Mhandara yeLujan
ChiKristu ndechimwe chezvitendero zvikuru zviripo munyika, hwaro hwayo hukuru idzidziso dzaJesu weNazareta, uyo anonzi Mesiasi uye muponesi wevanhu, ari mukuru wavo akaberekerwa muBheterehema makore anopfuura zviuru zviviri apfuura, achitarisa. Kuvapo kwake kwose pakudzidzisa dzidziso zhinji dzakasiyana-siyana mumifananidzo inoratidzwa mumagwaro, mushure mekufa kwake pamuchinjikwa weKarivhari kwaakatakurwa nokuda kwezvivi zvose zvavanhu.
Nhasi uno, Chechi yeCatholic inotungamirwa naPope, uko kwaine muzinda kuRome, inoumbwa neboka remakanzuru uye hurongwa hwemaprisita. Inopa seti yakakura yezvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana zvakanangana nechiKristu sekunamata kwevasande uye kuzvipira kuMhandara Maria, kusvika padanho rekuti yakamira pakugadzira imwe yemafungu makuru eMarian akatarisana nekuzivisa kukosha kweMhandara. Maria.
Muchiitiko ichi, zvinoshuviwa kuratidza Mhandara yeLuján, iyo inoenderana neimwe yemashoko makuru eMarian, ari mukuru Patron Saint weArgentina, ine hukuru hwechimiro, inoyera inenge 38 cm kureba uye iri nyore, kuva. zvinonyatsozivikanwa nokuda kwezviitiko zvakaitika. Pakati pezana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, inozivikanwa zvikuru uye inoremekedzwa munyika dzeArgentina, kuva chikamu chetsika dzenyika.
Historia
Pakati pegore 1630, mumwe murume wechiPutukezi anozivikanwa saAntonio Farías Sáa, aive mumwe wevaridzi venzvimbo vakatanhamara mudunhu reSantiago del Estero muArgentina, aive nechido chakadzama chekuvaka imba yekunamatira yakatsaurirwa kukudzwa kwevafundisi. Mhandara, nokuda kwechikonzero ichi akanga akatsunga kuwana chimwe chezviratidziro zvemhandara.
Nechikonzero ichi, akasarudza kubvunza mumwe wehama dzake dzaigara muBrazil ainzi Juan Andrea, akazvipira kuuto rehondo, sezvo akanga ava kuda kuita rwendo, akamukumbira kuti amuunzire mufananidzo weMhandara, kunyanya Immaculate Mhandara yeThe Conception kuti inamatwe munyika yeArgentina. Shamwari yake yakafunga kumuunzira kwete mufananidzo mumwe chete asi shanduro mbiri dzeMhandara Maria.
Mufananidzo wekutanga ndiwo chaiwo wakakumbirwa, uchimiririra mufananidzo weImmaculate Conception, nepo wechipiri waive wakasiyana zvachose newakakumbirwa nekuti waive wakapihwa zita rekuti Mai vaMwari vakabata mucheche Jesu mumaoko ake. Juan Andrea akasarudza kuchengetedza mifananidzo yacho zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, achiichengeta mukati memadhirowa maviri akanyatsogadzirirwa kuti achengetedze.
Vakatamiswa kubva kuSan Pablo kuenda kuchiteshi cheBuenos Aires, kamwe chete ikoko kwakaiswa mungoro, vachipfuura nemazuva matatu ekufamba uye vakatanga kutamiswa mukaravhani umo ngoro yaimbomira nguva nenguva nekuda kwekureba kwekuchinjisa. yaiva zvikwata gumi kuguta reLuján; Vava pakati ipapo, vaifanira kumbomira panzvimbo yeZelaya kuti varare, vachiita chisarudzo chokurara ikoko.
Zuva rakatevera, chinhu chekutanga mangwanani, sarudzo yakaitwa yekuenderera mberi nerwendo, mombe dzaive nebasa rekukweva mutoro, hadzina kukwanisa kufambisa ngoro yaitakura mifananidzo, ichikwanisa kufambira mberi pane imwe nguva asi nehukuru. kuoma, nokuti Naizvozvo, vakaita chisarudzo kudzikisa rimwe bhokisi kuti ngoro yaifamba uye pashure kuti mutoro aigona kuramba kutakurwa pasina dambudziko kana kukakavara.
Vanhu vose vakashamiswa nezvakanga zvaitika, saka vakafunga kuongorora zvaiva mukati memadhirowa. Pavakaivhura, vakaziva kuti chaive chifananidzo chidiki cheMhandara, chakagadzirwa nevhu rakabikwa, chakafanana chaizvo neImmaculate Conception. Pakuona idi iri, vakarirangarira senenji uye chiito cheMhandara Maria. Naizvozvo, vakaita chisarudzo chokupa mufananidzo wacho kuna Don Rosendo, muridzi wemba mavakarara muZelaya; Mufananidzo wechipiri wakaramba uchienda kwawaienda.
Iyo Hermitage yeMhandara
Kamwe nyaya iyi yakaziviswa muBuenos Aires, vanhu vazhinji vakasarudza kuswedera pedyo nenzvimbo iyo mhandara yaive uye nekuinamata, zuva rega rega nhamba yevanhu vakauya kuzosangana nemhandara yakanga yakawanda, Don Rosendo akagonesa kamuri yakashongedzwa uye yakasarudzika yavo. Kunamata uye ruremekedzo, asi nhamba yevapilgrim yakanga yakakura zuva nezuva.
Nekuda kweizvi, nekufamba kwenguva, varidzi veimba yacho vakasarudza kuvaka hermitage mukukudza nekuremekedza Mhandara, vachitora makore kuti vagadzirire anenge makore matatu, payakapera yakavhurwa kune veruzhinji kunyanya nevaya vakagadzirira. vaiva vateveri vakatendeka veMhandara.vakanga vachiswedera pedyo kuti vape ruremekedzo rwavo.
The hermitage yakavakwa zvine rustic style, iri imba ine mwero yakavakwa nematombo akatsetseka uye akakwenenzverwa, ine bell tower, madziro evhu, denga rakapfirirwa nehuswa uye pasi pevhu. Mukati mune kamuri diki rakapendwa chena, riri pakati diki, rakapfava uye rakareruka atari, paizove nemufananidzo weMhandara. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti hermitage iri nyore uye idiki, asi yakanaka muhukuru hwayo.
Vamwe vevakashanyira nzvimbo iyi vaive vanhu vanozivikanwa, sezvakaitika kune mercenary Pedro de Santa María, uyo airatidza zvinotevera nezve hermitage:
“Mufananidzo Mutsvene wakanga uri muuyo waRosendo, muOratory pfupi zvikuru uye Mufananidzo wePago yose wairemekedzwa zvikuru. Uye akati Rosendo akazvitsaurira mutema anonzi Manuel kuchitendero cheMufananidzo, uyo aitarisira mwenje waakadaro Lady, uyo aipisa zvisingaite.
Nhasi, iyo saiti ye hermitage, inozivikanwawo senzvimbo yechishamiso, inoramba iripo, pamwe chete neimba yemamongi uye diki chapel, ichigara ichichengetedza maficha ekutanga kuchengetedza mamiriro ayo ekutanga. Inoonekwa senzvimbo yekutanga yekugara yeMhandara, ikozvino yave kunzi sevashanyi uye nzvimbo yekoloni kuchamhembe kweArgentina.
Ana de Matos
Iyo hermitage yakazozivikanwa senzvimbo yechishamiso, ichizivikanwa zvakanyanya senzvimbo yevashanyi uye nzvimbo yekunamatira yeMhandara. Pakati pegore ra1671 imwe chirikadzi yaizivikanwa saAna de Matos womukuru weSpain Marcos de Sequeira; Akanga ari muridzi wenzvimbo huru, yakapfuma zvikuru iri pedyo neRwizi rwaLuján, mukadzi aizivikanwa zvikuru munyika dzeBuenos Aires uye akazvipira zvikuru kukunamatwa kweMhandara iri munharaunda yakapoteredza.
Sezvo nguva yakapfuura, chifananidzo nenzvimbo yawaiva zvakava zvakashata zvikuru ndokuparira kusurukirwa kukuru. Mai Ana Matos vakacherechedza nekurwadziwa kukuru mamiriro ekusiiwa mumufananidzo, saka vakasarudza kuenda kucathedral ndokutaura nemupristi Juan de Oramas uyo akanga ari munun'una waDiego Rosendo. Achisvika kwavari, akakumbira kuti vaigamuchire kana kuti kuitengesa uye iye aizotarisira kuripa rukudzo uye mamiriro ezvinhu akanakira mhandara yacho.
Apo Don Rosendo akafa, zviremera zvechechi zvakaita chisarudzo chokupa mufananidzo wacho kuna Doña Ana de Matos, uye akaita muripo wokutamiswa kwechifananidzo chacho; Nemhaka yokuti yakanga iri nzvimbo ine makomo, kuvaka imba yokunamatira kwakanga kwakaoma zvikuru, naizvozvo akasarudza kuvaka imba yokunamatira nehostel nokuda kwama<em>pilgrim aida kurara ikoko ndokugara papurazi reMhandara yaLuján.
Pakati pegore 1677 basa rekuvaka imba yekunamatira munzvimbo dzeDoña Matos yakatanga, ichigadzirwa nezvidhinha zvakapiswa uye yaigona kupedzwa mugore ra1685, nemhemberero yekuendeswa kwemhandara kumusha wayo mutsva. December 8. , uko zviremera zvehurumende yeArgentina nezviremera zveChechi yeKaturike yomunzvimbomo zvakatora rutivi, pakati pekutaura kwakaitwa naDoña Ana de Matos iye akataura zvinotevera:
"Nekuda kwekuti ini ndinoda zvikuru kukumbira kwaMukadzi Wedu weKumba Kwakachena uye neMufananidzo wake Unoera, ndinotenda uye ndinopa kune iyo Image nzvimbo yese yandichazoda kuvakwa kwechapel yake ..."
Pakupedzisira Doña Ana akafara kuti akakwanisa kuzadzisa chinangwa chake uye zuva rakatevera mhemberero akaenda kune oratory kundonyengetera asi paakasvika panzvimbo yakatsaurirwa kumhandara, akanga asiri paatari uye achimutsvaka zvikuru, vakamuwanazve pakaitika chishamiso chake chokutanga. Pakutanga kwaidavirwa kuti wakanga uri muuyo womumwe wavatarisiri vechifananidzo asi apo wakadzorerwa ndokuiswa paatari, chinhu chimwe chetecho chakaitikazve mazuva mashomanene gare gare, idi iri richirangarirwa kuva chishamiso.
The Black Manuel
Pakatanga mushakabvu waiva panyika yaDon Rosendo pakatsaurirwa muranda mutema ainzi Manuero.Akasvika ari mukaravhani yaitakura mhandara mbiri idzi akaona zvakaitika paakatadza kudhonza ngoro kuti dzifambe. Mutevedzeri akacherechedza chido chaainamata mhandara, akasarudza kumuendesa kubasa rehemitage, achizvitsaurira iye oga kutarisira mhandara kusvikira afa.
Pakati pegore 1638 akaroora mukadzi wechiCreole aibva munharaunda inozivikanwa saBeatriz uye aiva wemhuri yeGonzález Filiano; Wakanga uri muchato wakapfava uye wakazvininipisa wakapembererwa munzvimbo yeMhandara yeLuján, akatendeka achiva sahwira waManuel uye achimutsigirawo mukuchengetedza chinamato cheMhandara Yakaropafadzwa yaive munharaunda yeLuján.
Zita raManuel rinofarirwa zvikuru pakutaura nezveMhandara yaLuján, nguva dzose achisimbisa chokwadi chokudziya kwake uye kuda kuita basa racho, pasinei norufu rwomudzimai wake muna 1670, haana kumborasikirwa nokuzvipira kwake kushumira Mhandara yeLujan. . Nguva dzose yakatsaurirwa kuva mutungamiri wemifananidzo, kunze kwekuzvitsaurira kune tallow yemakenduru nokuda kwekuvapo kwemhandara.
Pakati pegore ra1681 mufananidzo weMhandara yeLuján wakatamisirwa kuimba yokutaura yaDoña Matos, zviitiko zvinoshamisa zvakatanga kuitika apo mhandara yakawanikwa yanyatsogeza nedova mangwanani, mukuwedzera kune zvinomera nemashizha zvinoumbwa nemichero. akakomberedzwa nemaruva, achifunga kuti mhandara pachayo yakamuudza kuti yakanga yava nguva yokuti abve panzvimbo yacho, nokuti nzvimbo yacho yakanga yakamanikana haaigona kushanda nezvishamiso zvake zvose.
Manuel mutema akafa mugore ra1686 apo vakuru vekereke vakazivisa zvinotevera:
"El Negro Manuel akafa ari muhutsvene, nekuda kwetsika yake itsika kuti mutumbi wake wakavigwa kuseri kweAtari Yepamusoro yeNzvimbo Tsvene, wakazorora patsoka dzeMufananidzo wake waaida weMukadzi Wedu weLuján. Manuel mutema akapfeka saga semhedzisiro yenyama, uye achikura ndebvu refu nenzira yehemiti.."
Baba vaMontalbo
Pakati pegore 1684, Baba Pedro Montalbo, vakazvipira zvakanyanya kubasa rechechi, vakarwara zvakanyanya rimwe zuva nekuda kwedambudziko reasthma iro rakawedzera zvakanyanya mamiriro ake, risingamupa chengetedzo yehupenyu, saka, shanyira temberi duku Yakasimudzwa naDoña Mato kumuchengeti mutsvene weArgentina, asi asina chido chekukumbira kureverera kwake, asi kuti afe ari pamwe chete nekuvapo kwake uye panzvimbo yekunamata.
Nguva refu asati asvika panzvimbo yekutaura aifanira kufamba ndokuona kuti rwendo rwakanga rwakaoma, saka paakasvika muviri wake uye hutano hwakanga hwaderera zvekuti vakamupa kuti afa, vachimubatsira vanhu vese munharaunda vakamuendesa kwaive neatari yeMhandara yaLuján uye Manuel mutema akazodza chifuva chake achishandisa tallow kubva mukenduru uye mushure menguva pfupi yakauya mumwenje weMompbontal.
Manuero mutema akamuudza kuti ave nekutenda, kuti atende kuti zvechokwadi aizopora kubva kuchirwere chake chaityisa, nekuti mhandara yaisazomurega achiparara nekusiya basa rake guru, yaida kuti ave mufundisi uye zvaifanira kuva saizvozvo. zvichiratidza kwaari nguva dzose kuti agare akasimba uye akasimba kuti arege kurasikirwa netariro. Manuel achiona kuti Baba vakanga vaita chimwe chinhu asi vakanga vasati vanyatsogadzikana uye vakasimba.
Akafunga kutora rukato, maruva, zvirimwa, mhodzi, midzi neminzwa yaigara ichimera padhirezi remhandara, aiwanzozvichengeta kuti ashongedze aritari nechishamiso chakanaka chemhandara, akafunga kuibvarura osanganisa nayo. madhaka akapiswa efimbriae ndokuabika pamoto nemvura shoma kusvikira muto waumbwa. Kana yangogadzirira, ndinoipa kumupristi kuti agone kuidya zvakaipisisa kupfuura zvaachaita muzita reMhandara Yakaropafadzwa.
Baba vakateera zvavakapihwa naManuero mutema ndokupedza nezita remhandara, kana mushonga wangopera chete nemushonga uyu baba vanenge vasununguka pakurwisa kwavo nekunyura, vachimuka vari vatano, mushure maizvozvo Baba. , mukuonga, akaramba ari mufundisi weMhandara yeLuján achishanda nokuda kwebasa rehemitage kwemakore gumi, achizvipa nokungwarira, kuzvipira kukuru uye kutonga kwechapel.
Baba Montalbo pavakangotora kutonga kwechapel yeMhandara yeLuján pakati pe1685, vakafunga kuisa mufananidzo wacho muchapel nyowani, yaizozivikanwa seMontalbo Chapel. Nhasi inozivikanwa seimwe yenzvimbo dzinonyanya kushandiswa pakureverera, kuve nehunhu uye nemukurumbira munyika. Baba Montalbo vakafa musi waKukadzi 1, 1701.
Don Juan de Lezica uye Torrezuri
Munhoroondo yeMhandara yeLuján, Don Juan de Lezica y Torrezuri anomira pachena. Anoonekwa semukurumbira ane mukurumbira muSpanish Crown akakwanisa kuita mabasa ake muCabildo yeBuenos Aires, akabata mazita ehumambo senge mucherechedzo, zvekusvika pakuonekwa semugari weRepublic of Argentina. Nekudaro, aizivikanwawo zvakanyanya munyika nekuda kwekubatana kwake neMhandara yeLuján, achiikwidziridza kusvika pachinzvimbo cheguta, uye kuve mumwe wevakabatsira zvikuru mukuvaka basilica muzita rake.
Royal Lieutenant Don Juan de Lezica y Torrezuri aive munhu aizivikanwa uye anoremekedzwa muLatin America yese, aigara muBolivia uye akazvipira kubhizinesi rake nebasa rekushanya munyika yese nekondinendi. Kamwe kamwe kubva pane imwe nguva kuenda kune imwe akarwara zvakakomba ndokuita chisarudzo chokutamira kuBuenos Aires asi navanachiremba vose akadzingwa asina tariro youpenyu.
Nekufamba kwenguva ndinonzwa nezve zvishamiso zveMhandara yeLuján, musande weArgentina; achirangarira nyaya dzese dzakakurumbira dzine chekuita naye, nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, akatamira kuimba yake yekunamatira aine chivimbo kuti atsvage chishamiso chehupenyu hwake, pakusvika ikoko akaporeswa zvachose, mushure meizvozvo, akatamira kuBolivia zvakare asi chirwere chakatanga, saka akaita sarudzo yekudzokera kuSpain kunopedza mwaka nemhuri yake, pakupera kwegore akafunga kumbomira muBueruginsts kubva kuVientrus Aires kwaaive akasununguka.
Kubva ipapo, mureza wacho akanzwa achionga chose nokuti akati ruponeso rwake rwakabva kuMhandara yeLuján, saka akasarudza kutamira kuArgentina ndokuvaka temberi muzita reMhandara. Akatanga kukudziridza zvirongwa zveupfumi, zvematongerwe enyika, zvenzanga, uye zvokutarisira kuti aite basa rake noruoko. Izvi zvakakurudzirwa nekuona kuti imba yeMontalbo yakanga yakashata uye kuti nzvimbo iyi yakanga isina kukodzera Mhandara yakaisvonaka.
Kuvakwa kwetemberi kwakatanga pakati pegore ra1754, kuchivhura nheyo itsva nerutsigiro rwezvimwe zviremera zvakaita saMonsignor Marcelino naAgramonte, vachichera pasi padombo, apo shongwe yacho yakanga yakareba mamita makumi matatu nepfumbamwe, yakanga inewo 39 metres dome kureba kwaisanganisira semicircular enclosure; 66,5 yakafara uye zvakare aive neave anosvika 13,2 metres kureba.
Temberi yakapedzwa pakati pa1763 uye yakatsaurirwa makore maviri gare gare. Mhandara yakabva yaendeswa kutemberi yayo itsva kwaaizogara kwemakore 141 kusvika pakati pa1904. Nezvese izvi, Ensign Lezica akapa chinzvimbo cheVilla uye akapawo kuzvitonga kuzere kunzvimbo tsvene yeMhandara yeLuján. Nekufamba kwenguva, basa rake rakazivikanwa zvakanyanya, zvekusvika pakunzi meya weGuta reBuenos Aires.
Kuvakwa kweGreat Basilica
Pakati pegore 1889, Baba Jorge María Salvaire vakagadzwa semupristi wekereke yetembere yeLuján, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti nguva imwe neimwe muprista mutsva anotarisira mabasa echechi anogadzwa uye nenzira imwecheteyo. utungamiriri hwemhandara hwakanzi hwakagoverwa baba vamwechete Jorge María. Kubva ipapo, baba vaive nemoyo yavo kukura tembere yemhandara kuita basilica yakakodzera ukuru hwavo.
Pakati pegore 1890, mushure mekukunda zvipingamupinyi zvikuru zvinotendwa, akakwanisa kutanga kuvakwa kwebhesilica, achikwanisa kusarudza marongerwo uye maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekugadzira, achisarudza maitiro eGothic, ari maitiro akabudirira zvikuru muWestern. European basilicas muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX nerechi XNUMX, nenzira iyi kutanga kwebasilica netembere itsva kwakavamba, umo mufananidzo weMhandara yaLuján unowanikwa iye zvino.
Boka rakakura remavara enguva munzvimbo yezvivakwa uye mainjiniya akamira pachena. Zvakadai sa, Alfonso Flamand naRómulo Ayerza (mainjiniya); Ulrich Courtois, Ernesto Moreau, Francisque Fleury Tronquoy, Trouve naLaspe (vagadziri). Kutanga basa apo bhishopi mukuru akanga achitarisira kutora mutoro wose webasa racho, achishandisa nguva dzose uzivi hwokusashandisa mari inopfuura yaikweretwa pakuvaka kupfuura yakabvumirwa.
Kutanga kwokuvaka chivako chacho kwakaparira fariro huru munzanga yeArgentina, nemishumo yefambiro mberi mumagazini namapepanhau, ichikurudzira idi rokuti kwakanga kusina mupiro waibva kuhurumende kana kuti kuhurumende asi kuti yakavakwa nemari yaipiwa nevateveri vakatendeka. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, nheyo dzakasiyana dzakamiswa pasi uye madziro edambudziko guru iro Baba Salvaire vakatora akatanga kusimuka.
Pakati pezvirongwa zvakasiyana, ovheni yezvidhina yakarongwa, pamwe nekutema, mashopu ematombo, rudzi rwekuveza, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. Kusvika pamwero wekuti vatungamiriri vepamusoro vakafunga kuti chaive chishuwo uye chakakura kwazvo chirongwa, chichipikisa zvimwe zvikumbiro, vachipokana nezvirongwa uye kunonoka kuvakwa kwebasa, kusvikira bhishopi ataura:
"Mhandara inoda temberi iyi uye vanhu veArgentina, vachiziva kuti ndezvemutsvene wavo, vawedzera rupo, ibasa rekusimbisa Amai veKudenga uye nokudaro kuva nechechi yakakodzera kwaari"
Kamwe chete zvirongwa zvehunyanzvi Ulrico Courtois naAlfonso Flamand zvakabvumidzwa, vakatanga mapurojekiti avo pakati pe1890s, vachiita kuchera kuti vatange Basilica yeMhandara yeLuján inoratidzwa muzvirongwa zvebasa. Mukuwedzera kune zvakare kurongerwa kugadzirwa kwecrypt, nzvimbo iyi yaive nechinangwa chikuru chekutsaurirwa kuita rubhabhatidzo, zvakare misa uye mamwe marudzi emhemberero.
Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pakati pa1895, nhamba huru yemafashamo yakaitika nemhaka yokuti Rwizi rwaLuján rwakanga rwuri pedyo nenzvimbo yokuvaka. Naizvozvo, kuvaka kwakanonoka kusvika pakati pa1895, apo kuvaka kwakakwanisa kupfuurira. Panguva ino, kuvakwa kwakatanga pambiru nembiru, nemahwindo emaruva achiiswa uye madziro okumaodzanyemba achipedzwa.
Nehurombo, pakati pe1899, Baba Salvaire vakafa uye mutumbi wavo wakavigwa kumadokero transept mukati mebasilica. Baba Brignardello vakagadzwa kuti vamutsive uye vatore kutonga kwekuvakwa. Pakutanga, zvaityirwa kuti basa raigona kuoma mitezo nekuda kwekushaya kwemudziviriri wayo mukuru, asi zvakapesana zvakaitika nekuti zvakaenderera mberi nerutsigiro uye shungu dzevatendi.
Pakasvika pakati pa1904, zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvebasa rokuvaka zvakanga zvapedzwa, uye chechi yakanga ichiumbwa nezvidhori 14 zvakaitirwa atari huru. Pakupera kwenguva yekudzidzisa, basa rakapedzwa uye chifananidzo chaLuján chakatamiswa kubva kutemberi yeLeca kuenda kukamuri yayo itsva. Isati yaibvisa, nyika yakakomborerwa uye yakaiswa mumusha wayo mutsva.
Tercentenary yeChishamiso
Izwi rekuti tercentenary rakapihwa payaive nemakore mazana matatu ekuberekwa kubva munana uyu waitwa kekutanga. Achisimbisa chokwadi chemvumo yabhishopi mukuru, kwaakatora mutoro wakazara, akanga akatanhamara zvikuru nokuda kwokusashandisa mari inopfuura yakabvumirwa nokuda kwokuvaka, akasvika papfundo rokududzwa mumagazini akasiyana-siyana namapepanhau, akadai se“La Perla del Plata” iyo yakavambwa mugore rimwe chetero uyewo kuwana mukurumbira mukuru nokuda kwokutevera basa reMhandara yeLuján.
Kusimbisa nguva dzese kufarira kukuru, kuunza mamiriro ekutsigira uye kushingaira kukuru kune vese vatendi vanove vateveri vakuru vedzidziso dzeMarian, saka yakamira kunze kwekupemberera mazana matatu emakore ayo akamutsa gore 1630, iyo nzvimbo uko. Ngoro yakaramba kufambira mberi kutozosvikira mhandara duku yaiswa pedyo norwizi rwaLuján, naizvozvo, kupemberera kukuru kwakaitwa mukurangarira chiitiko ichi.
Panguva iyoyo, mwedzi wekurangarira wakasarudzwa kuMhandara yeLuján, pamwe naGumiguru uri mwedzi wakakodzera kwazvo kupemberera mazana matatu emakore echishamiso, nevhiki yakazara yakatsaurirwa kumhemberero dzese nemhemberero dzakagadzirirwa Mhandara yeLuján, mukuwedzera kukuva akakodzera nokuda kwekupembererwa kweMhandara yeLuján uye basilica yakaguma muzita rake, richiva gore rinokosha zvikuru kuvateveri vayo vose vakuru.
Kuzvidaidza kuti Svondo Guru reLujanense reTerecentenary, neSvondo, Gumiguru 5, zuva rimwe chetero rakaziviswa zuva repamutemo remhandara, mukuwedzera pakuzvizivisa semusande mukuru weRepublics matatu ePlata: Argentina, Paraguay neUruguay. . Nekuda kwekuzvipira kukuru kuripo muArgentina, mukurumbira wayo wakapararira kunyika dzakavakidzana uye nekuda kwezvibvumirano zvikuru zvezvematongerwo enyika uye zvenharaunda zvakakwanisika kuwedzera hutsigiro hwayo.
Pakati pemakore ekuma1930, mumwe wemabhishopu makuru eLa Plata naLuján, anozivikanwa saMonsignor Francisco Alberti, akazivikanwa nekuzvipira kwake kukuru nebasa rakazvipira muzita reMhandara, akakumbira achimiririra maepiscopates eArgentina, Uruguayan neParaguay kuna Pope Pius XI, chiziviso chepamutemo cheLutron saint weMhandara.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kutorwa semusande kana mhandara semutsigiri wenyika, kunamatwa kukuru kunopiwa kuhukuru hwake, mukuwedzera kune iyo nyika ichinzi muteveri wake mukuru, anomiririra pamberi peChechi yeKatorike sechiremera chikuru chemweya mu nyika, saka, nekuda kwezvishamiso zvinoramba zvichiitika, vateveri vazhinji uye nzira huru yekuzvipira kweMhandara, zvakaonekwa zvakakosha kupa zita rakadaro kuMhandara yeLuján.
Pana September 8, 1930, Mhandara yeLuján inoziviswa somusande wokudenga pamberi paMwari. Mushure mekuziviswa, chiyeuchidzo chakaitwa muzita rake pamberi pechivako chakavakwa uye chakapedzwa, chiripo nevakuru vakuru vechechi vanobatanidzwa mubasa rakadai saMonsignor Andrea, Monsignor Dionisio Napal, avo vaitungamirira kutora mhiko pamberi. yeboka guru. , kwavakashuma kuti Mhandara Maria weLuján yakagamuchirwa somusande weArgentina.
Rakanga riri zuva rokupemberera apo nhare yebhero yakarira zvikuru, nziyo dzokupemberera dzichiimbwa, uye nziyo dzendudzi nhatu dzesirivha dzakaziviswa. Raionekwa serimwe remazuva akakosha kwazvo kuvanhu veArgentina uye rinopembererwa zvakanyanya nevese vatendi. Izvo zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti izuva rakakosha kwazvo kune vateveri veMarian munyika uye pasirese.
Buenos Aires Mission
Buenos Aires inoonekwa seguta guru reRepublic yeArgentina, uko pakati pemakore ekuma1960, guta guru raipemberera mazuva akasiyana nemamwe, richipemberera kutanga kwekuzvipira kwaro kukuru kuMhandara Maria weLuján uye kugara richikumbira tsitsi dzekudenga. .
Kupinda kwevanhu vazhinji pakati pevateveri, mamishinari eArgentina nevekunze uko vakauya kuzopemberera kuzvipira kukuru kwakagovaniswa nenyika, pakati pevatendi vakuru vaifanira kuisa pfungwa pakuparidza evhangeri kwavaitarisa kuzvipira kukuru kweMhandara yeLuján. nevateveri ivavo vakatendeka vedzidziso dzeMarian dzinopiwa neChechi yeKaturike.
Pana September 28 wegore rimwe chetero, kuchengeta kwacho kwakavamba apo mufananidzo weMhandara yeLuján wakabva muchechi somumiriri womukadzi mufundisi, uchisimbisa ukoshi hwokutakura evhangeri somuenzaniso mukuru. Zvikamu zvakawanda zvevanhu veArgentina vakamugamuchira nekuombera, nziyo dzakasiyana, nhamba huru yemabhendi uye kunyange misodzi yemanzwiro.
Mataundi acho akanga ari Rodríguez, Morón, Lomas de Zamora, Avellaneda, pakati pamamwe, aya mataundi aizivikanwa zvikuru nemhaka yokuti mataundi iwayo akanga asati ambosvikwa, naizvozvo, rairangarirwa kuva zuva rokufananidzira zvikuru uye rinokosha, richiva muenzaniso womufundisi mukuru. Kusimbisa chokwadi chekuti mapoka akaungana, achigara achiswedera kuti ave chikamu chechiitiko chakadaro uye kukurudzira munhu wese kuyananiswa kukuru naJesu Kristu.
Mamwe mapepanhau akasimuka kuti atsanangure zviitiko zvemazuva ekupedzisira, kwaakasimbisa kuti dzimba idzi dzakanga dzisingagarwi zvachose, apo vagari vose vakabuda kuti vaone chiitiko chacho uye nguva inokosha, vachiunganidza pamabhakoni, mashizha. Nguva yese apo mabasa ese ane chekuita neMhandara aiitwa, nguva dzose manyawi makuru uye huturu, kubatana sevanhu vamwe uye kunzwa kumwe.
Kupemberera chiitiko apo Mhandara yaLuján yakatakurwa somufananidzo woufundisi nomumisha iri kure zvikurusa muArgentina, mibato yakadai sezvikoro, zvitoro zvokugadzira motokari, zvitoro zvinotengesa nyama, uye mabasa akajairika, pakati pezvimwe, zvakamiswa. Vanhu vese vekuArgentina vaipemberera zuva ravo renyika rakatsaurirwa kumutendi wenyika chete.
Kupfuurirazve, chiitiko chacho chakanga chisati chiri bedzi nhau yokufamba nomumaguta iwayo ari kure; mufananidzo wacho waitarisirwawo muPlaza Mayo. Nguva iyo Mhandara yakasvika paMetropolitan Cathedral, yaizokwaziswa neboka guru. Monsignor Serafini ndiye aive nebasa rekupa mufananidzo kuna Cardinal Caggiano uye zvakare kuna Archbishop weBuenos Aires. Apo mufananidzo wacho wakangogamuchirwa nokuombera nokufara kukuru, akapa hurukuro yokugamuchira Mhandara.
Pakati pemashoko ake, basa guru renyika dzeArgentina rakataurwa, iro raive rekuendesa kunamatira uku kumamishinari akasiyana uye evhangeri munyika yose, zvichiita kuti munhu wose azive kukosha uye kukosha kwemutendi mukuru wenyika.
Mufananidzo weMhandara yeLuján wakaramba uchishanyira matunhu ese ari padyo munyika, ayo akasarudzwa zvine hungwaru padyo neyakavakwa basilica, rwendo rwese urwu rwakaitwa mumwedzi waNovember. Chokwadi chesimba guru rekufunga iro rainaro pamusoro pevagari vese venyika yeArgentina rinofanira kujekeswa, nekuda kwekuti kuratidzwa kukuru kwakaonekwa nevose vakapinda.
Kupedza basa guru roumishinari nemufananidzo weMhandara yeLuján, nekuda kwekubudirira kukuru kwakawanikwa zuva iroro, inorangarirwa nekubata 1st International Marian Congress, ichisimbisa chokwadi chokuti chiitiko chakatanhamara kune vese vateveri veMhandara. uye yedzidziso dzakasiyana-siyana dzeMarian dzakateverwa nemukurumbira mukuru muLatin America yose.
Mushure mekunge chiitiko chapera, chiitiko chakatamira kuPalermo Gardens kunosimudza chirangaridzo muzita reMhandara. Nzvimbo iyi yakanzi imwe yenzvimbo huru dzemusangano wepasi rose weMarian.
Kushanya kwaJohn Paul II kuBasilica yeLuján
John Paul II anonzi papa wechi264 weChechi yeRoma, achigadzwa semukuru wechechi iyi muna 1978 kusvika parufu rwake muna 2005. Anonzi ndiye papa wekutanga wekuPoland anotaurwa munhoroondo yechiKristu cheKaturike, sapapa wake anonzi chechitatu chakareba munhoroondo chakatora makore 27. Achitorwa semumwe wevatungamiriri vane simba kwazvo vezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, aine masirogani akati wandei pamadingindira ekurwisa communism, achipokana neMarxism uye dzakasiyana dzidziso dzerusununguko.
Anoonekwa somumwe wevarume vane simba guru muEurope, kunyanya nokuda kwekubatana mukugumisa communism muPoland uyewo nokuda kwekubatana kwake mukusunungurwa kwekondinendi yose yeEurope; Pamusoro pezvo, yaizivikanwa nekutanga hukama hutsva hwekutaurirana pakati pekereke dzechiJudha, dzeOrthodox nedzeAnglican. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, inoonekwa seimwe yeanonyanya kuratidza uye ane pesvedzero kuita kwapapa kwenguva dzese.
Pope John Paul II akaratidzirwa nokuita nzendo dzakawanda neshanyo munyika yose, nguva dzose sechimwe chezviratidzo zveChechi yeKaturike, pakati pacho shanyo yake kunyika yeArgentina inotanhamara seshanyo kuchechi yeLuján muna 1982; akagamuchirwa pane chimwe chezviteshi zvikuru zvechitima nemumwe wemabhishopu eBasilica anozivikanwa saBhishopi weMercedes uyezve naMonsignor Emilio Ogñenovich.
Kuendesa Pope John Paul II kuchechi, asi asati asvika akanga akamirirwa nemhomho yevanhu vaidedera nemhomho yevanhu vakatanga kuvheyesa mireza nemufaro vachiimbawo; Azviratidza kuboka revanhu, akapinda muchechi yeRoma ndokupfugama pamberi peMhandara yeLuján. Akaburutswa kubva paatari yake yegoridhe chete kuti aiswe panzvimbo yakakwirira yePapa. Zvinonzi mamwe mashoko akataurwa naPope ndeaya:
“Ndinouya kuzonyengeterera avo vose vakarasikirwa noupenyu hwavo: nokuda kwevakaurawa kumativi ose; kumhuri dzinotambura, sezvandakaitawo kuGreat Britain. Ndinouya kuzonamatira rugare, kune mhinduro ine chiremera uye yakarurama kuhondo yezvombo »
Apedza kunamata, akasimuka ndokutambidza Mhandara bhokisi rakanga rakavhurika zvachose raiva neRose rinonzi Golden Rose, chipo chinokosha chakabva kuchechi yeRoma uye muzita raMwari. Kushanya uku kwaionekwa sechiratidzo muArgentina yose, yakaremekedzwa nemunhu akakosha uye anopembererwa, akamira sechiitiko chikuru mukukudza Mhandara.
Homily yaPapa Francis muLuján 2012
Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, anozivikanwawo nhasi saPope Francis, anoonekwa semumwe wevanhu vane mukurumbira muArgentina, sezvo ari papa wekutanga wekuArgentina. Anozivikanwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwezvaakaita munyika dzechiKristu uyezve munyika, achishanda sapurofesa wemitauro uye psychology, mubatsiri wemakemikari, uye chinhu chakakosha kunharaunda yevaJesuit.
Ndiye Pope wechi266 uyezve ndiPope wekereke yeKatorike iyezvino, anoonekwa semumwe wevapristi vakuru vaive pasi pejasi raPope John Paul II, akatanga kutorwa saPope mushure mekufa kwaJohn Paul II asi Benedict XVI akasarudzwa, pakati pegore ra2013 pakaitwa conclave apo kusiya chigaro kwaPope kwakasimbiswa uye mushure mesarudzo yaBerrgentine Mario akasarudzwa.
Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio aizivikanwa nokuda kwemizhinji yemibato yake muArgentina, uko akabatira somupristi ndokutora rutivi nenzira yokutendeka mumhemberero dzeMhandara yeLuján. Imwe yemharidzo dzake dzekupedzisira, yakatsaurirwa mukukudzwa kwake pakati pegore ra2012 panguva yerwendo rwevechidiki vasati vagadzwa sePope, yakakumikidzwa imba yemusha panguva yerwendo rwemakumi matatu nesere, rwunopfupikiswa sezvizvi:
Nhasi tinopedzisa rwendo urwu kuImba yeMhandara, uye sezvinoitwa gore rega rega uye pane imwe neimwe yekushanya kwake, isu ticharamba takanyarara pamberi pemufananidzo wake. Tinofanira kuziva kuti ari pedyo nesu zvikuru, iye anotigamuchira muImba yake gore rino, Imba ino inokutendai yakashongedzwa zvakanyanyisa kunaka. Ndiko kusaka tichitenda zvikuru kune vose vakaisa simba ravo mune izvi. Asi pamusoro pezvose, isu tine chido ichi chekunamata, kubvunza, uye kuudza Amai vedu zvese zviri chikamu chehupenyu hwedu, uye kunyanya kune vese vanofambira munzira.
Zvino, zvakafanira kuti titeerere kuEvhangeri inotitaurira iyo nguva iyo Jesu anotisiira Amai vake kuti vatidzivirire, nguva iyoyo yakaitika pamuchinjikwa uye nechikonzero chikuru tinobatirira pairi, kambani yeMhandara uye zvakare. iya yaJesu. Apo nzira dzedu dzakachengetedzwa nevaviri vavo. Pamusoro pedu isu maCatholic kuti kutenda kwedu kuri mavari uye kunyanya muno mune Imba yekutenda yenyika yedu! Ndosaka tichipa minamato yedu uye tichinzwawo semoyo yedu nekuti tiri muImba yaAmai vedu, muImba yekutenda yeNyika yedu.
Nhasi zvatiri mukati meImba yaAmai vedu, tinoti kwavari: kuti vatidzidzise kushandira kururamisira. Unoziva here kuti ndiani akauya nechikumbiro ichi? kwamuri imi. Hungu, nemhaka yokuti muminyengetero yavanonyora pavanoshanyira Luján, uyu munyengetero wakavamba kuoneka, uyo nhasi uno chirevo chokuti: “Amai, tidzidzisei kushandira ruramisiro.”
Uyu unofanira kunge uri motto inorova mumoyo yevafambi veMhandara uye inofanira kugara ichiratidzwa semunamato. MaPilgrim, vana vemunyika yedu inodiwa ino. Imi, mudiwa wedu Luján, muri musha wevana vose veMhandara, ndokusaka tichiuya kwamuri nechikumbiro chinotevera: kuti mutidzidzise kushandira kururamisira, uye kuti mutidzidzise kushanda kuti tive vanhu vakarurama muupenyu.
Munamato kuna Mai vedu veLuján
Kutaura kwese kweMarian kune mazuva ekupemberera, nziyo dzakakosha, nziyo dzekutaura, pakati pezvimwe zvakawanda zvekutsaurira, asi minamato yakasimudzwa muzita rake inomira pamusoro pezvose. Ngatidzidzei nezvemumwe weminamato yakatsaurirwa kuMhandara yeLuján:
VMhandara Maria, Amai vaMwari naMai vedu. Mukadzi wedu weLuján, Mutariri wako anodiwa kwazvo wenyika yedu; Tinouya pamberi penyu, tichisimudza meso edu nemaoko edu kwamuri… Mai Vakuru Vetariro, vevarombo nevevafambi, tinzwei…
Nhasi tinokukumbira iwe Argentina, yevanhu vedu. Tinokukumbirai kuti muvhenekere rudzi rwedu runodiwa nezuva rokururamisira, kuti chiedza chemangwanani matsva, chakaipisisa kupfuura nakare kose, chive chiedza chaJesu. Ndapota batidza moto mutsva werudo pakati pedu hama dzeArgentina.
Isu takabatana pasi pechiedza chebhuruu uye chena chemureza wedu, uye mavara ejasi rako, asi kunyanya tinokuudza kuti pazuva rakafanana nanhasi, chingwa chenyama chinodiwa mudzimba dzakawanda, asi kunyanya chingwa chechokwadi nekururamisira. zvinodiwa.mupfungwa dzakawanda. Tinokumbira kuti muuye nechingwa cherudo pakati pehama uye chingwa chaJesu chishaikwa mumwoyo.
Tinokukumbirai imi amai Luján, kuti pamusoro pezvose mudzime ruvengo, kuti mupedze zvishuvo zvakanyanyisa, kuti murege kubvumira chishuvo chefivha yezvinhu zvokunyama uye chipararire paivhu redu, mhodzi yokuzvininipisa, yokunzwisisa. Bvisai sora rekuzvikudza, bvisai Kaini vanogona kudzika tende ravo paivhu redu, asi tinokumbira kuti hakuna Abheri asina mhosva anogeza nzira dzedu neropa rake.
Mai vako tibatsire kuonana sehama, kuti tiri pasi pedenga rimwechete, uye pasi pemureza mumwe chete. Kuti tinogoverana kusuwa kumwe chete asiwo mufaro wakafanana. Tizadze netariro yako, bvisa urombo hwedu hwenyama uye hwemweya uye kuti, kubata ruoko rwako, ngatitaure zvakanyanya kupfuura kare: ARGENTINA! ARGENTINA, IMBA UYE FAMBA!
Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chave chekuda kwako, heano anotevera malink kune vamwe angangove aunofarira iwe: