Kutaura nezvaMarcel Duchamp zvinoreva kuti tiri kutaura nezvenyaya yekutsamwisa neunyanzvi. Akanga asiri muimbi aigara akavharirwa mustudio achidhirowa mifananidzo yakanaka, asi aiita semunhu chaiye. kudengenyeka kwenyika kwetsika izvo zvakachinja zvese zvainzwisiswa serunako nehunyanzvi muzana remakore rechi20. Maitiro ake aisava ehunyanzvi hwemaoko husina chahunokanganisa, asi ekukwanisa kubvunza nezvehunyanzvi huri mukati me nhoroondo yeunyanzvi.
Hunhu uhwu, hwakafamba zviri nyore pakati peParis neNew York, hwakakwanisa kushandura joke riri nyore kuita mbiru ye conceptual artKubva pakutanga kwake semupendi akapesvedzerwa naFauvism kusvika pakuona kwake kwemaziso uye kuda kwake chess pasina kufunga, Duchamp akatidzidzisa kuti hunyanzvi hahufanirwe kungopinda nemaziso chete, asi hunogona kuva mutambo wepfungwa apo muoni ndiye anopedzisa basa racho.
Matanho ekutanga uye kuputika kwe retina
Marcel akazvarwa muna 1887 muBlainville-Crevon, France, mumhuri yaitova neunyanzvi muDNA yavo, sezvo vakoma vake vakazvitsaurirawo pakupenda nekuveza. Kunyangwe akatanga nekutevedzera maitiro epanguva iyoyo, akadai seImpressionism uye modernist paintAkakurumidza kuona kuti akanga asina hanya ne "unyanzvi hwe retina"Izvo zvinongoda kufadza maziso chete. Nguva yake kuAcadémie Julian yaive pfupi, sezvo aifarira hupenyu hwebohemian hwemacafe eMontmartre, achidhirowa zviitiko zvezuva nezuva mubhuku rake remabhuku.
Sezvo makore ekuma1910 aifambira mberi, akatanga kufarira Cubism, kunyanya kuburikidza neboka rePuteaux. Zvisinei, haana kuramba ari pamusoro. Basa rake Kuburuka masitepisi usina kupfeka Chaive chinyadzo chaicho nekuti chaisanganisa hunhu hweCubist ne runako rwekufamba Yakafuridzirwa nekufotora mifananidzo panguva, basa iri rakamuita kuti awane mukurumbira muUnited States panguva yeArmory Show, kunyange zvazvo vanhu vaida zvemaCubist vaisaziva kuti vangazvinzwisisa sei.
Duchamp akatanga kufarira pfungwa dzisinganzwisisike, dzakadai sechikamu chechina uye geometry isiri yeEuclidean. Aida kuti hunyanzvi huve chinhu maitiro epfungwa kwete mufananidzo uri nyore. Kuda zvinhu uku kwakamuita kuti aedze netsaona, sepaakaisa shinda pajira kuti agadzire mufananidzo wacho. Kugadzirisa networknokudaro zvichibvisa chido chemuimbi chekupa nzira yezvisingatarisirwi.
Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa uye zvinomutsa hasha
Kana paine chinhu chimwe chete chinotsanangura nhaka yaDuchamp, hapana mubvunzo kuti ndicho yakagadzirirwa-yakagadzirwaChaizvoizvo, zvaisanganisira kutora chinhu chakagadzirwa kare, kuchibvisa kubva mukushandiswa kwacho, uye kuchizivisa kuti ibasa reunyanzvi nekungosarudzwa nemuimbi. Zvaisava zvekugadzira chimwe chinhu nemaoko ako, asi nezve gadzirisazve chokwadiZvinhu zvake zvekutanga, zvakaita sevhiri rebhasikoro riri pachituru kana kuti rack yebhodhoro, zvaive zvinhu zvekuzvifadza nazvo zvakazochinja nhoroondo.
Pfungwa huru yemaitiro aya yakauya muna 1917 ne TsimeDuchamp akaratidza weti yakapidiguka, yakasainwa se «R. Mutt» kuSociety of Independent Artists. Kunyangwe komiti yakaramba kuiratidza, ichiiona seyakashata, basa racho rakazova gwaro reNew York Dadaism. Chaikosha chaive chisiri chinangwa chacho pachacho, asi chiito chesarudzo uye mafungiro matsva akakonzerwa nekubviswa kwechinhu chacho kubva pakushandiswa kwacho kwakajairika.
- LHOOQKadhibhodhi raMona Lisa raakawedzera ndebvu nendebvu, achiseka gwaro rekare.
- Pamberi peRuoko RwakatyokaGejo rechando rakarembera padenga, muenzaniso chaiwo wekusava nehanya nerunako.
- Verre yeplate inotenderera: Kupinda kwake kekutanga mumichina yemaziso, yaakanga asisaoni seunyanzvi hwechinyakare.
Nguva iyi yaive nekuseka uye kuseka. Duchamp aisatsvaga kurumbidzwa, asi zunza hurongwaAkatogadzirawo munhukadzi ane hunhu hwekuzvifunga, Rrose Sélavy, mutambo wemashoko ane «c'est la vie»yaakashandisa kusaina mabasa uye kuonekwa mumifananidzo yaMan Ray, nokudaro zvichiita kuti pasazivikanwe kuti musiki ndiani.
Chakavanzika cheGirazi Guru uye Danho Rekupedzisira
Kwemakore akawanda, Duchamp akashanda pachivande pabasa rakaoma zvikuru: Mwenga afumurwa neshamwari dzake dzisina kuroora kana kuroorwa, kunyange, zvinongozivikanwa se Girazi HombeMuchinyorwa chino, muimbi akashandisa waya, pendi, negirazi kuratidza shanduko yepfungwa uye yepabonde. Basa racho raive rakaomesesa zvekuti aifanira kunyora zvinyorwa zvakatevedzana papepa racho. Bhokisi reGirini kuitira kuti veruzhinji vanzwisise zvinorehwa nebonyora nechishuwo.
Zvinoshamisa kuti basa racho rakakanganiswa netsaona panguva yekutama, asi Duchamp, akavimbika kurudo rwake rwe mukana wekuti zvinhu zviitikeAkasarudza kuti mitswe yacho yaiva chikamu chechigadzirwa chacho uye akashanda kubatanidza mapaneru maviri aya. Kwaari, tsaona iyi yakanga yapedza basa nenzira iyo pfungwa dzaisambogona kuita.
Mumakore ake ekupedzisira, zvaiita sekunge akanga arega basa reunyanzvi kuti azvipire zvizere kwaari chess yemakwikwiAkatotora chikamu mumitambo yeOlympiads yepasi rose uye akatamba nevatambi vakanakisa pasi rose. Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo munhu wese aifunga kuti akanga arega basa, akanga achigadzirira basa rake rekupedzisira muchivande: Étant donnésIboka rezvepabonde rinogona kungoonekwa chete nepaburi riri pamusuwo wemapuranga, zvichiita kuti muoni ave munhu anofarira zvebonde. voyeur uyo anoona chifananidzo chemukadzi munzvimbo yekumaruwa.
Marcel Duchamp aive muoni ainzwisisa kuti kupenda kwainge kwapera uye kuti ramangwana raive mupfungwa yacho. Kugona kwake kuseka zvese, kusanganisira hutsvene hwemamiziyamu, kwakavhura mukana wekuti vanhu vazive zvemitambo yepop art uye contemporary artAkasiya nyika umo chero chinhu chingave hunyanzvi kana paine pfungwa inokwanisa kuhufunga, achivhara hupenyu hwake nepfungwa inopfupikisa kuseka kwake: "Uyezve, vamwe ndivo vanofa nguva dzose.".
