Wakambozvibvunza here kuti ingani mhuka dziri munyika dzakashanduka kuita mafekitori echokwadi ekunhuhwirira kwakanyanya? Kungava nokuda kwedziviriro, kurukurirano, kana kuti tsaona chaiyoiyo yomusikirwo, zvose zviri zviviri mhuka nemiti zvakakura nzira dzemakemikari dzinoshamisa kubva pakunhuwa kwakanyanyisa kusvika kuzvinhu zvisingadzivisiki kune zvimwe zvipenyu. Kunze kweiyo anecdote yakapfava, kunhuhwirira kwakanyanya kunozadzisa mabasa akakosha mumagariro ecosystem uye kune zvakawanda zvekutiudza nezve hupenyu hwePasi.
Ipapo Ngatinyure murwendo runonakidza rwemhuka (nezvimwe zvirimwa). kuti uwane kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwezviitiko zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zvesimba, zvisingafadzi, zvinoshamisa, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange kunhuhwirira kunobatsira. Gadzirira kuona kuti pfungwa, chemistry, uye kupona zvakabatanidzwa sei nenzira dzaungasafungidzira.
Simba rekunhuwa munyika yemhuka
Muzvisikwa, Kunhuwa chinhu chakakosha pakupona. Zvisikwa zvakawanda zvakashanduka kuti zvishandise kunhuhwirira senzira yekudzivirira, senzira yepamberi yekutaurirana, kana kutoona kuberekana. Kunhuhwirira kwakanyanya kunogona kuva chombo chinouraya, yambiro, kana kuti kumuka kusingadzivisiki., zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu uye marudzi. Kubva pamillipedes kusvika kumhuka huru dzinoyamwisa, shiri kusvika kune zvinomera, huwandu hwemazano ekunhuhwirira hwakakura sezvahusina kujairika.
Nheyo yeiyi inonhuhwirira kazhinji mu kubuda kwemakemikari anoputika. Zvinhu izvi zvinofema zviri nyore uye zvinofamba nemumhepo, zvichiyambira zvikara, kukwezva shamwari, kana kudzinga tupukanana. Asi ndeapi madzimambo ekunhuhwirira kwakashata mumasikirwo? Pazasi, tinokuzivisa iwe kune vamwe vanonyanya kuzivikanwa protagonists.
Mhuka dzine fetid nzira dzekudzivirira
Kana tichitaura nezvemhuka dzinozivikanwa nekunhuwa kwadzo. skunk zvinotora mukurumbira pasi rose. Zvinenge zvisingabviri kusabatanidza iyi mhuka duku inoyamwisa nepfapfaidzo yayo inotyiwa. Skunks vane maglands anokosha ari pedyo ne anus inokwanisa kupfura musanganiswa we sulfuric thiols (zvinhu zvinosvota zvakafanana zvinochemedza kana uchicheka hanyanisi) uri kure nemamita anopfuura maviri. Mhedzisiro: kutadza kufema, hupofu hwechinguvana, uye nguva yakakwana yekuti skunk inzeve zvakachengeteka. Kudzora tsandanyama dzavo kwakanaka kwazvo zvokuti vanogona kunyatsonangisa maziso evanovarwisa.. Zvirokwazvo, vashoma vanoshinga kunetsa vadiki ava.
Havasi ivo voga. Munyika yeshiri, the green tree hoopoe, yakaberekerwa kuAfrica, inoshandisa muswe wayo kudzinga tsvina inonhuwa kana ichinge ichityisidzirwa, ichinangana nevavengi vayo uye kuburitsa cocktail yemakemikari uko inonyanya kukosha ndeye. dimethyl sulfide, zvakafanana nekunhuwa kwemazai akaora. Hoopoe huku dzinotovandudza maitiro avo: dzinogona kukanda madonhwe emvura zvakananga kune vanovarwisa.
Imwe nyaya yakasarudzika ndeye fulmar, shiri yegungwa ine ukama ne<em>albatross inogara munzvimbo dziri mumahombekombe uye dziri kure. Kana nhiyo dzadzo dzakaona njodzi, dzinoburitsa marutsi a mafuta akakora, anonhuwa kubva mudumbu rayo, izvo zvinogona kuuraya kune dzimwe mhuka, kunyanya zvikara.
green tree hoopoe,
Zvipembenene hazvisi kure kumashure zvakare.. ari millipede Inozvidzivirira nekuzvimonerera kuita spiral nekudzinga mvura ine muchetura inokwana hydrogen cyanide zvakakwana kuuraya mbeva dzakawanda. Iye bombardier beetle yakagadzira yakatonyanya kuomarara sisitimu: kusanganisa hydrogen peroxide uye hydroquinone mumakomba akaparadzana mudumbu rayo uye, mushure mekuita kanenge kamwe kamwe kemikari, inoburitsa jeti inopuruzira inenge 100 ° C kuti ibvise chero kutyisidzira. Inoshanda zvekuti inogona kubvisa nyore nyore zvimwe zvipembenene zvinodya.
Zvirimwa zvinonyengera nehosha
Nyika yezvirimwa inoshandisawo kunhuhwirira kwakanyanya kurarama nekuberekana. Zvimwe zvirimwa zvakashanduka kuti zvitevedzere munhuwi wenyama inoora kana ndove yemhuka. nechinangwa chekukwezva zvipembenene zvakaora uye kufambisa mukume.
Imwe yemuenzaniso unoshamisa ndeye Rafflesia arnoldii, chirimwa chine utachiona kubva kuMaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia chinobudisa ruva guru pane rimwe nerimwe panyika. Kunhuhwirira kwayo kunoyeuchidza zvakasimba nyama iri kuora, zvichiita kuti isadzivirirwe nenhunzi uye zvipembenene zvakaora zvinoparadzira mhodzi dzayo. The Amorphophallus titanum, iro rinozivikanwawo se "ruva rechitunha," rinogadzira sumbu remaruva rinogona kukwira kusvika pamamita matatu kubva pasi uye, parinotumbuka, rinobudisa kunhuhwirira kunoshungurudza kunogona kuonekwa kubva kure nemakiromita.
Kunhuhwirira kwetsaona: vaenzi vasingatarisirwi
Dzimwe mhuka dzave kunhuwa kwete kuburikidza nekushanduka kwakananga, asi kuburikidza netsaona mamiriro ehupenyu hwavo kana maitiro. Emblematic case ndeye simbe. Mumwaka wokusanaya kwemvura, mvere dzayo dzakasvibirira, asi mumwaka wekunaya kwemvura inova neruvara rwegirinhi kana yatorwa nealgae. Aya algae, pamwe chete nenyuchi, mite, uye kunyange zvipfukuto, zvinowana nzvimbo mumvere dzesloth, zvichiita kuti mhuka idzi dzive "zvisikwa zvinofamba" zvechokwadi nekunhuwa kwakaipa. Mazana ezvipembenene nemarudzi gumi nemaviri ezvipembenene nezvipfukuto zvakawanikwa zvichigara mumvere dzesloth rimwe chete uye munzvimbo dzisingafungirwi dzomuviri wacho..
Shiri dzinewo macakesi adzo akasiyana. Iye hoatzin, inozivikanwa se "stinking turkey" muSouth America, inodya mashizha chete. Iyi inoshamisa tsika yekudya inokonzeresa kuvirisa kwebhakitiriya muhurongwa hwayo hwekugayiwa, hwakafanana nehwezvipfuyo, zvichigadzira. magasi anonhuwa izvo zvinopa kunhuwa kwehunhu. Chero ani anosvika kune chimwe chezvienzaniso izvi mukati mesango reAmazon haambofi akakanganwa kunhuhwirira kwaro.
Mugungwa, the sperm whale akaita hwema hunokosha zvikuru netsaona. Kana squid yainomedza ichikuvadza kugaya kwayo, mhuka yacho inoburitsa chinhu chine namo chinonzi. ambergris kudzivirira kukuvara kwemukati. Nokufamba kwenguva, amber iyi inogona kuyangarara kumahombekombe, uko inowana kunhuhwirira kwayo.
Kutaurirana kunhuwa mune zvakasikwa
Kunze kwekudzivirira, Hwema hunoitawo semikoto yeruzivo nekukurukurirana pakati pemhuka. Muenzaniso wakakwana unogona kuwanikwa mu hanga. Mhuka idzi dzinogara mumapakiti uye dzinoshandisa girizi, inonhuwa secretion, yadzinoburitsa mumabhegi ari pedyo neadzo dzekubuda nadzo, kuratidza nzvimbo uye kusiya mameseji emakemikari munharaunda uye kunyangwe kune dzimwe nhengo dzemhuri yavo. Hyena yega yega ine hwema hwakasiyana, uye zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti vanogona kusiyanisa nhengo dzeboka nehwema uye kuziva miganhu yenzvimbo yavo nekuda kwehunhu hwavo "pefuyumu".
ari ringtailed lemurs Vanoshandisawo hwema senzira yekukurukurirana. Mumwaka wekusvirana, varume vanoita zvehwema chaidzo: vanoshandisa mahwema pamaoko nemapendekete kupfekedza miswe yavo vobva vavheyesa zvine hukasha kune vadzivisi vavo. Kurwisana kunogona kutora maawa akawanda, uye uyo anogona kutsungirira kunhuwa kwevamwe ndiye anokunda.
Iyo canine pfungwa yekunhuhwirira uye yakanyanya kushandiswa kwayo
Kana tikataura nezve pfungwa yakagadzirwa yekunhuwa, imbwa dzinotora nzvimbo yakasarudzika mumasikirwo. Kunhuwidza kwembwa kunogona kuita ka100.000 XNUMX kunzwisa tsitsi kupfuura kwemunhu, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kuona hwema hwatisinganzwisisi. Imbwa dzekununura, semuenzaniso, dzakanyatsodzidziswa kuziva anosvika mana makuru ekunhuhwirira mumamiriro ezvinhu enjodzi.: kunhuwa kwemunhu akanyura, kunhuwa kwebhonzo remunhu akatsva, kunhuwa kwekunetseka mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, uye kunhuwa kwekuora kwezvitunha. Imbwa dzinoona maseru anosvika zviuru makumi mana paminiti kubva munyama yevanhu, zvichivabvumira kutevera nzira dzisingagone kuona chero chimwe chisikwa.
Unyanzvi uhwu hunoita kuti imbwa dzive tsigiro isingadzokerike munjodzi dzakadai sekudengenyeka kwenyika, kudonha kwechivako, uye kumwe kununura kwechimbichimbi. Mhando dzose dzinogona kubudisa mienzaniso yakanaka, asi German Shepherd, Labrador, Golden Retriever, uye Belgian Shepherd inowanzomira.
Pfungwa yekunhuwa muzvipembenene: maonero esainzi
The olfactory system yezvipembenene ndeyechokwadi biological inoshamisa. Iyo olfactory receptor neurons mune avo antennae kana miromo inyanzvi kuona chaiwo mamorekuru anonhuwa.. Kana mamorekuru anonhuhwirira asangana nemareceptor aya, chiratidzo chemagetsi chinogadzirwa chinoendeswa kuuropi hwetumbuyu. Maitiro aya anosanganisira chaiwo nzvimbo dzehuropi, senge antennal lobes uye subesophageal ganglion, uko kunhuhwirira kunozivikanwa kunogadziriswa uye "kuchengetwa."
Iyo sisitimu inoshanda kuburikidza neural network uko mamwe ma neurons anoita seanofadza uye mamwe seanodzivisa. Chiyero ichi chinotibvumira kusarura pakati pezvinonhuhwirira zvine ngozi, zvinoyevedza kana zvisina kwazvakarerekera. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzehuropi, dzakadai seyezvinonzi corpora pedunculata, kunyange kufambisa kudzidza kune chekuita nekunhuhwirira., kubvumira zvipembenene kugadzirisa uye kurarama mumamiriro ekuchinja.
Kunhuwa imbwa dzemumba: kunze kwekungoziva
Kana iri imbwa dzemumba, kunhuhwirira kwemuviri kunoshanda basa rekutaurirana, asi kunogona zvakare kupindura kune hutsanana kana hutano nyaya. Imbwa dzese dzinoburitsa zvinhu zvinonhuwa izvo dzimwe imbwa dzinokwanisa kududzira, nekudaro kuwana ruzivo nezvezera, hutano kana manzwiro eimwe mhuka.. Nekudaro, kunhuhwirira kwakanyanyisa kusingafadzi kunogona kuve nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita sedikita, tsvina yakaunganidzwa, hutachiona hwehutachiona kana fungal, uye kunyangwe hutsanana hwemukanwa kana nzeve.
Kuti uchengetedze kunhuhwirira, iyo yakanaka ndeye Tevedzera utsanana hutsanana: kugara uchikwesha, kugeza pazvinenge zvakakodzera, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakakosha zvembwa, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuomeswa kwakakodzera mushure mekugeza.. Mukuwedzera, kuchenesa muromo wako nenzeve hazvifaniri kumboregeredzwa, sezvo kuunganidzwa kwebhakitiriya munzvimbo idzi kunogona kukonzera kunhuhwirira kwakasimba.
Hunhu hwemunhu: mukwikwidzi asingatarisirwe
Zvinoshamisa, Vanhu variwo pakati pemhuka dzinonhuwa zvikuru panyika.. Ongororo ichangoburwa yakaratidza kuti ganda redu rinoburitsa mhando hombe dzemakomisheni anopisa ayo, akasanganiswa neaya anogadzirwa nebhakitiriya anogara patiri, anoita kuti tive nyama inokwezva yezvipembenene seumhutu. Dikita, mapuroteni, amino acids, urea, ammonia uye munyu inongova mimwe yemisanganiswa inobudisa kunhuhwirira kwatinoita.
Munguva yekuyaruka kunhuhwirira uku kunowedzerwa nekushanda kwegland uye kuvapo kwebhakitiriya, saka, pasinei nekutenda kwakakurumbira, Hatifaniri hedu kunhuhwirira zviri nani kupfuura skunk kana shiri yakaora. Kutaura zvazviri, dzimwe mhuka dzinoyamwisa neshiri dzinobudisa zvinhu zvinonhuwa zvishoma pane zvatinoita.
Nguva inotevera paunoona kunhuhwirira kwakasimba muzvisikwa (kana pamuviri wako), funga kuti zvichida ine nhoroondo yemhindumupindu inofadza shure kwayo, izere nekudzivirira, kupona uye nzira dzekukurukurirana. The Zvisikwa hazviregi kutishamisa nemagadzirirwo ayo, uye kunhuhwirira kwakanyanya muenzaniso wakajeka wekuti kupona kunogona sei kuyamwa… uye sei!