Patinofunga nezvemadinosaur, tinowanzofungidzira nyika yakasiyana zvachose neyedu, inogarwa nezvisikwa zvihombe uye zvinoorora zvakanyangarika pashure pedambudziko repasi rose. Nekudaro, vashoma vanoziva kuti, mushure mekutsakatika kweiyo colossi, hupenyu hwakaramba hwakasimba uye, chokwadi, mazhinji eiyo colossi. Mhuka dzakatikomberedza nhasi dzakatofamba, kushambira kana kubhururuka nepo dinosaurs achitonga Nyika.
Parwendo rwunofadza urwu Ngationei kuti mhuka idzodzo chii vemazuva ano vakagovana nguva nemadinosaur, kuti vakakwanisa sei kupona zviitiko zveapocalyptic, uye kuti chii chakavanzika chavo chekugadzirisa. Tichadzidzawo nezve mamwe mahofori akabuda mushure mekutsakatika kwemadinosaur uye akasiya chiratidzo chisingadzimiki panhoroondo yekushanduka-shanduka.
Kutsakatika kwemadinosaur uye kutangazve kwehupenyu
66 miriyoni makore apfuura yakakura meteorite kwakawira pane yava kunzi Yucatán Peninsula, zvichikonzera chimwe chezviitiko zvokutsakatika kwakaipisisa munhau. Mhepo inovhundutsa yakaparadza masango, mhenderekedzo yegungwa, uye chinhu chiri chose chaiva munzira yayo; ipapo, masaisai makuru uye rima rechigarire rinobva pazvimedu zvakarembera zvakaita kuti tembiricha yakanyanyisa ideredze uye zvisikwa zvipenyu zvipenyu.
90% yezvipenyu zvakatsakatika, kusanganisira ma<em>dinosaur akakurumbira, asi dzimwe mhuka nemiti zvakapukunyuka njodzi yacho. Pano nguva itsva yakatanga: nyika yakasiiwa mumaoko evakasara, Pakati pemarudzi akatanhamara ayo, pamwero mukuru kana kuti muduku, achiripo nhasi.
Mhuka dzekare dzichiripo: zvapupu zvipenyu zvekare
Zvisikwa zvinotishamisa nemhuka dzakaramba dzisina kuchinja kwemamiriyoni emakore. Kuchinja-chinja kwavo uye kusimba kwakaita kuti vakwanise kurarama kusvika nhasi sechokwadi zvisaririra zvipenyu. Heano mamwe anonyanya kushamisa:
Shark
Shark dzave dziri paPasi kwemakore anopfuura mamirioni mazana mana. Muviri wake hausati wachinja Kubva pazera rema dinosaurs, kunyangwe munguva yakapfuura kwaive nemhando dzakakura uye dzinotyisa, senge megalodon. Nhasi, shark Vanochengeta hukasha hwakafanana uye hunyanzvi hwekuvhima, Uye kuvapo kwavo kwakakosha muzvisikwa zvemugungwa. Zvinoshamisa kufunga kuti zvikara izvi zvakanga zvatofamba-famba mumakungwa apo dinosaurs aifamba mumakondinendi.
Echidnas uye platypus
Echidna uye platypus ndizvo mhuka dzekare zvikuru uye yakasarudzika kuAustralia neOceania. Iyo echidna yakaonekwa munguva yeCenozoic, mushure mekutambudzika, asi inotora hunhu kubva kumadzitateguru ayo. vakapukunyuka dinosaursMiviri yavo yakashongedzwa, ine spiked uye mhuno dzakareba zvakavabatsira kuchinjika uye kunzvenga zvikara kwemamiriyoni emakore.
Iyo platypus, kune rumwe rutivi, inotonyanya kushamisa: inokandira mazai asi ichidyisa vana vayo; ine uturu uye inoona mhuka ichishandisa magetsi emagetsi. Musanganiswa usina kujairika wekupona izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvechokwadi chisaririra mhenyu.
Makurwe nemakarwe
Makurwe nemakarwe Iwo mafossils echokwadi anorarama. Madzitateguru avo aigara pamwe chete nemadinosaur makuru, kunyange zvazvo aikwanisa kusvika kuhukuru hwakakura kare ikako. Izvi zvinokambaira zvakachengetedza chimiro chemiviri yavo uye madyiro ane misiyano mishoma. Vanotyiwa mumvura sepanyika, uye budiriro yavo yekushanduka-shanduka iri mavari kusimba uye kuchinjika.
sandels
sandels
Dhongi rine muromo murefu Ihove ine muviri wakareba uye shaya dzine simba iyo yakanga yatovepo muzera remadinosaur. Iyo ndeye genus Alepisaurus uye inozivikanwa nekushaiwa kwayo zvikero uye nekumhanya kwayo kukuru kwekushambira. Mhando yehove iyi inoratidza kuti mamwe magadzirirwo, senge hydrodynamic chimiro uye meno akapinza, akachengetedza kurarama kwemamiriyoni emakore.
marambi
Lamprey ihove dzinenge dzakabuda munhau inotyisa. Eel-shaped, ane muviri mutete uye mazino akawanda, havana shaya. Dzinozvibatanidza kune dzimwe hove kuti dzidye ropa radzo nenyama. Vanogona kuwanikwa munzizi nemahombekombe, uye mavambo avo Yakatangira kare kare isati yasvika nguva yemadinosaurs, zvichivaita rimwe remadzinza ekare asara.
Nyuchi
Nyuchi dziri zvakakosha kune hupenyu hwePasiIwo akabuda mamiriyoni emakore apfuura uye akanga atove nekumesa maruva apo dinosaurs achiri kutonga pasi. Nhasi, kukosha kwavo inoramba yakakosha zvekurima nekuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Pasinei nezera ravo, vanotyisidzirwa nezviito zvevanhu, izvo inomiririra njodzi yakakomba nokuda kwekuenzanisa kwepanyama.
Makara
Makakanje, negoko rawo rakaoma uye mafomu ezvombo, yaitogara mumakungwa apo kwaiva nezvinokambaira zvikuru. Munguva dzakapfuura, dzaisvika pakukura zvikuru. Kusimba kwavo uye kuchinjika zvakavabvumira kurarama kusvikira nhasi, pasinei nekuderedzwa kwehukuru uye kuchinja kwemamiriro avo ezvinhu.
Tuatara
Iyo tuatara, inowanikwa kuNew Zealand, ndiyo nhengo yekupedzisira yemhuri yeSphenodontian. Chitarisiko chayo chakafanana neiyo iguana, asi ine misiyano yeanatomical. Chikara chinoshamisa ichi Yakachinja zvishoma kubva pazera remadinosaur uye inomiririra imwe yemadzinza chekare uye chakasarudzika yenyika yemhuka.
Eel shark
Iyo shark yakagochwa, inozivikanwawo sechlamys kana ruffed shark, chisaririra chipenyu chine mazana emazino akapinza. Prehistoric kutarisa, basa rayo sechikara chikuru chave chakakosha pakupona kwayo mukutarisana nekushanduka kwenyika. Inowanikwa mumvura yakadzika uye kutaridzika kwayo kunoshamisa senhoroondo yaro yekushanduka-shanduka.
Starfish, magaka uye urchins yegungwa
Starfish
Pasi pegungwa utiziro hwezvipenyu izvo Vakanga varipo kubva kusati kwave nekuonekwa kwemadinosaurStarfish, pamwe chete nemagaka egungwa uye urchins dzegungwa, dzakagara mumakungwa mumhando dzakakura kudarika dzavari kuita nhasi. Kusimba uye kusiyana-siyana kwadzo kunoratidza kuti zvipenyu zvemugungwa zvakakwanisa sei kuramba zvichiparara nekutsakatika kukuru.
Sawfish
Nemhuno yadzo yakasarudzika yakaita sesaha, hove idzi dzavepo kubva kare uye dzinomiririra imwe yedzakanyanya. yakasarudzika yakasarudzikaParizvino vari kutyisidzirwa zvakakomba nezviitwa nevanhu, uye kubatwa kwavo semikombe kwakaunza marudzi mazhinji kumucheto wokutsakatika.
Hozhwa
Hozhwa dzakakwanisa kuchinjika kubva panguva dzekare. Vakachinja saizi yavo, kushandura morphology yavo kuti itore mukana wekugara kwakasiyana, kusanganisira mvura nenyika. Goko ravo rakaoma rakavapa dziviriro pasi mamiriro ezvinhu epasi rose akaipisisa, kuvimbisa kupona kwayo kwemamiriyoni emakore.
Mhuka huru mushure mezera remadinosaurs
Mushure mekunyangarika kwemadinosaursZvisikwa zvakazadza niches yavo isina chinhu nehofori itsva. Mhindumupindu yakaita kuti pave nemhuka dzinoshamisa, panyika nomumakungwa, dzimwe dzacho dzinoshamisa mukukura kwadzo uye hunhu hwadzo.
- Mammuthus columbi: Iyi hofori mammoth, tateguru wenzou, yakakura kusvika pakureba kusvika kumamita mana uye yairema pakati pematani 4 ne8. Zvanga zviri yakanyatsochengetedzwa kubva kune zvikara nekuda kwehukuru hwavo uye simba. Kutsakatika kwavo kwakabatana nekuvhima zvakanyanya uye shanduko yezvakatipoteredza.
- ParaceratheriumIchionekwa semhuka huru yepanyika yati yambovapo, yakafanana nehofori yechipembere asi isina nyanga, yakasvika mamita mashanu pakureba uye matani gumi nemashanu pakureba. Habitat muAsia uye akanyangarika muMiocene.
- Argentavis magnificens: Imwe yeshiri huru dzinobhururuka munhoroondo, ine mapapiro anosvika 12 metres. Yaigara muSouth America uye kuchinjana pakati pezvakaora uye kuvhima kunoshingaira.
- Brontonis: Shiri huru yeSouth America, anodya, iyo inogona kukura kusvika 2,5 metres, ichitonga nharaunda yayo muMiocene.
- Titanoboa cerrejonensis: Nyoka huru pane dzese, inokwanisa kudarika mamita gumi nemana pakureba. Simba rayo raimanikidza raiuraya, inokwanisa kudya kunyange kamba kana makarwe.
- Purussaurus: A hombe alligator kuyera kusvika 12 metres, ine kuruma kunokatyamadza kwakatonga muAmazon makore miriyoni gumi apfuura.
- basilosaurus: Iyo yekare cetacean inoyera kusvika ku 18 metres, yakakosha pakunzwisisa shanduko yemazuva ano whale. Chaida chikafu chakawanda uye chaive choga chikara.
- MegalodonIyo shark hombe kwazvo yakambovapo, inodarika 16 metres uye nekuruma kakawanda simba kupfuura T. rex. Yakatonga makungwa kusvikira mamiriyoni mashoma emakore apfuura.
- Brygmophyseter: A cetacean yakafanana neorca asi yakakura zvikuru, inosvika mamita 13 kureba, iyo yakavhima mumapoka uye yaigara muMiocene.
- Lifeyatan: A prehistoric vhezheni yemazuva ano sperm whale, ine mazino mushaya mbiri uye kugona kurwisa izvo zvakaita kuti ive mukwikwidzi kune megalolope.
Midzi yekare: the rauisuchians uye Triassic
Pamberi pekusimuka kwemadinosaurs Kwaiva nemamwe mahofori: the rauisuchians. Aya mahombe anokambaira, anosvika 10 metres kureba, akatonga supercontinent Pangea panguva yeTriassic. Vakanga vari zvikara zvinotyisa, vachivhima ma<em>dinosaur okutanga nema<em>cynodon, madzitateguru emhuka dzinoyamwisa. Anatomy yavo, yakapihwa neshaya dzine simba, mitezo yakasimba uye dermal armor, akaita kuti dzive dzinouraya uye dzakaoma zvikuru kukunda. Dzidza zvakawanda nezvemhuka dzakasara kubva kumadinosaur ari pasi pegungwa.
Nzvimbo yekugara yevarauisuchians yakanga yakasiyana zvikuru neyenguva dzapashure. Pangea yakanga iri nyika yakaoma, yakadzorwa nemaferns uye isina kana maruva.Mitsipa yefossilized inowanikwa muSouth America, kunyanya panzvimbo yeIschigualasto, inopa mazano pamusoro pemararamiro avo, kufamba, uye kunyange zvisungo zvemhuri.
Zvikara zvikuru izvi Vakazonyangarika pakupera kweTriassic Nezvikonzero zvisati zvazivikanwa, zvichida nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze uye shanduko yezvakatipoteredza, vakasiya mukaha waizozadzwa nemadinosaur, vachigadzira nzira yenguva yakakurumbira yeprehistory.
Mhuka dzeprehistoric uye nhaka yavo yekushanduka-shanduka
Nhoroondo yehupenyu paNyika Inyaya yekushingirira. Zvisikwa zvichiripo kubva panguva yemadinosaur nehofori dzakabuda mushure mekutsakatika kwavo. Ndivo humbowo hwakanakisa hwesimba risingadaviriki rechisikwa rekugadzirisa.Kubva pahove nemakirigator kusvika kunyuchi negakanje, imwe neimwe yemhuka idzi i pfuma yemhindumupindu yechokwadi, iyo inobatanidza ikozvino nechekare uye inonakidza yapfuura. Dzidza zvakawanda nezvemhuka dzakapona madinosaurs uye kushanduka kwavo.
