Izwi rokuti cancer rinowanzoperekedzwa ne kutya, ndangariro dzinorwadza, uye mibvunzo yakawandaAnenge munhu wese anoziva mumwe munhu ari padyo naye akapinda nechirwere ichi, uye zvakadaro kuchine kuvhiringika pamusoro pekuti chii chaizvo, zviratidzo zvacho chii, uye zvatingaite kuderedza njodzi.
Kubva pamishonga yemazuva ano tinoziva kuti kenza haisi imwe chete pathology, asi boka guru rezvirwere zvinogoverana maitiro akafanana ekutangaBoka remasero rinochinja muDNA yaro, rinorega kutevedzera maitiro ekukura, uye rinotanga kuwanda zvisingadzoreki, nekukwanisa kupindira matishu ari pedyo uye kupararira kunzvimbo dziri kure. Kunzwisisa mhando dzakawanda dzegomarara, zviratidzo zvavo zveyambiro, uye maitiro ekudzivirira ndicho chinhu chakakosha pakuonekwa nekukurumidza uye nekuvandudza zvakanyanya mikana yekurapa.
Chii chinonzi cancer uye nei ichiitika?
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, masero emuviri anotevera mamwe maitiro. mirairidzo chaiyoiyo yemavara okugara nhaka inodzora kukura kwavo, kupatsanurana, uye rufuKana DNA yesero rikachinja, mirayiridzo iyi inochinjwa uye sero racho rinogona kutanga kuwanda zvisingadzoreki, risingateereri zviratidzo zvinofanira kumisa kukamukana kwaro kana kuita kuti rife rakarongwa.
Uku kuchinjwa kwemajini kunogona kukanganisa marudzi akati wandei emajini: ayo anotyaira kupatsanurwa kwesero (oncogenes), ayo vanoita semabhureki pakukura (tumor suppressor genes) kana avo vane basa rekugadzirisa zvikanganiso muDNA. Kana machinjiro akakwana akaungana mune chero yeaya masisitimu, maseru anomira kuita senge oita gomarara.
Machinjiro mazhinji anokonzeresa gomarara anowanikwa mukati mehupenyu kuburikidza nekuita kwezvinhu zvekunze (sefodya, mwaranzi yezuva, kana mamwe mavhairasi) kana kuburikidza nezvikanganiso zvinongoitika zvega panguva yekuparadzaniswa kwesero. Chete chikamu chidiki, chakapoteredza 5-10%, chinokonzerwa Majeni anogarwa nhaka kubva kuvabereki, iyo inozivikanwa seyenhaka cancer syndromes.
Chimiro chakakosha chegomarara kugona kwayo dzinopinda munyama dziri pedyo dzopararira kune dzimwe nhengo kuburikidza neropa kana lymphatic system, chiitiko chinozivikanwa se metastasis. Kupararira uku, kwete bundu rekutanga pacharo, kazhinji ndiro honzeri huru yezvinetso zvakakomba uye rufu.
Mapoka makuru egomarara zvichienderana nerudzi rwesero
Pamusoro pekuronga mapundu nenhengo yaanotangira (zamu, mapapu, colon, zvichingodaro), vanachiremba vanoaisawo zvichienderana nerudzi rwesero kwaanobva, nekuti izvi zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya maitiro avo uye nekurapa kwakakodzera. Rimwe remapoka anowanzo gara ndere carcinomas, mamota akaipa anobva mumasero epithelial iyo inovhara pamusoro penhengo uye tishu.
Mazhinji kenza akasimba muvakuru icarcinomas, uye kunyangwe colon carcinoma uye lung carcinoma inogovana humwe hunhu, Nhengo imwe neimwe inoda nzira dzekurapa dzakanangaIri boka rinosanganisira akawanda emamota akajairika: zamu, mapapu, prostate, colon uye rectum, dumbu, chiropa, kana cervix, pakati pezvimwe.
Rimwe boka guru rinosanganisira scomcomIzvi zvinotangira mukutsigira matishu akadai sebhonzo, tsandanyama, kana mafuta, kunyangwe zvisingaite. Pamusoro pezvo, kune mapoka ane humwe hunhu, senge hematological cancers uye mamota epakati tsinga system.
Hematological cancers: leukemias, lymphomas, uye myelomas
Iwo anonzi magomarara eropa anosanganisira boka rezvirwere zvinobata masero eropa, mwongo, uye lymphatic systemKusiyana nemamota akasimba, kazhinji haaumbe huwandu hwenzvimbo, asi anoratidza semasero asina kujairika anotenderera muropa kana kukoromoka mwongo uye lymph nodes.
Leukemias inonzi neoplasms yemasero eropa (kunyanya masero machena eropa) uye mwongo. Mune zvirwere izvi, mutsara chaiwo wesero unokanganisa. Inowanza zvisingadzoreki mumuzongoza.Izvi zvinobvisa masero akajairwa anofanira kuburitsa masero matsvuku eropa, maplatelet, uye masoja ekudzivirira chirwere. Izvi zvinoguma neanemia, zvirwere zvinogara zvichiitika, kuneta kwakanyanya, uye kazhinji, mavanga nyore kana kubuda ropa.
Lymphomas igomarara re lymphatic system, network yemidziyo uye nodes inoita basa rakakosha mukudzivirira kwemuviri. Lymph nodes dziri mumuviri wese (mutsipa, armpits, groin, mediastinum, etc.) uye kuita se masefa anoteya utachiona nezvimwe zvinhu zvekunzeKana dzikave dzakaipa, dzinowanzowedzera kukura, dzinogona kunzwisiswa, uye dzinoperekedzwa nezviratidzo zvakajairwa senge fivha, kuonda, kana dikita rehusiku.
Kune marudzi maviri makuru e lymphoma: Hodgkin lymphoma, ine chirwere chepamusoro-chepamusoro kana ikaonekwa kare, uye non-Hodgkin lymphomas, iyo inosanganisira anopfuura 60 subtypes ane maitiro akasiyana-siyana, kubva pamhando dzinokura zvishoma kusvika kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvehasha zvinoda. kukurumidza kurapwa kwakanyanya.
Multiple myeloma igomarara remaseru eplasma, subtype yewhite blood cell inogara mumwongo uye ine basa rekugadzira masoja ekudzivirira chirwere. Mune myeloma, masero aya anova akaipa, anowedzera, uye anogadzira huwandu hukuru hwemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere. masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anokuvadza bhonzo neitsvoZvinokonzera anemia, predispose kune zvirwere, uye zvinotungamirira kumarwadzo emapfupa, kuputsika, uye mamwe matambudziko. Kurapa kunobatanidza chemotherapy, corticosteroids, immunomodulatory drugs, uye kunyange bone marrow transplantation muvarwere vakasarudzwa.
Tumors of the central nervous system
Mamota epakati penheyo system anosanganisira ayo anobva mu uropi kana musanaIzvo hazvikwane zvachose mumhando dzemhando dzecarcinomas kana sarcomas, nekuti nerve tishu ine hunyanzvi uye ine hunhu hwayo.
Aya mapundu anogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakasiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nenzvimbo yaanogara: kubva pakugara uchitemwa nemusoro, pfari pfari kana kushanduka kwehunhu, kusvika kunetseka kufambisa chikamu chemuviri, matambudziko ekuenzanisa, kana kukanganiswa kwekuonaNekuti uropi nemuzongoza zviri mukati mezvimiro zvakaomarara (dehenya nemuzongoza), chero humwe huremu hunogona kuwedzera kudzvanywa uye kuburitsa zviratidzo zvinokatyamadza zvetsinga.
Iwo gumi akajairika marudzi egomarara uye zviratidzo zvavo
Pasi rose, mamwe mapundu anoita chikamu chepamusoro chekuongororwa. Kunzwisisa zviratidzo zvavo zvikuru zvakakosha pakuona zviratidzo zvekunyevera uye kubvunza chiremba nekukurumidza, kubvira Kukurumidza kuongororwa kunogona kuita mutsauko wose pakati pekurapa kwekurapa nekungopora.
Kenza yemazamu
Gomarara repazamu pari zvino ndiro gomarara rinowanzoonekwa pasi rose. Inoverengera ingangoita 12-13% yekenza yese, uye inofungidzirwa kuti Anenge 1 muvakadzi 8 achasangana nazvo munguva yehupenyu hwavo.Kunyange zvazvo inogona kuitikawo muvarume, haina kunyanya kuwanda mavari.
Pakati pezviratidzo zvinowanzoitika ndeyekuonekwa kwebundu kana nodule muzamu kana muhapwa, izvo zvisinganyanyi kurwadza. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira kuchinja kwechimiro kana kukura kwezamuNzvimbo dzekukora, dimpling kana kudzoka kweganda, kutsvuka kunoramba kuripo, kubuda muzamu kusina kujairika kana kuerekana kupinduka.
Mwedzi wega wega kuzviongorora mazamu kunobatsira vakadzi kuti vajairane nechitarisiko chakajairwa uye kuumbwa kwemazamu avo, saka chero shanduko inogona kuoneka kare. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, chishandiso chakakosha chekukurumidza kuongororwa ndeye nguva dzose mammography, inokurudzirwa kuvakadzi vezera repakati nepamusoro, kazhinji makore ega ega kana maviri zvichienderana nenhungamiro uye njodzi dzemunhu. Kana ikaonekwa padanho rekutanga, Kupona kwemakore mashanu kuri kusvika pa99%..
Kenza yemapapu
Gomarara remapapu nderimwe rezvirwere zvakaipisisa pasi rose uye rine chekuita nekushandisa fodya. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti Vanhu vanosvika 9 kubva pagumi vanofa negomarara iri vane chekuita nekuputa fodya. kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nefodya, kusanganisira utsi hwefodya. Ngozi yeupenyu hwose muvanosvuta yakapetwa kanoverengeka kupfuura mune vaya vasina kumbosvuta.
Zviratidzo zvaro zvekutanga zvinogona kusaonekwa, asi chikosoro chinoramba chichienda, chinoshanduka, kana chinoperekedzwa neropa musputum chiratidzo chakajeka chekunyevera. Kupfupika kwekufema, kurwadziwa muchipfuva, uye kushevedzera zvinowanzoitika. zvirwere zvekufema zvakadzokorora, kuneta kwakanyanya uye kuonda kusingatsananguriki.
Mukuita, huwandu hwese hwekupona kwegomarara remapapu hunoramba hwakaderera, panosvika 20-25% pamakore mashanu panotariswa matanho ese. Nekudaro, kana bundu rikaonekwa kare kare, rakaiswa munzvimbo, uye diki, Mikana yekurapa kurapa inowedzera zvakanyanya.Izvi zvakakurudzira mapurogiramu ekuongorora achishandisa yakaderera-dose computed tomography mumapoka ane ngozi huru (vanhu vane makore akawanda ekushandisa fodya).
Colorectal cancer (colon uye rectum)
Colorectal cancer inombundira mamota ecolon uye rectum uye ndeimwe yeanowanzo onekwa kenza muvarume nevakadzi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti anenge 1 muvarume makumi maviri nevatatu uye 1 muvakadzi makumi maviri nevashanu Ivo vanochikudziridza muhupenyu hwavo hwese, uye kuwanda kwayo kunowedzera nezera.
Zvinhu zvine njodzi zvinosanganisira kuwandisa kana kufutisa, kusaita zvemuviri, kudyiwa kwakanyanya kwenyama tsvuku neyakagadzikiswa, doro, fodya, uye dzimwe nhoroondo dzemunhu kana dzemhuri (senge adenomatous polyps, ulcerative colitis kwenguva refu, kana hereditary syndromes). Kudya kwakaderera mufiber nemiriwo kunobatanidzwawo ne kuwedzera kwengozi yekuita bundu iri.
Zviratidzo zvakanyanya zvinosanganisira kuchinja kunoramba kuripo mumararamiro (manyoka, kuvharwa, kana kushandurana pakati pezviviri), ropa muchituru (dzimwe nguva rinoonekwa uye dzimwe nguva rinongoonekwa chete mumiedzo chaiyo), kurwadziwa mudumbu kana kusagadzikana, kunzwa kusakwana kwebowel, uye kurasikirwa uremu kusingatsananguriki. Dzimwe nguva, mapolyps ekutanga kana mapundu haakonzerese zviratidzo, saka kukosha kwekuongororwa.
Kana yaonekwa mumatanho ekutanga, colorectal cancer ine makore mashanu ekupona kweanopfuura 90%. Mapurogiramu ekutanga ekuona achishandisa Fecal occult blood test kana colonoscopy Ivo vanobvumira kuwanikwa kwe precancerous maronda uye mamota ekutanga, zvichikonzera kufungidzira kwakanyanya kunaka.
Kenza yeprostate
Gomarara reprostate nderimwe regomarara rinonyanya kuitika pakati pevarume, zvikuru mumapoka ezera revakuru. Inopfuura hafu yekuongororwa inoitika muvarume vanopfuura 65, uye inofungidzirwa kuti yakatenderedza 1 mu8 varume Achabatwa negomarara rerudzi urwu kana akararama kwenguva yakakwana. Iyo prostate gland inongowanikwa kune varume, iri pazasi pedundira uye ine basa rekuburitsa chikamu cheseminal fluid.
Mumatanho ayo ekutanga, kenza yeprostate inogona kusakonzera chero zviratidzo. Sezvazvinoramba zvichifambira mberi, zviratidzo zvingasanganisira kuomerwa nekutanga kuita weti, kuyerera kweweti isina simba, kugara uchiweti (zvikurukuru usiku), kurwadziwa kana kupisa panguva yokuita weti, ropa riri muweti kana kuti urume, uye kunzwa kwokusanyatsobudisa dundira. Izvi zviratidzo, zvisinei, zvinogonawo kukonzerwa nekuwedzera kweprostate gland. Nokudaro, kuongororwa kwechiremba nguva dzose kunodiwa..
Kufungidzira kunowanzova kwakanaka kwazvo, kunyanya kana bundu racho raiswa munzvimbo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, makore mashanu ekupona anosvika 100%. Kutaura zvazviri, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasarudzwa dzine ngozi shoma, kuongorora kunoshingaira (nguva nenguva pasina kurapwa nokukurumidza) kunosarudzwa kudzivisa migumisiro yechirwere chehasha chingave chisingadikanwi.
Kenza yemudumbu
Gomarara remudumbu, kunyangwe risingawanike kupfuura ambotaurwa mune dzimwe nyika dzine mari yakawanda, rinoramba richikonzera nhamba yakakura yezviitiko uye kufa pasi rese. Huwandu hwayo muvanhurume hwakanyanya uye hunoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sekushandisa fodya, kudya kwakawanda munyu kana kupfungaidzwa, uye kubatwa neutachiona uhu hunonzi *Gypsies*. Helicobacter pylori, chinhu chikuru chengozi zvebundu iri.
Zviratidzo zvinogona kuvhiringidzwa nyore nyore nezvimwe zvirwere zvekudya: kurasikirwa kwechido, kurasikirwa kusinganzwisisiki, kurwadziwa kana kusagadzikana mudumbu repamusoro, kuenderera mberi kwekupisa kwemoyo, indigestion, kusvuta, kana kunzwa kuguta nokukurumidza mushure mekudya. Kazhinji Zviratidzo izvi zvinoonekwa kana chirwere ichi chatova padanho repamusoroiyo inotsanangura fungidziro yake yakachengetwa.
Kupona kwemakore mashanu kunosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nedanho. Mumatanho ekutanga anogona kusvika 70%, asi kana bundu rikaonekwa kuti rine kupararira kwedunhu kana metastasis, Nzira dzekurapa dzakaderedzwa zvakanyanyaNaizvozvo, kune vanhu vane njodzi yakanyanya kana zviratidzo zvinoramba zviripo, zvinokurudzirwa kufunga nezvekuita epamusoro digestive endoscopy.
Kenza yechiropa
Gomarara rekutanga rechiropa (kunyanya hepatocellular carcinoma) riri pakati pemamota akajairika uye anouraya pasi rese. Inofanira kusiyaniswa kubva kumatastases echiropa, ayo ari mapundu anobva mune dzimwe nhengo (colon, zamu, mapapu, nezvimwewo) uye anopararira kuchiropa, asi izvo. Havana kunzi kenza yechiropa mupfungwa yakasimba..
Kazhinji hepatocellular carcinomas Dzinooneka pachiropa icho chatova chisingaperi.chirwere chechiropa chinowanzokonzerwa ne cirrhosis. Zvikonzero zvikuru zve cirrhosis zvinosanganisira kunwa doro kwenguva refu uye zvakanyanya, chisingaperi hepatitis B neC, chirwere chemafuta chechiropa, uye mamwe matambudziko emetabolic. Njodzi inowedzera zvakanyanya kana chiropa chine mavanga uye chinorasikirwa nechimiro chayo.
Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kupera uremu, kurwadziwa kana kusagadzikana mudumbu rekumusoro kurudyi, kunzwa kwekukura, kuneta, jaundice (kutsvuka kweganda nemaziso), kushanduka kwemavara ezvigwere uye weti, kuzvimba kwedumbu nekuda kwekuwanda kwemvura (ascites), uye kazhinji, kuderera kunofambira mberi kwemamiriro ezvinhuIyo fungidziro, zvinosuruvarisa, kazhinji haina kunaka, uye huwandu hwese hwemakore mashanu hwekupona hwakatenderedza 30% kumatanho ese akasanganiswa.
Gomarara rechibereko
Gomarara remuchibereko rinobata vanhukadzi chete vane nhengo dzesikarudzi yevakadzi uye riri pakati pegomarara remadzimai. Zviitiko zvizhinji zvine hukama nehutachiona hunoramba huchienderera mberi ne [pathogen isina kutaurwa]. high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)kunyanya mhando 16 uye 18, idzo dzinokonzeresa chikamu chikuru che precancerous maronda uye invasive cancers.
Mumatanho ayo ekutanga, inogona kusaburitsa zviratidzo zvinoonekwa. Sezvazvinofambira mberi, zviratidzo zvinogona kuonekwa. kubuda ropa munhengo yesikarudzi isina kujairika (pakati penguva, mushure mekuita zvepabonde, kana mumadzimai ekupedzisira), kubuda kwechikadzi kusingawanzoitiki, kurwadziwa kwepelvic, uye kusagadzikana panguva yepabonde. Izvi zviratidzo zvisingafanirwe kuve zvakajairika uye zvinoda kuongororwa nenyanzvi yehutano.
Chinofadza ndechekuti gomarara iri rinokwanisa kudzivirirwa. Kudzivirira kweHPV muvasikana, vakomana, uye vechidiki, pamwe chete nezvirongwa zvekuongorora (Pap smears, HPV yekuongorora bvunzo, uye colposcopies kana zvichiratidzwa), bvumira. kuziva maronda ekare obva aarapa asati aenderera mberi kune bundu rinopinda. Kutaura zvazviri, ndufu zhinji dzegomarara iri dzakatekeshera munyika umo zviwanikwa izvi zvisati zvanyatsoshandiswa.
Gomarara resophageal
Gomarara resophageal harinyanyi kuzivikanwa kuruzhinji rwevanhu, asi riri pakati pemamota anowanzo kugaya. Chinowanzobata varume vezera repakati nepakati uye chakabatana nekushandisa fodya nedoro, kufutisa, chisingaperi reflux, uye kumwe kudya kusina kunaka. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, Barrett's esophagus (a precancerous condition inobatanidza ne gastroesophageal reflux) zvinonyatsowedzera njodzi yebundu iri.
Mumatanho ayo okutanga, inowanzonyarara. Sezvo bundu rinokura uye richideredza gurokuro lumen, munhu Unogona kuona kunetsa kumedzaKutanga nezvokudya zvakasimba uye gare gare kunyange nezvinwiwa. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinozivikanwa zvinosanganisira marwadzo ekudzokera shure kana muchipfuva, kurasikirwa uremu usiri nemaune, chikosoro chinoramba chichienderera mberi, kurira, uye, mune dzimwe nguva, kurutsa ropa.
Kupona kunoenderana zvakanyanya nedanho iro chirwere chinowanikwa. Kunyangwe mumamota emunharaunda, mikana yekurarama makore mashanu mushure mekuongororwa haipfuure makumi mashanu muzana muzvidzidzo zvakawanda, uye kana paine metastasis, Kufembera kwacho kunenge kwave kusingafadzi.Saka kukosha kwekubvunza chiremba kwenguva refu dysphagia kana digestive alarm zviratidzo.
Gomarara regomarara
Chirwere chegomarara chinotangira mugomba rethyroid, riri pamberi pemutsipa. Mapundu mazhinji erurindi haana kunaka, uye anosvika 5% chete ndiwo mamota akaipa, asi kuonekwa kwawo kunogona kukonzera kushushikana kukuru. Kunyange zvakadaro, inowanzoonekwa seimwe yekenza ine best global forecast.
Chiratidzo chikuru chitarisiko che a bundu kana kuwanda munharaunda yekervical Inogona kukura nokukurumidza kana kuramba yakagadzikana kwekanguva. Dzimwe nguva inoperekedzwa nemarwadzo pamberi pemutsipa, kuchinja kwezwi (hoarseness), kunetseka kumedza, kunzwa kwekumanikidzwa kwenharaunda, kana kuzvimba kwemalymph nodes ari pedyo. Zvizhinji zvezviwanikwa izvi, zvisinei, zvinowanikwa zvakangoerekana zvaitwa pamiyedzo yekufungidzira yakaitwa kune zvimwe zvikonzero.
Kana yaonekwa mukutanga uye kurapwa zvakakodzera nekuvhiyiwa, radioactive iodine, uye/kana ekunze beam radiation therapy, zvichienderana nenyaya, makore mashanu ekupona anosvika 100% mumhando dzakajairika. Izvi zvinoita kenza yethyroid muenzaniso wakajeka wekuti sei Kukurumidza kuonekwa uye kurapwa kwakarurama kunogona kuchinja zvachose kufungidzira.
Gomarara redundira
Chirwere chegomarara redundiro chinotangira pamatishu ari mudundira, nhengo inochengeterwa weti. Inowanzoonekwa muvanhu vakwegura nevarume, uye chimwe chezvinonyanya kuisa njodzi kusvuta, kuwedzera kune mamwe maitiro ekushanda kumakemikari (akadai semamwe dhayi dzemaindasitiri). Kuzvimba dundira kusingarapi kwave kwakabatana negomarara redundiro. njodzi yakanyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo.
Chiratidzo chinonyanya kushamisa chinowanzova kuvapo kweropa muwetiDzimwe nguva zvinoonekwa neziso rakashama (weti yakatsvuka kana yetii) uye dzimwe nguva inongoonekwa kuburikidza nekuongororwa murabhoritari. Marwadzo kana kupisa panguva yeweti, kazhinji kana kukurumidza kuita weti, uye kurwadziwa muzasi kana nharaunda yepelvic zvinogonawo kuitika.
Huwandu hwekupona hunosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nekudzika kwaita bundu pamadziro edundira uye kuvapo kana kusavapo kwemetastasis. Mamota epamusoro, akaganhurirwa mukati memukati-kati, anogona kurapwa endoscopically uye kudzorwa nerections uye mishonga inoiswa mudundira, nepo invasive mafomu kazhinji anoda kupindira kwakanyanya. kuvhiyiwa kwakaoma uye kurapwa kwehurongwa.
General zviratidzo zvinogona kuratidza cancer
Pamusoro pezviratidzo zvebundu rega rega, pane zviratidzo zvakajairika zvekuti, kunyangwe zvisiri zvegomarara chete, zvinofanirwa kukurudzira kubvunzana kwechiremba kana vakaramba. Izvi zvinosanganisira: kuneta kwakanyanya pasina chikonzero chakajeka, chiratidzo uye chisingadiwe uremu shanduko, fivha yenguva refu, dikita rakawanda usiku, mapundu anorapika pasi peganda, kana kuti marwadzo asingatsananguriki nekukuvara kunooneka.
Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinonyevera zvinosanganisira kuchinja kwema moles (ukuru, chimiro, ruvara, miganhu isina kukwana, kukwenya kana kubuda ropa), maronda eganda asingapore, kuchinja kwechigarire mukuita weti kana ura, chikosoro chisingaperi kana kunetseka kumedza pasina chikonzero chinooneka. Hapana chimwe chezviratidzo izvi chete chinosimbisa kuongororwa kwegomarara.Nekudaro, ivo vanobvumidza kuongororwa kwehunyanzvi kuti vabvise matambudziko akakomba kana kuvarapa nenguva.
Zvinokonzera, njodzi, uye genetic mutations
Kukura kwegomarara kunowanzova mugumisiro wekudyidzana pakati peiyo genetic predisposition uye akasiyana ekunze zvinhu. Zvimwe zvezvinhu izvi zvinochinjika zvakajeka, nepo zvimwe zvatisingakwanisi kudzora. Kunzwisisa musanganiswa uyu wakaoma kunotibatsira kubvuma kuti, kunyangwe paine zvinhu zvatingaite kuderedza njodzi, Zero njodzi haigone kuvimbiswa..
Pakati pezvinhu zvine ngozi zvinozivikanwa zvikuru ifodya (inonyanya kudzivirirwa chisakiso chegomarara), kunwa doro zvakanyanyisa, kufutisa, kurarama upenyu hwokungogara, kudya michero nemiriwo mishoma uye nyama yakagayiwa yakawanda, uye kuratidzwa zvakanyanyisa nemwaranzi yeultraviolet kubva kuzuva. zvimwe zvinhu zvemakemikari (benzene, asbestos, aflatoxins, arsenic mumvura, nezvimwewo) uye zvimwe zvirwere zvenguva refu zvinokonzerwa nemavhairasi chaiwo kana mabhakitiriya.
Nezve genetics, vamwe vanhu vanozvarwa vaine kugarwa nhaka kunowedzera zvakanyanya njodzi yemamwe mapundu (somuenzaniso, kuchinja kwemajini). BRCA1/BRCA2 mugomarara rezamu uye ovarian(kana shanduko dzinokonzera Lynch syndrome mune colorectal cancer). Kuve nerudzi urwu rwekuchinja hazvirevi kuti kenza haidzivisiki, asi inowedzera mukana kana yakawedzerwa kune zvimwe zvakatipoteredza kana mararamiro.
Ukuwo, zera rinoita basa rakakosha: nekufamba kwemakore, shanduko dzakawanda dzinoungana mumaseru uye nzira dzekugadzirisa DNA dzinoshaya basa, izvo zvinotsanangura chikonzero nei. Zvizhinji zvegomarara zvinowanzoitika kune vanhu vakuruNekudaro, chirwere ichi chinogona zvakare kubata vana, vechidiki, uye vechidiki, vane mamwe marudzi akasiyana emamota uye maitiro.
Kudzivirira: nzira yekudzikisa njodzi yegomarara
Vanamazvikokota vanofungidzira kuti pakati pe30% ne50% yegomarara rinogona kudzivirirwa nekutora matanho ane humbowo. Aya haasi mashiripiti mafomula, asi kuti... maitiro ezuva nezuva anotsigirwa nekufamba kwenguva izvo zvinoderedzawo njodzi yezvimwe zvirwere zvisingaperi.
Kurega kusvuta kungangove ndiko kupindira kwakanyanya kwekudzikisa njodzi yekenza dzakawanda (mapapu, larynx, dundira, pancreas, itsvo, pakati pezvimwe). Kuchengeta uremu hune hutano kuburikidza nekudya kwakadzikama uye kuita basa renguva dzose rinobatsirawo zvakanyanya. Zvinokurudzirwa kukoshesa michero, miriwo, nyemba, zviyo, uye mapuroteni asina kusimba. kudzikisira nyama dzakagadzikiswa, munyu wakawandisa, shuga uye chikafu chekupedzisira-chakagadzirwaMukuwedzera, zvinokurudzirwa kuva ne Community pharmacy semutyairi wekudzivirira muhutano hweveruzhinji.
Panyaya yedoro, kunwa kushoma, kuri nani: kunyangwe huwandu huri pakati nepakati hwakabatanidzwa nenjodzi yakawedzera yemhando dzinoverengeka dzegomarara. Kunyanya kupisa zuva kunofanira kudzivirirwa kuburikidza nemumvuri, zvipfeko zvinodzivirira, uye high-SPF sunscreen, uye nekuodza mwoyo [zvisina kujeka - zvichida "kurembera" kana "kupisa"]. matumba ekugadzira machiraZvinokurudzirwawo kuderedza kusangana neanoshanda uye ezvakatipoteredza carcinogens pese pazvinogoneka, nekuremekedza kuchengetedza uye kufefetera mitemo.
Majekiseni anoita basa rakakosha mukudzivirira mamwe magomarara: kubaisa utachiona hwehepatitis B kunoderedza njodzi yegomarara rechiropa, uye kubaiwa HPV... Inoderedza mukana wegomarara remuchibereko nemamwe mamota anosanganisirwa nawo. (zvakadai sevamwe oropharyngeal kana anal cancers). Kutora chikamu muzvirongwa zvekuongorora zvinopihwa nehutano masisitimu (mammograms, cytology, colonoscopies) zvakare chishandiso chakakosha chekudzivirira chechipiri, chinobvumira kuonekwa kwezvironda mukutanga kwazvo.
Kuongororwa kwekutanga, danho uye giredhi regomarara
Kana kenza ichifungidzirwa, danho rekutanga nderekusimbisa kuongororwa kuburikidza nemiedzo yekufungidzira (X-rays, ultrasounds, CT scans, MRIs, mammograms, endoscopies, etc.) uye, pamusoro pezvose, kuburikidza nekuongororwa kusinganzwisisike kwematishu samples (biopsies). Kubva ipapo, zvakakosha kutsanangura iyo danho (kuti chirwere chakawanda sei uye kuti chakapararira kusvika papi) uye dhigirii (kuti masero anoonekwa sei pasi pemaikorosikopu).
Danho racho rinofunga nezvehukuru hwebundu, kubatanidzwa kwemalymph nodes ari pedyo, uye kuvapo kana kusavapo kwemetastasis kune nhengo dziri kure. Nhamba dzechiRoman (I kusvika IV) dzinowanzo shandiswa: nhanho I uye II zvinoenderana nemamwe mamota enzvimbo ane fungidziro iri nani, nepo. Nhanho IV inoreva chirwere chemetastaticUku kusarudzika kunobvumira nyanzvi dzinobva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana kuti dzinzwisisane chaizvo pavanenge vachikurukura nyaya dzakanangana (semuenzaniso, nhanho IB cancer yemuchibereko kana danho IIIA kenza yemapapu).
Iyo giredhi, zvakadaro, inoreva "kusiyanisa" masero ebundu kubva kuhutano hwemabviro. Bundu re Low giredhi rakangofanana neyakajairwa tishu Bundu regiredhi repasi rinowanzokura zvishoma nezvishoma, nepo bundu regiredhi repamusoro rinoratidza masero akachinjwa uye rinowanzoita hutsinye. Iko kusanganiswa kwedanho uye giredhi inotungamira zvese sarudzo dzekurapa uye prognosis.
Semuyenzaniso, yemuno, yakaderera-giredhi, yepakutanga-nhanho prostate carcinoma inogona kubatwa mune vamwe varwere vane hunyanzvi hwekutarisa, kumisa kana kudzivirira kurapwa. Kusiyana neizvi, kenza yepamusoro-giredhi yemudumbu muchikamu II-III inowanzoda kuvhiyiwa kwakanyanya kuoma kwakasanganiswa nechemotherapy, nekuda kwehuwandu hwehutachiona hwemetastasis kana chete resection ichiitwa.
Kurapa kenza uye matambudziko
Kurapwa kwegomarara kuri kuramba kuchiitwa nemunhu uye kunobatanidza nzira dzekurapa dzakasiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwebundu uye mamiriro emurwere. Chinyakare chakanyanya kuvhiyiwa (kubvisa bundu pazvinogoneka), radiotherapy, uye systemic kurapwa senge chemotherapy, yakanangana nekurapa, immunotherapy, uye, mune dzimwe nguva, immunotherapy. Hormone kurapa kwehomoni-sensitive tumors (zvakadai semamwe mazamu nekenza yeprostate).
Chinangwa chacho chinogona kurapa (kubvisa zvachose chirwere), kunyanya kurebesa hupenyu, kana kuti palliative, yakanangana nekugadzirisa zviratidzo uye kuvandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu kana zvisingabviri kubvisa bundu. Kupedzisa marapirwo mukati menguva yakakurudzirwa uye maitiro kwakakosha kuti uwedzere kushanda kwavoNekudaro, mukuita matambudziko anogona kumuka anoda kuchinjika.
Zvinetso zvine chokuita negomarara kana kuti kurapa kwaro zvinosanganisira kurwadziwa, kuneta, kuda kurutsa, kurasikirwa nebvudzi, zvinetso zvokugaya (manyoka, kuvimbiswa), kusagadzikana kweropa (anemia, zvirwere, kubuda ropa), kusaenzana kwemakemikari (zvakadai sehypercalcemia), zvinetso zvokufema, uye migumisiro yetsinga. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, paraneoplastic syndromes inogona kuitika, umo immune system inobata zvisina kujairika kune bundu. Inopedzisira yakuvadza nyama ine hutano.
Kana chirwere chikakura kana kurapa kusingagoneki, kurapwa kwepalliative kunova kwakakosha. Chinangwa chayo hachisi chekurapa, asi kuderedza kutambura kwepanyama, kwepfungwa, uye pamweya, nekugadzirisa marwadzo chiri chimwe chezvakakosha. Kuchengetwa kwakanaka kwepalliative, kusanganisira mukana wekugamuchira rubatsiro kumba uye kuwana kwakakwana kune ane simba analgesics senge morphine, Inovandudza zvakanyanya hupenyu hwevarwere nemhuri..
Ruzivo rwazvino nezvemhando dzinowanzozivikanwa dzegomarara, zviratidzo zvavo, njodzi, maitiro emajini, uye nzira dzekurapa zvinotibvumira kutarisana nechirwere ichi nemidziyo yakawanda kupfuura nakare kose: kubva pakudzivirira uye kuongororwa kusvika kune chaiyo mushonga uye palliative care (Vanodudzira bhokisi dema regomararaKunzwisisa maitiro anoita mabundu uye kuti ndedzipi sarudzo dziripo padanho rega rega zvinobatsira kuita sarudzo ine ruzivo, ona chiremba nekukurumidza kana ukaona zviratidzo zvekufungira, uye shandisa zvirinani nzira dzekurapa dzinopihwa nehurongwa hwehutano.
