"La Pepa" ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa yebumbiro reSpain, tisingaverenge yazvino, asi maviri aya haasi iwo ega mabumbiro ataive nawo. Muchikamu chino tinoda kuunganidza 8 Mitemo yeSpain uye ndikuudze zvishoma nezvavo, kunyanya nei uyo ane mukurumbira ane zita rakasiyana kudaro.
Sekutarisa kudiki, tinogona kutaura izvozvo Muna 1978 ndipo pakasainwa Bumbiro reMitemo reSpain razvino. Zvisinei, wokutanga wavo ane makore 166 mukuru kwaari. Uye, isu tinogona zvakare kutarisira kuti imwe yeaya mabumbiro masere haazivikanwe zviri pamutemo.
Zvinyorwa zveSpain
Ikozvino Bumbiro reSpain, Haisi yekutanga munyika yedu, pakanga paine mamwe magwaro manomwe pamberi payo. Kuti tizive nhoroondo yebumbiro remitemo tinofanira kudzokera kumavambo kwezana ramakore rechi 1812. Kusvika XNUMX, nguva iyo Bumbiro rekutanga rakasainwa.
Sezvatichaona pazasi, kune 8 magwaro anoonekwa semabumbiro eSpanish, kunyangwe 7 chete ndivo vanozivikanwa zviri pamutemo.
1. Yekutanga yeMitemo yeSpain (1812)
Muna 1812 maCortes Generales eCádiz, anoumbwa nevatevedzeri ve296, vakanga vachigadzirira kusaina Bumbiro rekutanga renyika yedu uye kupinda mumabhuku enhoroondo. Panguva yehondo mushure mekurwisana nekugara kweNapoleon, gwaro "Bumbiro reCádiz" raizoratidza chiitiko chakakosha munhoroondo yebumbiro reSpain nedzimwe nyika. kugadza nheyo dzegutsaruzhinji uye kuzvitonga kwenyika.
Zuva rakasarudzwa kusaina gwaro rine kukosha kwakadaro raive Kurume 19, Zuva reSaint Joseph. Vagari, vachiziva zvakanga zvichangobva kuitwa uye kukosha kwazvo, vakatanga kufara kusaina kweBumbiro reMitemo vachishevedzera: "Urarame Pepa!" maererano neZuva raSaint Joseph. Kubva panguva iyoyo, kuchema kwemufaro kwakava zita remadunhurirwa raizoperekedza Bumbiro rekutanga reSpanish munhoroondo yese.
2. Bumbiro remutemo ra1837
Ndiro bumbiro rekutanga rekutonga kwaElizabeth II, iro rakaratidza kufambira mberi kune rusununguko. Tiri kutarisa gwaro rakasainwa pana July 18, 1837. Rakanga riri Yakanyorwa panguva yekusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika neCarlist War uye regency yaMaría Cristina, amai vaMambokadzi Elizabeth II. Yakagadza hutongi hwezvematongerwo enyika hunoenderana nebumbiro uye humiriri hune hutongi hwenyika sehwaro hwakakosha. Yakatsanangurawo kodzero nerusununguko rwevagari vemunyika, kunyange hazvo paine miganhu ine chekuita nezvematongerwo enyika.
Kubvumidzwa kweBumbiro reMitemo kwaive chinokosha mukushanduka kwekusununguka muSpain uye yaizoratidza kutanga kwekuchinja kwakakosha. Zvisinei, zvakashorwa nevapikisi uye zvakakonzerawo kusawirirana mune zvematongerwo enyika.
3. Bumbiro remutemo ra1845
Tiri kutarisana neshanduro yakachengetedza yakadzoreredza zvikamu zvehutongi hwekare. Yakaburitswa muna Chikumi 30, 1845 uye yakabuda kubva mumamiriro ekusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika nemagariro mushure meHondo yekutanga yeCarlist. Kunyora kwaive zvichiitwa neboka revasununguko vane mwero mukutsvaga kuumba hutongi hwezvematongerwo enyika hwaizoenzanisa masimba yeNyika uye inovimbisa rusununguko rwemunhu.
4. Bumbiro remutemo ra1869
"Kuchinja Kunobwinya" kwemuna 1868 kwakatungamira kune dzimwe pfungwa dzakasimba uye dzinofambira mberi dzakaguma dzave kuratidzwa muBumbiro reMitemo. Yakabvumirwa musi waChikumi 1, 1869, ichitanga kushanda pakupera kwemwedzi iwoyo. Yakaumba hurongwa hweparamende, yakazivisa uchangamire hwenyika uye yakavimbiswa kodzero dzakakoshesesa dzakaita serusununguko rwekutaura, kushamwaridzana nenhau. Yakanga ichiratidzwawo nekuziviswa kwekuenzana kwevagari pamberi pemutemo.
5. Bumbiro remutemo ra1876
Yakavamba gadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika ine mwero iyo yakaramba ichishanda kwenguva refu, kubva mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19 kusvikira pakutanga kwechi20. Yakasainwa pasi pekutonga kwaAlfonso XII, mushure meBourbon Restoration. Bumbiro iri rakagadzira hwaro hweparamende, hurongwa hwehumambo hwebumbiro uye
6. Bumbiro remutemo ra1931
Munguva yeRepublic Rechipiri, Bumbiro iri rakasainwa, richive rechimanjemanje panguva yaro, richitarisa kodzero dzevanhu uye kupatsanurwa kwechechi nenyika.
7. Bumbiro remutemo ra1939
Muchokwadi, takatarisana ne "Constitution" iyo Hazvizivikanwi sechimiro chehurumende. Yakaburitswa panguva yehutongi hwaFranco uye yaive yakawanda seti yemitemo nemirau.
8. Bumbiro remitemo razvino (1978)
Musi waZvita 6, 1978, Bumbiro reMitemo reSpain razvino rakasainwa. Hurongwa hwese hwakatanga nerufu rwaFrancisco Franco muna 1975 uye shanduko yakazotevera yakananga kudemokrasi muSpain. Kugadzira bumbiro iri raive basa mukubvumirana nemauto akasiyana-siyana ezvematongerwo enyika, saka raimiririra nzanga yakawanda yevaSpanish panguva iyoyo.
General Courts, yakasarudzwa muna Chikumi 1977, ndiyo ichange iine basa rekunyora Bumbiro remitemo. Mushure meizvozvo, yaizobvumidzwa muna Gumiguru 31, 1978 uye yakazoendeswa kune yakakurumbira referendamu muna Zvita 6, 1978, ichiwana 88,54% yemavhoti achifarira. Bumbiro remutemo rakatanga kushanda musi wa29 Zvita 1978, zvichiratidza chiitiko chakakosha munhoroondo yenyika hwaro hwekodzero nerusununguko nekutsanangura nyika sehumambo hweparamende.
