Maruva anomiririra chimwe chezviratidzo zvikuru zvekunaka uye zvisikwa, kubvira kare kare zvakashandiswa zvakanyanya kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvemavara, maumbirwo uye maitiro. Mazuva ano mukushongedza kwezviitiko hakuna kumboshaikwa rudzi rweruva zvichienderana nechiitiko, munyaya iyi tichaziva runyoro rweMaruva Machena anozivikanwa zvikuru anotsanangurwa munyaya inotevera.
Maruva
Zvirimwa zvinoonekwa seimwe yeanonyanya kumiririra maficha erunako rwechisikigo, achipa kuwirirana kukuru kune iyo nyika, ine akasiyana siyana emakirasi uye marudzi anopa mutsauko mune ese ecosystem, akasiyana nemichero yavo nemaruva anogona kuzvarwa kubva kune imwe neimwe. , maruva anomiririra chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa uye zvakatsvakwa zvezvirimwa zvese.
Maruva ishoko rinobva muchiLatin "flos - floris", richibatanidzwa zvakanyanya namwarikadzi wechiRoma Flora, airemekedzwa zvakanyanya nekumiririrwa pakati pemaruva nemaruva munguva yechirimo. Kuve zvakare hukama hwepedyo nekunamatwa kwetsika dzakasiyana uye zvinomiririra pasi rese, zvichiburitsa mukurumbira wayo nekufamba kwenguva.
Mukutaura kwebhotani, pfungwa yemaruva inoshandiswa kubatanidza kuputika kwechirimwa, apo inobuda pakati pemashizha emuti, ichinyanya kutaridzika kune ruvara rwayo uye ipapo muchero unobuda. Maruva anogona kuva nekukwanisa kubereka kunowanzo nemhodzi, iyo inogona kuwanikwa kubva kumhando imwechete, iyo inobvumira kuonekwa kwezvitsva zvitsva.
Maruva ane dzinde rine mamwe maruva, mamwe akaorera uye mamwe asina kubereka. Nzvimbo dzisina kuchena mumaruva ndeaya anopoteredza uye ane basa rekuchengetedza nhengo dzose dzepabonde, dzinozivikanwa se perianth. Chimiro chayo chinowanzo umbwa ne calyx (inoumbwa ne sepals) uye imwe ne corolla (inoumbwa ne petals).
Mukufemerwa kwehunyanzvi hwevanyori vakasiyana-siyana, maruva anomiririra chinhu chakakosha kwazvo, achikurudzira mabasa akasiyana-siyana evanyori vanozivikanwa sePicasso nebasa rake "Ruoko nemaruva emaruva" kana boka reKetama rine rwiyo rwayo rwunozivikanwa se "Ruva. zvaLis”. Maruva anosvika pakuzivikanwa sechiratidzo cheumambo hweFrance uye kunyangwe Chirungu.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvemaruva maumbirwo akasiyana-siyana emakumbo awo uye mapefiyumu awo akasiyana, anopa mavara akasiyana-siyana, ari mumwe wevanonyanya kuona munzanga yanhasi, inomiririra chipo chikuru zvichienderana nechiitiko uye zvinoreva. chechipo.ruvara rwacho, pamwe nekuve chinhu chikuru chekushongedza kune vese varipo, kunyanya vakadzi.
Nekuda kweizvi, kwakagadzirwa nzira dzakasiyana dzekurima dzinozivikanwa nekuti floriculture, inoona nezvekuita kurima kwezvirimwa nechinangwa chikuru chekuwana maruva anozvarwa ega, kuti azotengeserwa kumisika nekuminda yakasiyana. .
Ruva Mavara
Pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzemavara dzinogona kuwanikwa imhaka yepigment mamorekuru anowanzo kuungana mumaruva petals uye kunyangwe mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeruva, kunyangwe chokwadi chekusanganiswa kwemamwe pigment chinomira pachena, saka izvo zvinokonzeresa kuumbwa kwemaruva. mamwe mavara uye kuwedzera zvakasiyana-siyana zvemumvuri.
Kuratidzira mune iyi nyaya kuunganidzwa kwecarotenoids iyo inokonzera kusviba kwemavara senge tsvuku kana yero iripo mune mimwe michero; pamwe nekuvapo kwe alkaloids kana betaine inokonzera ropa-tsvuku kana ruvara rwepepuru huripo mumabhiti. Kuratidza kusiyana kukuru kwemavara nekuda kwekuunganidzwa kwemamorekuru anokonzera hukuru hwawo.
Panyaya yemaruva pigmentation, anosiyana nekuda kwekuunganidzwa kwemamorekuru akadai seflavonoids ayo anokonzera kuvepo kweblue uye kunyangwe yero coloration, zvakare ichipa antioxidant zvinhu zvinogona kuburitswa uye kushandiswa pakuzorodza marapirwo uye kuve chinhu chine hutano zvakanyanya. kuvanhu vose.
Kuratidzira zvinoenderana nezvidzidzo zvekugadzirisa mwenje mune inooneka spectrum, iyo pigment ine basa rekuunganidza mumaruva, ivo vane basa rekutora mune spectrum yechiedza uyezve kuratidza uye kugadzirisa imwe.
Maruva machena
Mavara emaruva anogona kuwanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai sedzvuku, yero, bhuruu, pink, pakati pevamwe, yakamira kunze kwekumiririra zvinoreva, munyaya iyi maruva machena anomira kunze, ayo anowanzoshandiswa zvakanyanya sekushongedza kwenzvimbo. uye ivo vanotsvakwa zvakanyanya nekupa zvishongedzo zviri nyore, zvichiratidza kukosha kwavo kwekusaratidza kuunganidzwa kwe pigment inounza shanduko yakakura muruvara rwavo.
Imwe yezvinonyanya kureva maruva machena ndeyekumiririra kwavo kuchena uye kusava nemhosva, ndicho chikonzero ichishandiswa pakushongedzwa kwakakosha, senge michato iri chiratidzo chehumhandara, inoshandiswawo pakubhabhatidza uye chirairo izvo zviitiko zvechechi zvinomiririra kusava nemhosva. uye kuchena kwevana pavanotanga mukutenda kwechiKristu, inoshandiswawo pamariro sechiratidzo cherugare uye kunyaradza kwemhuri uye sechiratidzo chekuremekedza, inomiririra kuchena uye kuchena mudzimba, kushandiswa semushonga nekuda kwe kunaka uye rugare runopfuudza.
Mhando dzeMaruva Machena
Kune mavara akasiyana-siyana umo maruva anowanikwa, munyaya iyi maruva machena achamira kunze, anoenderana nemhando yemaruva anoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakushongedza, nekuda kwezvinoreva zvakasarudzika uye kunakidza kushongedza nharaunda, kune. akasiyana makuru emhando dzemaruva machena anoshandiswa nekushongedza, anonyanya kutsvakwa anoratidzwa pazasi:
White Lily
Inofanana nemhando yemaruva machena anozivikanwa seLilium kana kuti White Lily, inoratidzirwa nekuva nechimiro chebhosvo uye kazhinji inotumbuka munguva dzechirimo, inoonekwa seimwe yemaruva machena akanaka uye akapfava, achionekwa sechiratidzo chakakosha ChiKristu nokuti maruva ayo anomiririra kumuka kwaJesu, kunyange maererano nedzimwe ngano zvinogona kuenderana nengano nemwarikadzi Hera, Juno naVenus; saka nderimwe rekare maruva machena anonyanya kushandiswa nenzanga.
white orchid
Ndiyo imwe yemaruva machena ainyanya kutsvakwa kuti ashandiswe zvishongo nekuda kwekuve akapusa uye anomiririra kunaka kukuru, ari kushandiswa zvakanyanya pamhemberero, kunyanya michato, nekuti kazhinji anomiririra kusava nemhosva uye kuchena kwevakaroora, kuve chiratidzo chikuru chekunzwa. , ndicho chikonzero inoshandiswa kune bridal bouquets. Inoonekwa seruva rinomiririra rudo uye kuyemurawo munhu, saka ivo vanowanzova chipo chakakosha kune vakaroorana pamwe nemhuri neshamwari.
White Rose
Pakati pemaruva unogona kuwana marozi ayo anowanzova mamwe emashoko makuru erudo anopiwa kune vakaroorana asiwo kunhengo dzemhuri, munyaya iyi machena machena anomira, ayo ane chirevo chekuremekedza uye kuvimbika, ari kushandiswa zvakanyanya. michato uye mumabouquets emwenga; Inowanzoshandiswa pamariro apo ruva chena rinomiririra zvinoreva ndangariro, tariro uye chivimbiso chekukwanisa kusvika kudenga.
white carnation
Inomiririra imwe yeinonyanya kutsvakwa yekushongedza kwebridal bouquets, nekuda kwekureruka uye iri ruva rakanaka kwazvo rekushongedza. Iyo chena carnation chiratidzo cherudo asi inogonawo kumiririra kurasikirwa kwemudiwa, kushandiswa kwayo kunobva munguva dzekare apo maGiriki nevaRoma kuti ashandiswe muhunyanzvi hwekushongedza kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana. Inogona kuva nezvainoreva mutsika dzakasiyana, sedzevaKristu kuti inobatanidzwa neMhandara Maria paakachema mwanakomana wake pamuchinjikwa uye zvakare mumiriri wevamwari mune dzimwe tsika.
Magnolia
Iyo magnolia inogona kuwanikwa mune akati wandei subgenera, ichiratidza mune iyi chena magnolia inozivikanwa seMagnolia Grandiflora, inofananidzwa neruva rinokatyamadza nekuda kwehukuru hwaro uye maruva makuru, achiyevedza uye akapfava, zvinosuruvarisa kuti imhando yeruva. iyo ine hupenyu hupfupi kwazvo. Iro ruva rinofarirwa zvikuru kumaodzanyemba kweUnited States, rinogona kutsvakwa zvakanyanya pakugadzira infusions uye teas nekuda kwehunhu hwemakwati aro.
Narcissus
Iyo chena daffodil inoonekwa seruva risina kujairika, nekuda kwekuti iyo inonyanya kufarirwa ndeyeyero daffodils. Iro ruva remuchando diki diki uye rine kutarisirwa kuri nyore. Iyo inozivikanwawo se bouquet daffodil, inofanana nechirimwa chine bulbous chine hunde refu, ine korona yepakati ine yero kana orenji mukombe uye machena petals, iwo anowanzo ari anonhuwirira maruva uye anotumbuka mumwaka yechando uye anonyatso nyatso. nyore uye nyore zvichienzaniswa nemamwe maruva.
Jasmine
Jasmine iruva riri mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana eruvara, pakadai jasmine jena rinoonekwa seruva rinonhuwirira, rinoonekwa seruva rakatetepa uye rakanaka, rinonyanya hunhu hwekuve ruva reusiku, rinotumbuka husiku uye rinowedzera pefiyumu yaro munguva dzehusiku. , nekuda kweizvi inozivikanwa seMambokadzi weHusiku kana Mwedzi muGrove. Zita rokuti Jasmine rinobva mumutauro wePezhiya zvinoreva kunhuhwirira uye kufananidzira kuchena uye nyasha, ivo vanowanzozivikanwa zvikuru munzvimbo dzeEurope muSouth Asia.
white lotus
Ruva jena lotus rinoonekwa semhando yerunako rwakakura, yakamira kunze serudzi runokura mumvura, saka rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya kushongedza madziva. Inomiririrwa zvakanyanya mumifananidzo yeEgypt uye inowanzovezwa pamatombo uye mune mimwe mifananidzo. Yakanyanya kufarirwa kune yayo psychoactive zvimiro (kudzikamisa uye hypnotic) iri kushandiswa zvakanyanya pakurapa zvivakwa uye kuve chirimwa chinotsvakwa zvakanyanya sechinhu chekushongedza, nekuda kweruvara chena uye yakanyanya yero centre.
white gardenia
Gardenia inomiririra ruva rakasarudzika iro rakabva kuAsia, rinoratidzwa nekuva ruva rinopa kunhuhwirira kwakanaka uye rinogona kukwezva zvakanyanya kune chero munhu ari padyo naro, rinogona kutsvakwa zvakanyanya kumichato. . Inofungidzirwa semaruva echando uye inoda kutarisirwa kukuru, kunaka kwayo kukuru kunokonzerwa nemashizha ayo makuru uye nokuti haisi yakasvibirira yakadzika asi yakasvibirira.
Hydrangea
Vanomiririra rudzi rweruva rinoonekwa zvakanyanya uye rinofarirwa mumagadheni uye izvi zvinodaro nekuti iwo maruva ari nyore kuchengetedza nekukura, saka machena hydrangeas imhando yeruva rezhizha rinonyanya hunhu hwekudyarwa muhari uye kune. kuwanikwa muzuva rakazara uye mumumvuri usina kukwana, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuti ive yakanyatsodiridzwa uye nekudaro kuwana budiriro yakanaka uye maruva akarurama, hazvikurudzirwe zvakanyanya kuunganidza mvura yakavapoteredza.
Camellia
Camellias zvinoenderana nerudzi rweruva rine mavambo mukondinendi yeAsia, kunyanya muJapan neChina, riri ruva rine mapetali makuru anogona kureva kuremekedzwa, kuyemurwa uye runako rusina kuratidzwa pamwe nekureva rudo uye kusava nemhosva. Mamiriro eruva racho anokosha zvikuru nokuti haarasikirwe nemaruva aro uye anowanzobatanidzwa nevanhu vangatofanira kutarisana nechibayiro muupenyu. Inogona kumira marudzi ese emamiriro ekunze akadai sekupisa nekuoma.
Bluebells
Inofanana nemaruva ane mamiriro emabhero uye ane runako rwakakosha uye anonyanya kufarirwa nemishonga yavo, saka inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kune infusions. Icho chirimwa chinogona kusvika mamita mashanu pakureba, maruva ayo anowanzosvika kusvika pamasendimita matanhatu muchimiro chefunnel uye michero yayo se capsule.
Dalia
Iro ruva rinobva kuMexico, rinoonekwa seruva rekunze rerudzi, richive rakanyanya kufarirwa nenhamba huru yemapetali, imwe neimwe yeDahlias inogona kusvika pakukura ingangoita masendimita makumi maviri. Iwo anoonekwa semaruva akanaka kwazvo anogona kuramba chero mhando yemamiriro ekunze, nenzira imwecheteyo chaiyo uye yakapfava kutarisirwa kunofanira kushandiswa. Zita raDalia rinobva mumutauro wemaruva eVictorian mavambo, zvinoreva kuzvipira, chiremerera uye rudo.
Cala
Inopindirana nemhando yeruva jena rine chimiro chefunnel, iyo ine kunhuhwirira kwakanaka kwakadaro painosunungurwa, ndicho chikonzero inowanzotsvakwa zvikuru, yakanaka uye yakanaka kwazvo. Inogona kuonekwa mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana, iyo inowanzova chena, iyo inomiririra kuchena uye kusava nemhosva, inogona kuwanzoshandiswa pakuberekwa uye kugoverana kwekutanga, zita resainzi iro rinozivikanwa naro ndiZantedeschia.
Tulips
Iro ruva rinobva kunyika yeAsia uye rakabatana zvikuru muNetherlands kunyanya nekuda kweminda mikuru ye tulips munharaunda yose, iri rudzi rwechirimwa chinopesana zvikuru nemamiriro ekunze akasiyana-siyana. Tulips inogona kunge yakabatana zvakanyanya nekushuva kwenyama, saka machena tulips anopesana zvachose, ari kushamwaridzana nerunyararo uye kuchena, iwo zvakare ane hukama nerudo rwevakaroora, asiwo nemhuri neshamwari.
Hibiscus
Imhando yeruva reHawaiian rinogona kusvika pamamita mashanu pakureba, kunyangwe riine machena petals rinofarirwa zvakanyanya nekuve nepakati dzvuku. Mashizha ayo anoratidzirwa nekuve oval, nzvimbo yaro yakatsetseka uye ine mitsetse yakatsetseka, dzimwe nguva inogona kuwanikwa ine jagged edges. Kazhinji iruva rerune rinonyanya kutsvakwa nevarongi vemuchato uye chirevo chayo chikuru rudo nekuchena. Zita rayo rinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nenyika kana dunhu rarinowanzo budirira.
Margarita
Ruva redaisy rinoonekwa seruva rinonyanya kufarirwa kunyanya kushandiswa semushonga wenzvimbo uye mune mamwe masekete, imhando yeruva rine machena petals uye yero core, izvo zvinoita kuti ive imwe yeanofarirwa nevarongi vemuchato. . Daisies anowanzo ane chirevo chikuru pakati pekusava nemhosva, kuchena uye runako, zvakare kuuya kuzomiririra hushamwari husina magumo uye rudo rwakachena, kuvharirwa zvachose kubva pakuda uye kwenyama mamiriro.
white amaryllis
Ruva reAmaryllis rinoenderana neruva rekubva kuSouth America, zvarinoreva kuchena, richishandiswa zvakanyanya kushongedza mukati, rinoonekwa seruva rekunze uye rakasiyana kwazvo rinogona kuve nekupikisa kwakawanda uye riri nyore kukura. Iwo anoratidzirwa nekuve neakapfava uye anokatyamadza magadzirirwo, ari akanyanya kunaka kuti ashandiswe mumapindu; iri kucherechedzwa zvakanyanya muArgentina, Brazil, Peru uye zvakare mukondinendi yeAfrica.
White Rockrose
Inoenderana neruva rekuMedithera uye ivo vanonyanya kufarirwa nekuve machena uye akaunyana petals, inogona kukwevera kutariswa kwakawanda pazviitiko nekuti inoshandiswa mukushongedza. Vane mishonga yemishonga semabhero, vanogona kukura pagungwa uye zvakare kuumba kubva mumakwenzi. Pakati pemishonga yayo, inogona kujekeswa kuti inobatsira mudumbu kurwadza uye kubvisa kukosora.
Iris
Inopindirana nemhando yemaruva machena yakatsvakwa zvikuru kushandiswa kwekushongedza, kuva akanaka kwazvo uye akasiyana nekuda kwepefiyumu yaanowanzopa, ivo vane rudzi rwakaoma zvikuru rweruva uye vanoda kunyatsotarisirwa kuchengetedza. Vanosvika pakureva uye kupa tariro uyewo mashoko akanaka. Iyo inowanzorimwa zvakanyanya kushongedza, saka iyo inoshandiswa muzvirimwa zvemaruva uye yakakura taxonomic classification.
Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chinobatsira, tinokusiira vamwe vanozonyatsokufarira: