeteka.
Mutongi akataura zvakajeka kuti chinangwa chekuurayiwa kwemutongo hachigone kurerutswa: chine chekuita ne kudzoserwa mari inoshanda yemifananidzo kuenda kuMonastery yeSijena. Mukutonga kwayo, inoyeuchidza kuti kugona kwehunyanzvi hwekutamiswa uku kwakatoratidzwa muzvisungo zvekare, uye kuti Chapter House parizvino inosangana nemamiriro ezvinhu anodiwa kuti ishande senzvimbo yakakodzera yekuratidzira zvinhu izvi.
Kukundikana kuzadzisa nguva yakatarwa, kunyangwe kungave kuri chikamu chimwe chete kana kukanganisa chikamu chimwe chete chemaitiro acho, kuchaita kuti Hurumende yeAragon ikwanise kuita yega, zvisinei, pamutengo weMNACMutongi anodawo kuti miziyamu ipe zvikonzero zvinotevedzana uye zvakanyorwa zvechikamu chimwe nechimwe chiri muhurongwa hwayo, kuitira kudzivirira chero mafambiro ekudzikamisa kana "kupfura mafirita" nenzira yemaitiro.
Maitiro akaomarara ehunyanzvi, azere nematanho ekudzivirira
Seri kwemifananidzo nemirau yedare pane chokwadi chinonzwisisika: mifananidzo yeSijena iri muchimiro che " mamiriro ekuchengetedza asina kusimba zvakanyanyaMishumo yekuchengetedza zvinhu kubva kuMNAC neInternational Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM) inotsanangura hurongwa hwakaoma hwezvikamu, mhedzisiro yemoto, kubviswa kwawo uye makumi emakore ezvirongwa zvinotevera.
Pendi yekutanga, yakatetepa zvikuru—iri pakati pema microns matatu nematanhatu, kureva kuti, inenge hafu yemirimita—inotsamira pane zvasara zvemukaka necalcium glue, chimiro cheplaster, uye zvikamu zvakati wandei zvejira redonje zvakashandiswa panguva ye strappo. Zviratidzo zveglue kubva pakubviswa kwayo zvinoramba zviripo pamusoro. Chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi chinoita zvakasiyana zvichikonzerwa nekuchinja kwetembiricha, hunyoro, kudedera, kana mafambiro emuviri.
Zvichienderana nedata rakapihwa neDhipatimendi reKugadzirisa reMNAC, anenge Mapoinzi mazana manomwe ane kusimudza pendi uye mitsweKuronga kukuvara uku kunoda kushanda nesimba sendimita imwe neimwe, kubatanidza nzvimbo dzisina kugadzikana uye kusimbisa zvinotsigira usati wafunga nezvekubviswa kwechinhu.
Kutamiswa kwakarongwa kunoonekwa sebasa guru, rinoda kupindira kwakarongeka kwenyanzvi muinjiniya, kuchengetedza, kugadzirisa, kemesitiri, uye fizikisi. Sarudzo yeAragonese inosanganisira... kamura seti kuita zvidimbu makumi manomwe nembiri, kuputsa kwaizotevedzera hurongwa hwaishandiswa kuisa mifananidzo yemadziro mumuseum yeBarcelona uye kwaizobvumira kuti pani yega yega ishandiswe nekudzora kukuru.
MNAC inosimbirira kuti chinangwa chayo ndechekutevedzera mutongo wacho, asi inosimbisa kuti "maitiro" ekuita izvi pasina kuisa mabasa ehunyanzvi panjodzi haana kunyatsotsanangurwa. Sangano iri rinoti mamwe mashoko enyanzvi akataurwa panguva yekunzwa kweDare Repamusorosoro—apo mukana wekutama wakabvumwa—akadudzirwa pasina kujekesa kuti kukuvara kwaitarisirwa kunze kwekunge matanho ekuchengetedza akasimbiswa. Pasinei nekusagutsikana uku, mutongo wedare wekupedzisira unoona gakava pamusoro pekuti chiito ichi chingaitwa sei rakagadziriswa.
Komisheni yehunyanzvi, nguva yekupedzisira uye kutonga kwematare
Mutongi muHuesca anosiya mukana wakavhurika wekuumbwa kwe komiti yehunyanzvi yakabatanaIzvi zvaive chimwe chinhu chakakumbirwa neVillanueva de Sijena Town Council neMNAC pachayo. Dare iri rinofanira kunge riine nyanzvi dzakabvumiranwa nemativi ese, pamwe chete nevamiriri veBazi reTsika kana mamwe masangano akazvimirira, uye basa rayo raizova rekutsanangura zvakanyatsonaka nzira nemaitiro ekuputsa, kutakura, uye kugadzirazve.
Chero zvazvingava, basa rekomisheni iyoyo harigone kuwedzera nguva yekupedzisira yemavhiki makumi mashanu nematanhatu. Mutongo wedare unosimbisa kuti MNAC inofanira kuratidza, nhanho nhanho, kutevedzera chikamu chimwe nechimwe chenguva yayo, kubva pa kuongororwa kwenjodzi dzezvakatipoteredza uye dzemaumbirwo zvichidzika kusvika pakusarudzwa kwemasystem ekurongedza, ekutakura uye ekuunganidza muChapter House.
Musati maisa nguva iyi, musiyamu weCatalan wakataura nezve mukana wekuti Spanish Cultural Heritage Institute (IPCE) iburitse mushumo pamusoro pekuti kutama kwacho kwaizoitwa sei. Mutongi, parizvino, anoona zvisina kukodzera kuwana pfungwa yakadaro, sezvo IPCE iri sangano rinovimba neBazi reTsika, iro riri chikamu chebhodhi revatariri veMNAC, uye nekudaro rinogona kuonekwa se sangano rechikamuZvisinei, haarambidze kuenda kuIPCE gare gare.
Mukupindura kunyunyuta kweCatalan, Hurumende yeAragon inoti ine mishumo yayo inotsigira kugadzikana kwemakemikari Mamiriro aripo pari zvino emifananidzo iyi uye kugona kwayo kutsungirira kutamiswa kwakarongwa zvakanaka. Sekureva kwevanobva kuAragon, magwaro aya ari mumaoko edare uye anonzi anotsanangura zvese kukuvara kuripo uye kugona kwekushanda kwayo, chero bedzi mapoka ehunyanzvi achishanda pamwe chete.
Kana mifananidzo yasvika muAragon, danho idzva richatanga: kusimbisa mamiriro ayo pakusvika uye kuita chero basa rekubatanidza kana kugadzirisa rinoenderana vasati vaiswa mumonastery. Vakuru vedunhu vanosimbirira kuti havazoiti izvozvo. "mhanya usati wagona kufamba" uye kuti chinhu chikuru chichava kuchengetedzeka kwemabasa kupfuura chero nguva yekuvhura veruzhinji.
Kukanganisa kwenharaunda, kushanya uye kuchengetedzwa kwenhaka
MuVillanueva de Sijena, maitiro aya anoonekwa nemusanganiswa wekushingaira kwakadzora uye kungwarira. Kuna meya, José Jaime Castellón, kudzoreredza mifananidzo yemadziro panzvimbo yayo yekutanga kuchamirira kukwira kwepamusoro-soro mukukwezva kwevashanyi yeguta, ine vagari vashoma chete. Zvinotarisirwa kuti kuuya kwevashanyi kuchasimudzira mabasa matsva ehupfumi uye kusimbisa kuzivikanwa kwenzvimbo dzayo maererano nenhaka yayo.
Ildefonso Salillas, meya kwemakore makumi maviri nemana uye simba guru rakaita kuti pave nekukokwa kwekutanga kwekugadziriswa kwemabasa, akaonawo rwendo urwu zvakananga. Ndangariro dzake dzakabatana neimba yemamongi yakazara nezvidimbu zvakapararira zvino: semuenzaniso, anoyeuka, Chifananidzo chekuzvarwa kwaJesu chine ngamera dzesirivha izvo zvinongosara kamwana kadiki kane Jesu Mucheche. Kunzwa uku kwekurasikirwa kunotsanangura, muchikamu, kushingirira kwakaita nharaunda kuti idzoserwe nhaka yayo.
Hurumende yeAragon inosimbisa kuti madziro emadziro anogona kunzwisiswa zvizere chete kana akatariswa mukati mehurongwa hwekuvaka hweChapter House. Sekureva kwevakuru vetsika, ruzivo rwakawanikwa muSijena harugoni kuenzaniswa nekuona zvidimbu zviri pamapaneru mugarari yemiziyamu, zvisinei nekuti kuratidzwa kwaro kwakarurama sei. mharidzo yemuseum muBarcelona.
MNAC, iyo iri chikamu chayo, inodzokorora kuti chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekuvimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwenguva refu kwemabasa ayo ainodzivirira. Kubva pamaonero aya, yagara ichiti nzvimbo iripo inopa mamiriro akanaka uye kuti njodzi huru haisi yepamutemo, asi ine chekuita nezvinhu: a kutamiswa zvisina kurongwa zvakanaka Zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kusingadzoreki mumapendi akatopiswa, akabviswa mavanga, uye akachinja makemikari zvakanyanya.
Kusawirirana kuripo pakati pemaonero maviri aya kuri pakati pechishuwo chechokwadi chenharaunda chekudzosa nhaka yayo uye kungwara kwekuchengetedza kwesangano guru remiziyamu. Zvisinei, mativi ese anobvumirana pane chimwe chinhu: chinangwa chikuru ndechekuti mifananidzo isvike kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera zviri mumamiriro akanakisa, zvisinei nenzvimbo yavo yekupedzisira.
Chiratidzo cheKorona yeAragon uye chekushandira pamwe kuripo
Kupfuura kunaka kwayo kweunyanzvi, mifananidzo yemadziro yeSijena ine huremu hunoshamisa hwekufananidzira. Chitsauko cheImba chakabatana ne kubwinya kwemasangano yeCrown of Aragon uye nekwakabva nyika yemazuva ano iri pachitsuwa ichi. Kuhurumende yeAragonese, kubatanidza madziro munzvimbo iyoyo yekuvaka kuchaita kuti vanhu vanzwisise zvizere kukosha kwawo kwenhoroondo nezvematongerwo enyika.
Mutongo wedare unotara mavhiki makumi mashanu nematanhatu unoratidzawo kukosha kwekuremekedza kodzero dzetsika dzenharaunda dzinozvitonga uye kutonga kwemutemo mukutarisira midziyo yakagovaniswa. MuAragon, mutongo uyu unodudzirwa sekutsigira kwemakore ebasa repamutemo nehunyanzvi, nepo muCatalonia, zvikumbiro zvekuongororwazve kwenyaya zvakaziviswa. Zvikumbiro izvi hazvimisi kuitiswa kwemutongo asi zvinotsvaga kujekesa zvimwe zvikamu zvemuitiro wacho.
Zvichakadaro, nyaya yakamhan'arwa neVaimbova Makurukota eTsika eGeneralitat kuDare Repamusoro reJustice reAragon vachipomera mutongi muHuesca nevakuru vakasiyana-siyana vekuAragonese iri kuenderera mberi, vachiti kutamiswa kwenyaya iyi kunogona kuita semhosva. mhosva yakanangana nenhaka yenhoroondoChikumbiro ichi chinosanganisira matanho ekudzivirira kumisa zviito zvine chekuita nekuitwa kwechirongwa ichi, kunyangwe pari zvino nguva yakatarwa ichiripo.
Pasinei nekusawirirana uku, Hurumende yeAragon inosimbirira pashoko rekushandira pamwe: Catalonia inozviona se "nharaunda yehanzvadzi" izvo zvavanogovana nazvo nhoroondo, yazvino, uye yeramangwana. Vakuru veAragonese vanozviti vanoda kushanda pamwe chete neGeneralitat neMNAC pabasa rehunyanzvi, nguva dzose vari mukati mehurongwa hwakatangwa nematare uye vasingakanganisi kuvimbika kwenhaka yaSijena.
Kana nguva yakatarwa nematare yapera, uye kana pasina chakaipa, mifananidzo yacho yaiswa zvakare muChapter House, imba yemamongi inenge yavhara chitsauko chemakore anoda kusvika zana chakanyorwa nekusavapo, moto, kutengesa, uye zvichemo zvepamutemo. mifananidzo yemadziro yaSijena Hazvizongochinji chete tsika dzeguta diki muLos Monegros, asi zvichasiyawo senhaka chidzidzo chakaoma chekuti Europe nhasi inotarisana sei nekudzorerwa, kuchengetedzwa uye kutungamirirwa kwenhaka yayo yekare isina kusimba zvakanyanya.
