ari Mayunivhesiti ekuAmerica akatsaurirwa kutsvagurudza Vava vanhu vakakosha mune zvesainzi yepasi rose. MuLatin America neCaribbean, kunyanya, masangano edzidzo yepamusoro ari kungobatsira kugadzira ruzivo rwesainzi, pasinei nebhajeti shoma, mari shoma yemunhu oga, uye kazhinji nzvimbo dzisina kugadzikana dzemasangano. Izvi hazvisi zvinhu zvidiki, asi zvinokanganisa mhando yekutsvagisa uye kukanganisa kwayo pakugadzira zvinhu zvitsva, kutamiswa kwetekinoroji, uye kukura kwehupfumi.
Kana tikanyatsoongorora zvinhu zvikuru kurongeka kwematunhu nepasi rosePamwe chete neongororo dzinobva kumasangano epasi rose, mufananidzo wakaoma unobuda: kune rumwe rutivi, mayunivhesiti anotungamira akadai seYunivhesiti yeSão Paulo, UNAM, nePontifical Catholic University of Chile, ayo ari pamusoro pemaindices epasi rose; kune rumwe rutivi, mamiriro enzvimbo yakakura yemasangano ane mhedzisiro yakakosha yesainzi asi ari kutambudzika kuwana kuoneka uye kushandura sainzi iyoyo kuita mapatenti, hunyanzvi, kana marongero eruzhinji anoshanda. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora nzvimbo iyi takadzikama, tichibatanidza data rekuenzanisa, mapurojekiti chaiwo ekutsvagisa, uye basa rinoitwa nemayunivhesiti aya mukati mehurongwa hwekutsvagisa hwenyika.
Kusarudzwa kwemayunivhesiti akanakisa muLatin America nekutsvagisa
Paunotaura nezvazvo kugona kwekutsvaga muLatin AmericaChiyero chikuru chinowanzo kuve QS Latin America University Rankings, iyo inoongorora hunhu hwedzidzo, kugona kuwana mabasa, kugona kwesainzi, kugona kutaurwa, uye kugona kusvika kune dzimwe nyika. Muchinyorwa chazvino cheiyi ranking chaiyo yedunhu, Chile, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, neColombia ndizvo zviri munzvimbo zhinji dzepamusoro, zvichiratidza kuti hunyanzvi hwesainzi hwakanyanya hwakanyanya pari zvino hwakanangana pari zvino.
Pakukwirira kwenzvimbo iyi panowanikwa Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC)MuSantiago, ine mamaki epamusoro uye hutungamiriri hwakanaka mukutsvaga, kunyora magwaro, uye mukurumbira wedzidzo. UC inotsigirwa ne Universidad de Chile, iyo inowanawo chinzvimbo chakanaka nekuiswa pakati pevatatu vepamusoro muLatin America uye kuzvibatanidza seimwe yenzvimbo dzesainzi dzine simba guru muSouthern Cone.
Brazil inopa masangano akati wandei akakodzera: iyo Universidade de São Paulo (USP)la State University yeCampinas (UNICAMP) and the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Dziri pakati pegumi zvepamusoro mudunhu iri. Mayunivhesiti aya anosiyana nehuwandu hwemabhuku avo, zvavanoburitsa muminda yeSTEM, uye kuvapo kwe mapurogiramu apedza kudzidza kubatanidzwa kwakasimba uye kubatanidzwa kwakasimba mumasangano ekutsvagisa epasi rose, kunyanya mune zvesainzi, mainjiniya uye mushonga.
Mexico ine basa rakakoshawo mumepu iyi: iyo Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) and the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (Tecnológico de Monterrey) Vari pakati pemasangano epamusoro emudunhu. UNAM, kunyanya, inosanganisa tsika, boka guru revaongorori, hurongwa hwakakura hwemasangano nenzvimbo, uye basa guru muhurongwa hwesainzi netekinoroji hwenyika.
Colombia yakabatana neboka iri rinotungamira nemayunivhesiti akaita se Yunivhesiti yeAndes (Bogotá) and the Universidad Nacional de Zimbabwedziri pakati pegumi dzakanyanya kukwira muLatin America. Pamwe chete nadzo, Yunivhesiti yeBuenos Aires (UBA) Inoonekwa senzvimbo yepamusoro muArgentina muLatin America, ichiva yega nyika iyoyo iri pamusoro penzvimbo dzakasiyana dzedunhu.
Mayunivhesiti eLatin America ari muzvikamu zvepasi rose
Kunze kwedanho redunhu, zvakakosha kutarisa kuti Mayunivhesiti eLatin America ari muzvikamu zvepasi rosezvakaita seQS World University Rankings. Pano mukana wekukwikwidza unokwira, sezvo hofori dzakadai seUnited States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Spain, nedzimwe nyika dzine simba resainzi dzine masisitimu eR&D ane mari yakawanda uye ane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro-soro hwepasi rose anotanga kushanda.
Pachikero ichi chepasi rose, nzvimbo yakanakisisa munharaunda iyi ndiyo Universidade de São Paulo (USP)iyo iri panhamba 85 pasi rose. Inoteverwa zvakanyanya ne UNAM kunenge muna 93 uye Yunivhesiti yeBuenos Aires (UBA) pedyo nenzvimbo yechi95. Ose ari pakati pemayunivhesiti zana epamusoro pasi rose, kubudirira kunoshamisa tichifunga nezvekusiyana kwekudyara muR&D kana tichienzanisa nenyika dzakadai seUnited States kana United Kingdom.
Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa pasi rose ndedzinoti Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chilela Universidad de Chile, the Tecnológico de Monterreyla Yunivhesiti yeAndes (Colombia)la State University yeCampinas (Unicamp)la Universidad Nacional de Zimbabwela Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perula Pontifical Javeriana University and the Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroVose vari muzvikamu zvemakwikwi pane runyorwa, zvichiratidza kuti vari kuramba vachiwanda munyika dzakasiyana-siyana.
Kufungidzira uku kwenyika dzese hakungoitiki kuAmerica chete. Kana tikatarisa kuti ndedzipi nyika dzine mamwe mayunivhesiti anozivikanwa murankingsUnited States iri kutungamira zvikuru nemasangano akanyorwa anosvika 144, ichiteverwa neUnited Kingdom, Spain, Germany, neFrance. Munyaya iyi, mayunivhesiti ekuLatin America ari panjodzi huru kana tichitarisa huwandu hwawo, kunyangwe aine nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzinokwikwidzana zvakaenzana munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeruzivo.
Mupfungwa iyoyo, kuonekwa kwenyika dzakawanda kwakabatana zvikuru kugona kuburitsa mabhuku mumagazini ane simba guruKukwezva tarenda repasi rose, kutanga hukama hwezvirongwa, uye kutora chikamu mumapurojekiti emakwikwi epasi rose (akadai sezvirongwa zveEuropean Horizon kana kushandira pamwe kukuru mufizikisi, nyeredzi, kana sainzi yehutano) ndizvo zvinangwa zvikuru. Ndimo chaimo munzvimbo idzi umo mayunivhesiti eLatin America ave achiita nhanho dzakakosha mumakore achangopfuura.
Sisitimu yemayunivhesiti akasiyana-siyana: kubva kuhutungamiriri hweBrazil kusvika pabasa redzimwe nyika
Rondedzero yakakura yemasangano ari munharaunda iyi, zvichienderana nenzvimbo dzawo muongororo yepasi rose, inoratidza hukuru hwakakura hwe kusiyana-siyana kwenzvimbo yemayunivhesiti eLatin America. Brazil, kunyanya, inotonga muhuwandu: gumi nemaviri emayunivhesiti ehurumende uye ehurumende nenzvimbo dzakashongedzwa dzinoonekwa, kubva kuYunivhesiti yeSão Paulo kuenda kuUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, kana Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, pakati pevamwe vakawanda.
Kutonga uku kweBrazil kunotsanangurwa nehukuru hwenyika, kukura kwenhoroondo yedzidzo yayo yepamusoro, uye kuvapo kwehurongwa hwakabatana hwe zvidzidzo zvepamusoro uye tsvakurudzo inotsigirwa nemari yeruzhinjiMayunivhesiti ehurumende akadai seaya ari muParaná, São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Brasília, Bahia, Pernambuco kana Minas Gerais ane hurongwa hwesainzi hwakakodzera, zvirongwa zvechiremba zvakatenderwa uye zvinongedzo nemasangano enyika akaita seCNPq kana CAPES.
Asi mepu haigumiri kuBrazil. Mekisiko Pamusoro peUNAM neTec de Monterrey, tinowana masangano akakosha akadai seNational Polytechnic Institute, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, University of Guadalajara, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, mayunivhesiti akawanda ehurumende anozvitonga, uye masangano ehunyanzvi hwedunhu. Zvese izvi zvinopa rubatsiro rwakakosha munzvimbo dzakadai seinjiniya, sainzi yehutano, uye sainzi yemagariro evanhu.
En ChilePamusoro peUC neYunivhesiti yeChile, kune mayunivhesiti akadai seYunivhesiti yeConcepción, Austral University yeChile, Yunivhesiti yeSantiago de Chile, Federico Santa María Technical University, Yunivhesiti yeTalca, Yunivhesiti yeValparaíso, Yunivhesiti yeCatholic yeValparaíso, Yunivhesiti yeCatholic yeNorth, Yunivhesiti yeLa Serena, Yunivhesiti yeBudiriro, pamwe nemasangano akawanda akazvimirira ane basa rekutsvaga riri kukura.
Nyaya ya Argentina Yakasiyanawo: kunyangwe Yunivhesiti yeBuenos Aires (UBA) ichisvika pachinzvimbo chepamusoro-soro pasi rose, nyika ine mayunivhesiti akawanda enyika ane ruzivo rwakakura rwesainzi: National University of Córdoba, La Plata, Rosario, Cuyo, Tucumán, Mar del Plata, Comahue, Litoral, Salta, San Juan, pakati pemamwe, pamwe nemasangano etekinoroji akadai seNational Technological University. Kubatana kwayo kwakasimba nemasangano akaita seCONICET kunotsanangura kuwanda kwemapoka ekutsvagisa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana.
En KorombiyaPamusoro peNational University neYunivhesiti yeAndes, kune Yunivhesiti yeValle, Yunivhesiti yeAntioquia, Yunivhesiti yePontifical Javeriana, Yunivhesiti yeRosario, Yunivhesiti yeNorth (Barranquilla), Yunivhesiti yeIndasitiri yeSantander, Yunivhesiti yeCaldas, Yunivhesiti yeCoast, Yunivhesiti yeCartagena kana Yunivhesiti yeLa Sabana, zvese zvine mipiro yakakosha mune zvesainzi dzechisikigo, mainjiniya, hutano, dzidzo kana sainzi yemagariro evanhu.
Mifananidzo yemosaic inopedzwa nemayunivhesiti e Peru (yakadai seCayetano Heredia Peruvian University, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, National University of San Marcos, University of the Pacific, National University of San Agustín, kana National University of Engineering), ivo Uruguay (Yunivhesiti yeRepublic), ivo Costa Rica (Yunivhesiti yeCosta Rica, Technological Institute yeCosta Rica, National University yeCosta Rica), ivo Cuba (Yunivhesiti yeHavana, Yunivhesiti yeSainzi dzeMishonga yeHavana, Yunivhesiti yeCentral Marta Abreu weLas Villas), ivo Venezuela (Central University yeVenezuela, Simón Bolívar University, University of Los Andes, University of Zulia)pamwe chete nemasangano ari muEcuador, Bolivia, Paraguay, Panama, Dominican Republic neAnglophone neFrancophone Caribbean (semuenzaniso, makampasi akasiyana-siyana eYunivhesiti yeWest Indies kana mayunivhesiti eAntilles).
Yunivhesiti senzvimbo huru yekutsvagisa kwenyika muLAC
Kupfuura kusarudzwa, chinhu chikuru ndechekunzwisisa Basa chairo remayunivhesiti muhurongwa hwekutsvagisa hwenyika (NRS) yeLatin America neCaribbean. Zvidzidzo zvemudunhu zvinobvumirana kuti masangano edzidzo yepamusoro anogadzira mabhuku esainzi anopfuura 80% munharaunda iyi, zvichiratidza chinzvimbo chavo semusana webasa reR&D.
Zvisinei, kukosha uku kunowirirana nematambudziko makuru emuumbirwo: pane mari isina kukwana uye kazhinji isingagadzikaneNekudyara mari muR&D (sechikamu cheGDP) pasi zvakanyanya pane zvemasimba makuru esainzi, kutora chikamu kwemakambani akazvimirira kwakaderera, uye chikamu chikuru chemari chinoramba chichienderana nemapazi esainzi kana dzidzo, kana kumasangano ehurumende ane bhajeti shoma zvichienderana nekuchinja kwezvematongerwo enyika.
Uyezve, musiyano unoonekwa pakati pekuburitswa kwakanyanya kwezvinyorwa zvesainzi ne kukanganisa kushoma pakugadzira zvinhu zvitsva uye kutamiswa kwetekinorojiPasinei nemabhuku akawanda, kuchine mapatenti mashoma, budiriro dzinowedzera kukosha, mabhizinesi akavakirwa patekinoroji, kana mhinduro dzinogona kuwedzerwa dzakanangana nematambudziko anobatsira, emagariro, kana ezvakatipoteredza munharaunda iyi.
Ongororo iyi inoratidza kuti mupiro wemayunivhesiti kuSNI wakarongwa kuburikidza nemhando mbiri huru: kune rumwe rutivi, rutsigiro rwehutongi, izvo zvinosanganisira kutora chikamu kwevadzidzi nemayunivhesiti mukutsanangurwa kwesainzi, tekinoroji uye marongero ekuvandudza, mumakanzuru ekupa mazano, makomisheni enyika, kuongororwa kwezvirongwa, nezvimwewo; kune rumwe rutivi, iyo rutsigiro rwehurongwauko masangano anoita basa guru mukuita mapurojekiti ekutanga, kugadzira hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji, kusimudzira mapoka uye kutaurirana nehurumende nemakambani.
Basa iri rinosimbisa pfungwa yekuti mayunivhesiti ndeechokwadi mbiru dzezvinhu zvitsva zvehupenyukwete chete sevagadziri vezvinyorwa zvesainzi, asiwo sevanoburitsa hupfumi hwevanhu hwakakwira (kunyanya kuburikidza Madhigirii eMasters neDoctorate), senzvimbo dzekufungisisa zvakadzama uye senzvimbo dzekushandira pamwe nevamwe vanoita basa, veruzhinji nevepachivande.
Kudyara mari muR&D, kudyidzana kwenyika dzese uye network dzekushandira pamwe
Zvidzidzo zvemunzvimbo zvinosimbisa kuti mari mukutsvaga nekusimudziraKunyange zvazvo zvichikosha, hazvina kukwana kuti zvikwanise kuwana mwero wepamusoro weunyanzvi hwesainzi. Zvinofanira kuperekedzwa nemitemo yekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika, mapurogiramu ekufambisa vaongorori, zvirongwa zvakasimba zvekutumira tekinoroji, uye kushanda pamwe chete kwakasimba nebazi rinogadzira zvinhu.
Mumakore achangopfuura, kufambira mberi kukuru kwakaonekwa mune zvimwe zviratidzo. Muenzaniso mumwe unokosha ndewe kuwedzera kwenhamba yevadzidzi vane dhigirii rezvechiremba neanopfuura 50% muLatin America neCaribbean pakati pa2012 na2021. Kukura uku kunoratidza kubatanidzwa kuri kuita hunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwevashandi, kunyangwe paine mutsauko mukuru pakati penyika nemasangano.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha ndeye kutora chikamu muma network nemapurojekiti epasi roseKubatanidzwa kwemayunivhesiti ekuLatin America muzvirongwa zvakaita seHorizon 2020 kana Horizon Europe, zviito zveMarie Skłodowska-Curie kana ma network ekubatana kwematunhu maviri kwawedzera, zvichibvumira mapoka ekutsvagisa kubatana nevadyidzani vekuEurope, North America kana Asia uye kuwana mari yemakwikwi, zvishandiso, kugara uye kutarisirwa pamwe chete kwezvidzidzo zvechiremba.
Zvisinei, kushandira pamwe muma network kuchiri kuonekwa sekwakadzikama: kunyangwe paine mukana mukuru, kutora chikamu kushoma uye kwakagadzikana kwemayunivhesiti mazhinji Izvi zvinoderedza simba rekushanda pamwe chete uku. Masangano anowanzo tarisa pamasangano madiki ane hunyanzvi, zvichisiya mayunivhesiti ari pakati nepakati kana ari kubuda anogona kubatsirwa zvikuru nekusimudzira uku.
Saka, mazano kubva muongororo idzi anoratidza kuti zvakakosha kuti kuwedzera mari muR&DMushumo uyu unoratidzawo kukosha kwekuvandudza masisitimu ekudzidzisa vanachiremba, kukurudzira kushandira pamwe kwenharaunda pakati pemayunivhesiti (kwete North-South chete, asiwo South-South), uye kusimbisa basa remasangano mukutonga masisitimu ekutsvagisa enyika. Uyezve, unosimbisa kukosha kwekuita tsvakiridzo yakadzama pamusoro pekuzvitonga kwemayunivhesiti, kutonga kwemukati, uye kukanganisa chaiko kwemitemo yemari pamhando yekutsvagisa uye mhedzisiro.
Mapurojekiti ekutsvagisa epamusoro ane hukama pakati peEurope neAmerica
Nzira yakanaka yekunzwisisa kuti tsvakurudzo yemayunivhesiti yakarongwa sei muAmerica uye kubatana kwayo nedzimwe nyika ndeyekuongorora mapurojekiti chaiwo epasi roseVazhinji vavo vanotungamirwa kana kutungamirwa pamwe chete nemayunivhesiti ekuEurope vachibatsirana nemasangano ekuLatin America, kunyanya kuburikidza nemapurogiramu akadai seH2020 kana Horizon Europe, kana mukati mehurongwa hwemasangano edzidzo epasi rose.
Imwe yemienzaniso inonakidza zvikuru ipurojekiti COREC-II (Oral Corpus of Reference yeSpanish in Contact. Chikamu II: Mitauro Yevashoma)Chirongwa ichi, chinotungamirwa naProfessor Azucena Palacios, chine chinangwa chekushandura, kuwedzera, uye kuongorora mutauro wemutauro unotaurwa wakanangana neSpanish uchishanda nemitauro mishoma, mizhinji yacho iri yeAmerindian. Chichitsigirwa neBazi reSainzi, Unyanzvi neMayunivhesiti, chirongwa ichi chinowira pasi pemapoka ekutsvagisa ePSYCOTRIP neLiminguistic Change in Contact Situations.
COREC-II haina chete chikamu chehunyanzvi nedzidzo, asiwo ine ruzivo rwakajeka social dimensionInotsvaga kuratidza kupfuma kwemitauro miviri, kurwisa rusarura rwunobatanidzwa nemarudzi akasiyana echiSpanish, uye kukurudzira kuremekedza kusiyana kwemitauro netsika muLatin America. Mundima imwechete iyi, Azucena Palacios anoronga chirongwa che "Mitauro muKutaurirana: ChiSpanish / Chiputukezi / ChiAmerindian Languages" mukati meAssociation of Linguistics and Philology of Latin America (ALFAL), iyo inoronga musangano wakasarudzika wakatsaurirwa kunyaya idzi makore matatu ega ega.
Munyaya dzemabhuku netsika, chirongwa chinotungamirwa nemuongorori chinoonekwa pachena. Selena Millares, yakatarisana nenhoroondo yemabhuku eHispanic. Kusiyana nenzira dzechinyakare dzakadzidzidza nenzira yakakamurwa (Spain, Latin America, Europe) uye nemiganhu yenyika yakaoma, chirongwa ichi chinokurudzira chiono chepasi rose uye chinobatanidza "nzvimbo yeLa Mancha", pfungwa yakagadzirwa naCarlos Fuentes.
Chirongwa ichi, chakagadzirwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana (prose yeavant-garde, hurukuro pakati pehunyanzvi nepfungwa yeavant-garde muzana remakore rechi21), chinotsigira basa guru re MaHispanic avant-garde mukati menhoroondo yepasi rose yemabhuku nehunyanzvi, ichiratidza simba rayo rinogara riripo pakugadzirwa kwemazuva ano. Nekuisa vanyori nemafambiro kubva kumativi ese eAtlantic muhurukuro, inopa kuverenga kwehukama huripo pakati peEurope neAmerica kubva kune dzimwe nyika.
Kuchengetedza nhaka yetsika: surrealism, network dzehunyanzvi uye Global South
Kufarira kwemayunivhesiti ekuAmerica neEurope mu nhaka yetsika yakagovaniswa Izvi zvinoratidzwa mumapurojekiti akadai seanotungamirirwa naProfessor Eduardo BecerraPurofesa weLatin America Literature, akazvipira pakushandura nekuongorora majenari akakosha eHispanic surrealism akadai saQué, Ciclo, Mandrágora, naGaceta de Arte. Ichitsigirwa nemari neMinistry of Science and Innovation, chirongwa ichi chine chinangwa chekuchengetedza nekudzidza nhaka yetsika yakapararira, zvichiita kuti vaongorori vakwanise kuwana ruzivo rwacho muAmerica yese neEurope.
Padanho remazuva ano, purofesa Fernando Camacho Padilla Akatungamira chirongwa che "South-South Networks: Artic Practices, Local Contexts, and Critical Experimentation." Chirongwa ichi chinoongorora mativi ekubatana kwehunyanzvi netsika pakati penyika dzeGlobal South, kunyanya kuLatin America, Africa, neAsia. Chinangwa chayo ndechekuona kuti tsika dzemazuva ano dzeunyanzvi Zvinotaurwa kubva munharaunda nepasi rose, zvichigadzira nzvimbo dzekuchinjana kwakakosha uye kurwisa kwekufananidzira.
Chirongwa cheSouth-South Networks chakaratidza kukosha kwekubvunza mibvunzo pamusoro pe hutungamiri hwechinyakare mukufambiswa kwemashoko neunyanzvi, zvichiratidza hukama hwetsika pakati pematunhu hunowanzo onekwa nemasangano makuru ekutonga. Nenzira iyi, zvinobatsira pakunzwisisa kwakaoma uye kwakasimba kwekugadzirwa kwetsika pasi rose, uko Latin America isiri nzvimbo inogashirwa chete, asiwo mugadziri wezvirongwa zverunako nedzidziso.
Huwandu hwemapurojekiti aya hunoratidza kuti tsvakiridzo yemayunivhesiti muAmerica haingogumiri pasainzi yakaoma kana hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji chete: inosanganisirawo kuchengetedza nhaka, kuongorora mafambiro erunako, kufungisisa nezvekurangarira nhoroondo, uye kuvaka hunhu hwevanhu vose. Aya ndiwo minda umo Mayunivhesiti ekuLatin America neEurope anoshanda pamwe chete zvakasimbakuruka mambure enguva refu.
Hupfumi, kusarongeka kwemutemo uye kutonga kwenzvimbo pakati peEurope neLatin America
Muminda yesainzi yemagariro evanhu nehupfumi, mayunivhesiti ari kuAmerica anotora chikamu mumapurojekiti anobatanidza matambudziko emuno nezvirongwa zvepasi rose. Muenzaniso wakakosha ndewechirongwa chinotungamirwa ne Purofesa Santos Ruesga, kubva kuDhipatimendi reEconomic Structure and Development Economics, iro rine chinangwa chekugadzira network yepasi rose yekuenzanisa ongororo ye kusarongeka uye mitemo yekugadziriswa kwayo muEuropean Union neLatin America.
Chirongwa ichi chinoshandisa nzira yekudyidzana nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakasiyana, inosanganisira masangano edzidzo neasiri edzidzo (hurumende, vanoita zvemagariro evanhu, nezvimwewo). Chinotsvaga kunzwisisa kuti misika yevashandi isina kurongeka yakarongedzwa sei mumamiriro akasiyana, ndeapi marongero akaedzwa, uye ndeapi anganyatsoshanda mukuvimbisa kodzero dzevashandi nekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu pasina kukanganisa hurongwa hwehupfumi.
Imwe nzvimbo yakakosha yekushandira pamwe ndeye mapurojekiti ekuEurope pasi pechirongwa cheH2020 anotarisana nematambudziko e hutungamiriri hwenzvimbo uye hukama hwemaguta nemaruwaSemuenzaniso, chirongwa cheLoGo chinoongorora kuti hurumende dzemuno muEurope dziri kugadzirisa sei hukama huri kuchinja pakati pemaguta nemaruwa, dzichiongorora mamiriro matsva enzvimbo uye dzichipa mazano ekutonga kwakanaka uye kunosanganisira vanhu vose. Kunyangwe chinangwa chikuru chiri chekuEurope, nzira dzacho nemigumisiro yacho zvine chekuita nemamiriro ezvinhu eLatin America, uko kusaenzana kwenzvimbo kuri kukuru.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti chirongwa ichi NZVIMBO INOKWITWAIchitsigirwawo nemari neHorizon 2020 uye ichitungamirwa naHéctor Grad, chirongwa ichi chinoongorora kusawirirana kwenzvimbo kunobva mumhando dzekuvandudza muLatin America. Chinobatanidza vaongorori vekuEurope neLatin America kuti vadzidze kusawirirana kwevanhu uye dzimwe nzira dzakapihwa nenharaunda dzemunharaunda mukupindura kumapurojekiti makuru ekuchera, zvivakwa, uye marongero anokanganisa nzvimbo iyi.
NZVIMBO INOPIKISWA ine chinangwa chekufungisisa patsva pfungwa dze budiriro nekufambira mberi Kubva pamaonero akakosha uye anochengetedza nguva dzose akatarisana nekodzero dzevanhu neruramisiro munharaunda, nekutanga kutaura nezvevanhu verudzi rwechivanhu, varimi, nevemumaguta, zvinobatsira pakunzwisisa kwakaoma kwemakakatanwa enzvimbo, ayo asiri makakatanwa ehupfumi chete asiwo anosanganisira kuzivikanwa, ndangariro, uye maonero enyika.
Sainzi yeFrontier: neutrinos, dark matter uye computational cosmology
Simba remayunivhesiti ekuAmerica pasainzi yepasi rose rinoonekwawo munzvimbo dze frontier science zvakaita sefizikisi yezvikamu uye cosmology. Mapurojekiti maviri akakurumbira kubva muchirongwa cheH2020 ndeaya: Elusives (Innovative Training Network, ITN) uye InvisiblesPlus (Marie Skłodowska-Curie RISE network), iyo muongorori mukuru wayo ari fizikisi Belén Gavela. Ose anotarisa pane phenomenology ye ma neutrino nezvinhu zverima, uye mukubatana kwavo, vachinyanya kutarisisa basa rekusawirirana kwezvinhu-antimatter.
Mapurojekiti aya anobatanidza network yepasi rose yenzvimbo dzekutsvaga dzinotungamira, vachipa kudzidziswa kwepamusoro kune vaongorori vechidiki uye vachikurudzira kutaurirana pakati peEurope neLatin America. Mayunivhesiti eLatin America anobatanidzwa saka anova chikamu chenharaunda yesainzi yepasi rose inoshanda pazvakavanzika zvikuru zvemuchadenga, kubva pahunhu hwezvinhu zverima kusvika pamavambo e neutrino mass.
Pamuganhu uripo pakati pekuongorora nyeredzi nemakombiyuta, tinowana chimwe chirongwa chakakosha zvikuru: LACEGAL (Network yeKuumbwa kweMagirazi eLatin America-Europe), network yepasi rose yekudzidzisa nekutsvagisa, inotsigirwawo nemari neH2020 seITN. Chinangwa chayo ndechekudzidzisa chizvarwa chitsva chenyanzvi dzenyeredzi mu kushanduka kwemagalaksi nezvivakwa zvepasi rose kuburikidza nekushandisa maekisesaizi epamusoro-soro enhamba.
Ichitungamirwa neInstitute for Theoretical Physics (IFT-UAM/CSIC), LACEGAL inokurudzira kushandira pamwe pakati pemasangano ekuEurope neLatin America, ichikurudzira kufamba kwevadzidzi vedoctorate nepostdoctoral, kuchinjana ruzivo, uye kukura kwesainzi mu cosmology yemakomputa. Kuburikidza nema network aya, vaongorori vanobva kuLatin America vanowana mukana wekuwana zvivakwa zve supercomputer uye vanobatanidzwa mukushandira pamwe kukuru.
Kuvapo uku mune sainzi yemazuva ano kunoratidza kuti Mayunivhesiti ekuLatin America haangoburitse ruzivo cheteasi vanotora chikamu mukuumbwa kwayo padanho repamusoro-soro, kunyange zvazvo vachiri nematambudziko makuru maererano nehuwandu hwakakosha, mari uye kugadzikana kwemasangano.
Masvomhu anoshandiswa, ongororo ye harmonic, uye mapurojekiti ezvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana
Imwe nzvimbo inoratidza hukama huripo pakati peEurope neAmerica ndeye masvomhu anoshandiswa uye ongororo ye harmonic ne geometricChirongwa cheGHAIA (Geometric and Harmonic Analysis with Interdisciplinary Applications), chakatsigirwa neH2020 sechirongwa cheMarie Skłodowska-Curie RISE uye chakarongwa naDavide Barbieri, chine chinangwa chikuru chekusimudzira kutsvagurudza nekushandira pamwe kwenyika munzvimbo idzi.
GHAIA inobatanidza vaongorori vanobva kumasangano akasiyana kuti vashandise maturusi ekuongorora emhando yepamusoro eharmonic nejometri kumatambudziko akasiyana-siyana akadai se kugadzirisa zviratidzo, kuona kwekombiyuta, kana kutevedzera zviitiko zvakaoma zvemuviriKufamba kwesainzi uye kuendesa ruzivo pakati peEurope neLatin America ndizvo zvakakosha pachirongwa ichi, zvichibatsira masvomhu nemasayendisiti edata kubva kumativi ese eAtlantic kuti vashande pamatambudziko akafanana.
Panguva imwe cheteyo, mapurojekiti akasiyana-siyana ane chekuita nenhoroondo, dzidzo, uye hunhu hwedhijitari anoratidza rumwe rutivi rwekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika. Semuenzaniso, PortADA ipurojekiti yekuEurope inoshanda nzira dzedhijitari dzekudzidza nhoroondo yekufamba kwegungwa kwezana remakore rechi19Chinangwa chayo ndechekugadzira maturusi anoshanda ekuunganidza nekuongorora data rekusvika pachiteshi chengarava zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kuenzanisa zvidzidzo zvekutengeserana kwegungwa uye kufamba kwezvikepe.
PortaADA inosanganisa nhoroondo, sainzi yedata, uye humanities hwedhijitari, uye inoratidza kutora chikamu kwemayunivhesiti anoshanda sebhiriji pakati peEurope neAmerica, tichifunga kuti mafambiro mazhinji egungwa panguva iyoyo aibatanidza makondinendi ese ari maviri. Kugadziriswa kwedhijitari uye kuongororwa kukuru kwezvinyorwa zvenhoroondo kunobvumira kuongororwazve kwenhoroondo yekutanga kwekudyidzana kwenyika nemibvunzo mitsva nenzira.
Kune rumwe rutivi, chirongwa ichi NHOROONDO DZEKUGADZIRAInotungamirwa naMario Carretero uye inotsigirwa nemari neHorizon Europe, iri kutsvaga kubatanidza dzidziso itsva uye maitiro mukudzidzisa uye tsika dzenhoroondoKuburikidza nekushandira pamwe pakati pezvikoro, mamiziyamu, nenzvimbo dzekutsvagisa, inovandudza zviwanikwa uye nzira dzekufunga patsva kuti nhoroondo inovakwa sei uye inofambiswa sei munharaunda dzemazuva ano. Izvi zvinosanganisira kufungisisa nezvezviyeuchidzo zvinopesana, kusiyana kwetsika, uye nyaya dzepasi rose umo Latin America inoita basa guru.
Kururamisira kwezvakatipoteredza, kodzero dzezvisikwa uye kuchengetedzeka
Mayunivhesiti ekuAmerica anotorawo chikamu mumapurojekiti anoshanda pamharadzano pakati nharaunda, mutemo uye uzivi hwezvematongerwo enyikaMuenzaniso wakakosha iSpeak for Nature, chirongwa chekuEurope chinokurudzira nzira itsva uye ine hunyanzvi hwakasiyana-siyana yekugadzirisa kururamisira kwezvakatipoteredza.
Speak for Nature inobatanidza vaongorori vanobva muzvikamu zvakaita sesainzi yemagariro evanhu, mutemo, nesainzi yezvakatipoteredza kuti vaongorore nzira itsva dzekumiririra kodzero dzezvisikwaKubatanidza maonero evanhu neasiri evanhu, chinangwa ndechekufambira mberi kune mitemo inosanganisa uye inochengetedza tsika dzakanaka mukutarisana nedambudziko rezvakatipoteredza pasi rose, umo nzizi, masango, nharaunda, nemarudzi zvinogona kuonekwa sevanhu vane kodzero.
Mayunivhesiti anotora chikamu mumapurojekiti akadai haangobatsiri ruzivo rwehunyanzvi chete, asiwo anobatsira ne mafambiro emagariro evanhu, nharaunda dzemuno nemasangano anoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana MuLatin America, dunhu guru muhurukuro pamusoro pezvinhu zvakajairika, kubudiswa kwezvirimwa, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusangana uku pakati pekutsvagisa kwedzidzo nekushingaira kwezvakatipoteredza ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zveLatin America.
Munyaya iyi, ruzivo rwakaunganidzwa mumatare edzimhosva dzezvakatipoteredza, kubvunzana kwevanhu veko, shanduko dzebumbiro remitemo dzinocherechedza kodzero dzezvisikwa (sekune dzimwe nyika dzeAndes) uye kusawirirana kwakaoma kwenzvimbo zvinopa rabhoritari yekudzidza kwevatongi, masayendisiti ezvematongerwo enyika, nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu nenyanzvi dzezvezvakatipoteredza kubva kumativi ese epasi.
Nhoroondo yeyunivhesiti muIbero-America: rwendo rurefu rwakagovaniswa
Kuti tinzwisise chinzvimbo che mayunivhesiti muAmerica mukutsvagisaZvakakodzera kutarira shure. Yunivhesiti iyi, yakazvarirwa muEurope yepakati nepakati, yaive ne "rubhabhatidzo" rwayo rwepakati pemakondinendi chaizvo muAmerica yekoloni, nekuda kwekuwedzera kweumambo hweSpain. Kubva muzana remakore rechi16 zvichienda mberi, masangano akadai seYunivhesiti yeSanto Tomás de Aquino muSanto Domingo, Yunivhesiti yeSan Marcos muLima, neYunivhesiti yeMexico ndiwo akatanga dzidzo yepamusoro mukondinendi iyi.
Seti yezvidzidzo pamusoro pe Nhoroondo yeyunivhesiti muLatin America Inotevera nzira iyi kubva munguva yekoloni kusvika nhasi uno. Inoratidza kuti yunivhesiti iyi yaive chishandiso chekubatanidza kukunda, chitendero, mutauro, uye muenzaniso chaiwo wekuronga kwezvematongerwo enyika nemagariro evanhu. Panguva imwe chete, yakava nzvimbo iyo ruzivo rweEurope rwakagadziriswa kune chokwadi cheAmerica, zvichigadzira mafungiro netsika zvakasiyana.
Kuwedzera kune mipiro pamusoro penguva yazvino, mabasa aya anotarisa hunhu chaihwo hweyunivhesiti yeSpain yemazuva ano, hunhu hwenyaya yeBrazil (ine nzira yakasiyana, inoratidzirwa nekuvapo kwePortugal uye kugadzirwa kwemayunivhesiti munguva pfupi yapfuura), magadzirirwo edzidzo yepamusoro, uye chinzvimbo chakasiyana chemasangano akadai se Universidad de Salamanca munhoroondo yese yehukama neLatin America.
Saini dzenyanzvi dziri kutora chikamu muzvidzidzo izvi dzinopa kuoma kukuru kwenhoroondoIchipa maonero akasiyana enhoroondo yemayunivhesiti, basa iri rinopa kunzwisisa kuri nani kwezvose zviri zviviri kuenderera mberi nekupatsanuka kunoratidza masisitimu emayunivhesiti ekuLatin America nhasi, pamwe nekusimba kwawo nematambudziko makuru mukutsvagisa.
Kana tikabatanidza pamwe chete, rwendo urwu rurefu rwenhoroondo runobatsira kunzwisisa kuti sei mayunivhesiti ave uye achiri kuramba ari vatambi vakuru mukugadzirwa kweruzivo, kudzidziswa kwevapfumi vezvematongerwo enyika nehunyanzvi, uye kutsanangurwa kwemapurojekiti enyika muLatin America neCaribbean, kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu ekusawirirana kwakasimba uye shanduko dzezvematongerwo enyika dzakangoerekana dzaitika.
Network yese iyi yekutarisa, mapurojekiti, network, uye nzira dzenhoroondo dzinoratidza mufananidzo wekuti Mayunivhesiti ekuAmerica akatsaurirwa kutsvagurudza Vari panzvimbo iyi senzira huru yekufambira mberi kwesainzi munharaunda iyi, kunyange zvazvo vachiri kure nekukwanisa kwavanogona kusvika nerubatsiro rwakasimba, kudyidzana kwenyika dzakawanda, uye kubatanidzwa kukuru nehurongwa hwavo hwebudiriro uye hwemagariro evanhu. Kubva kuPontifical Catholic University of Chile kusvika kuUSP, kubva kuUNAM kusvika kuUBA, kubva kumayunivhesiti ekuColombia nePeru kusvika kumakampasi eCaribbean, pane kuedza kwakasimba kugadzira sainzi yepamusoro-soro, kuchengetedza nekufunga patsva nezvenhaka yetsika, kugadzirisa kusaenzana, kufunga nezveruramisiro yezvakatipoteredza, uye kudzidzisa zvizvarwa zvitsva zvevaongorori vanokwanisa kushanda zvakaenzana nenharaunda yesainzi yepasi rose.
