El gwai kurt Ndicho chimwe chezvokudya izvo zvakafamba kwemazana emakore pasina kurasikirwa nezvinorehwa nazvo. Kunyangwe zvingaita sezvisinganzwisisike kwatiri nhasi, kune vanhu vazhinji veCentral Asia zvave zvakajairika sechingwa kana chizi nyowani kwatiri. Chimedu ichi chiduku, chakaoma, chine munyu, uye chakanyanya kuwanda chinovanza nhoroondo inonakidza yevafudzi vanotama-tama, makaravhani asingaperi, uye nzira dzokutengesera dzengano.
Munenge mazana emakore gumi nemasere enhoroondoIchi chizi chakaoma, chakaita sebhora chakaperekedza vafambi, vatengesi, uye varwi vachiyambuka nzvimbo dzakakura dzakakura dziri pakati peEast and West. Kunzwisisa kuti kurt chii, kunobva kupi, kunoitwa sei, uye nei kwave kwakakosha kunotibvumira kuona nzira yehupenyu yakabatana nekufudza uye kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.
Chii chaizvo chinonzi hwai kurt?
Hwai kurt, zvakare dzimwe nguva inonzi Central Asia yakaoma chiziIcho chigadzirwa chemukaka chakaviriswa uye chisina mvura. Unogadzirwa kubva kumukaka wakavava kana whey (kazhinji mukaka wemakwai, kunyange zvazvo mukaka wembudzi kana wemhou uchigona kushandiswawo), unoiswa munyu, wodirwa, uye unoumbwa kuita tubhora tudiki tudiki tunozosiiwa kuti tiome kusvika taoma.
Chitarisiko chayo chinoyeuchidza mabhora madiki echizi Iwo machena kana nyanga dzenzou muruvara, uye anosiyana muhukuru zvichienderana nenharaunda, kunyangwe iwo anowanzo kukwana zvakakwana muchanza cheruoko rwako. Paunoruruma mukati mawo, iwo akaoma, akaoma, uye ane munyu wakanyanya, ane yakanyanya uye ine asidi zvishoma nekuda kwekuvirisa kwelactic fermentation.
Ichi chikafu hachina kurongedzerwa sechizi chakapfava, chine cream; asi, iri a nzira yekuchengetedza mukaka Kwenhambo refu, yakanga yakanakira vanhu vanotama-tama uye vafambi vaipedza mavhiki kana mwedzi vari kure nenzvimbo ipi neipi yakagadzwa. Chidimbu chidiki chekurt chinogona kupa huwandu hwakakosha hwesimba, zvicherwa, uye mapuroteni mune vhoriyamu diki.
Kubva pamaonero ezvekudya, kurt inogona kudyiwa sezvairi, senge snack, kana kunyungudika mukati. mvura, muto kana ndiro dzinopisa kuwedzera munyu uye mukaka. Mune dzimwe nyika, inoyamwiwa kana kuti kukamwa zvishoma nezvishoma, ingangoita sesiwiti yakaoma, pakufamba kana kushanda muminda.
NutritionallyNekuda kwekuti yakanyanya kupera mvura, inochengeta chikamu chakakosha chemukaka mapuroteni nemaminerari, kunyanya calcium uye phosphorus, pamwe nemamwe mavhitamini anonyungudika nemafuta anoshingirira kuomesa zvakanaka. Kuisa pfungwa uku ndiko chaizvo kunoita kuti ive chikafu chinoshanda nzendo refu.
Nhoroondo mabviro uye hukama neSilk Road
Kuti unzwisise kwakabva gwai kurt, munhu anofanira kufungidzira hukuru hweEurasian steppesKubva kunharaunda dzemazuva ano dzeKazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, neMongolia kusvika kunzvimbo dziri kumiganhu yeChina neRussia, nyika idzi dzaigarwa kwemazana emakore nemarudzi aingotama-tama akazvipira kufudza makwai, mbudzi, mombe, uye mabhiza.
Ava vanhu vaitama-tama vaida nzira yokuita nayo shandura mukaka mutsvaiyo inoshatisa nekukurumidza, kuita chimwe chinhu chinogona kuvagara kwemwedzi. Mamiriro ekunze akaoma, mhepo inogara iripo, uye zuva rakasimba zvakafarira kuvandudzwa kwekutanga kwekuomesa uye kuvirisa nzira dzakapa zvigadzirwa zvakaita sekurt.
Kwemakore anenge gumi nemasere, iyo yakakurumbira Nzira yeSirik Yaiita setambo huru pakati peEast and West. Iyi network yemigwagwa, ine imwe yenzvimbo dzayo huru dzekutangisa muguta reXi'an (China) uye ichipera muConstantinople (Istanbul yanhasi), haina kungofambisa sirika, zvinonhuhwirira, kana simbi dzinokosha, asiwo pfungwa, zvitendero, tsika, uye, hongu, chikafu.
Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, mabhura aKurt akave a muperekedzi akakodzera kwenzendo refuDzakanga dziri nyore kutakura, dzaisada firiji, dzisinganyanyi kushatiswa, uye dzaipa mwero wakanaka wezvokudya munzvimbo duku. Vatengesi, masoja, uye vaperekedzi vekaravhani vaigona kutakura masaga chaiwo akazara netumapepa tuchena aya sechikafu chikuru mumabhegi avo.
Nhoroondo uye ethnographic zvinyorwa zvinotsanangura mafambiro emakaravhani aiyambuka mugwenga nemakomo zviuru zvemabhora madiki echizi zvakafanana kurt. Ichi chizi chakaoma hachina kungopedzwa sechikamu chega, asi chaigonawo kuchinjana kana kutengeswa mumisika yemaguta ari munzira, ichiva chimwe chigadzirwa mukati mekutengeserana kwakanyanya panguva iyoyo.
Iyo Silk Road yaive, pakupedzisira, nhanho hombe ye kuchinjana kwetsika uye gastronomicNepo mimwe misha yaipa zvigadzirwa zvayo, vamwe vakakwereta mazano nehunyanzvi. Kurt, sechikamu cheiyi culinary ecosystem, yakavambwa sechiratidzo chesteppe cuisine uye yakasiya mucherechedzo wayo patsika yechikafu yedunhu rese.
Chimiro chetsika: chikafu chekunze uye tsika dzevafundisi
Muzvinyorwa zvakawanda zve exotic uye zvisina kujairika chikafu Padivi pemidziyo yakaita seScottish haggis kana mamwe mabikirwo enyama akarungwa zvakanyanya, kurt inomira sechikafu chinoshamisa cheavhareji yekuMadokero palate. Zvisinei, izvo zvinoshamisira kune vamwe zvave zviri muitiro wakachena kune vamwe kwezvizvarwa.
Haggis, semuenzaniso, inogadzirwa ne gwayana kana gwai (mapapu, chiropa, mwoyo…), akachekwa osanganiswa nemapfunde, hanyanisi, nezvinonhuhwira, zvese zvakaiswa mudumbu remhuka. Mhando iyi yekuwedzera kushandiswa kwechitunha chemombe yakafanana mumweya kune zvinoitika nekurt: zvose zvinoratidza chikafu chekupona, chine njere uye chakasungirirwa zvakanyanya kune zvakatipoteredza.
Munzvimbo dzeCentral Asia, mhuri dzinopinda muhufundisi dzakatevera pfungwa yakafanana kwemazana emakore: Hapana chinopihwa nemhuka chinotambiswa.Mukaka unoshandurwa kuita zvinwiwa zvakaviriswa (sekumis), bhotela, machizi matsva uye, hongu, kurt, inomiririra iyo yakanyanya kuomeswa uye inotakurika shanduro yeiyi yakakosha sosi.
Aya marudzi ezvokudya anowanzova chikamu kwete chekudya kwezuva nezuva, asiwo che tsika, mhemberero nemagariro evanhuKupa zvigadzirwa zvemukaka kumuenzi kwaive, uye nanhasi, chiratidzo chekugamuchira vaeni uye ruremekedzo mutsika zhinji dze steppe. Matireyi ekugamuchira angasanganisira tii, chingwa, masiwiti, uye zvimedu zvidiki zve kurt pamwe chete nezvimwe zvemukaka.
Kubva pane maonero anthropological, kurt inotiyeuchidza kuti maitiro edu e "zvakajairika" kana "zvinoshamisa" patafura zvine tsika. Chii kwatiri isu chishuvo chegastronomic chakabatanidzwa kwemazana emakore mukuzivikanwa kwevanhu vese vane hukama nazvo. nyika yevafundisi uye inotama-tama.
Nzira yekugadzira makwai kurt nhanho nhanho
Iyo yechinyakare kurt recipe inosiyana zvishoma zvichienderana nenharaunda uye mhuri, asi hwaro hunogara hwakafanana: kuvirisa, kuisa munyu, kudzvanya nekuomesaIzvi zvinotevera zvinotsanangura nzira yakajairika yekugadzirira imba, yakagadziridzwa kuti inzwisise maitiro ekutanga.
1. Kugadzirira kwemukaka wakaoma kana whey
Nzvimbo yekutanga inowanzova mukaka unenge watova yakavirisa zvoga kana whey zvichikonzerwa nekumbogadzira imwe mhando yechizi. Muchivanhu, kuvirisa uku kwakaitika nekusiya mukaka patembiricha yemumba, zvichitora mukana weiyo lactic bacteria yagara iripo.
Kana mukaka uchinge wanyunguduka uye chikamu chakasimba chaparadzana kubva mumvura, mukaka wakakora, une acidic-inonaka, unova hwaro hwevakawanda. zvigadzirwa zvakaviriswa yedunhu. Mudzimba dzemazuvano, nzira iyi inogona kudzokororwa uchishandisa yega, yakadirwa yogati, kana mukaka wakakombwa zvishoma nekuviriswa.
2. Kubvisa uye kuisa munyu mukanyiwa
Huru hwemukaka hunoiswa mumachira akachena kana masaga anobvumira whey yakawandisa inodonhaDanho iri rakakosha nekuti kana mvura yasara shoma, ndipo panobva paita kuchengetedzwa kuri nani. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kudzvanya zvinyoro kunoshandiswa kumhanyisa whey drainage.
Kana mukanyiwa wanyanya kuoma, wedzera munyu muhuwandu hwakawandaMunyu unoshanda semusikirwo unochengetedza, unonatsiridza kunaka, uye unobatsira chigadzirwa chekupedzisira kuwana chakasimba, chakabatana. Iyo chaiyo chikamu chinosiyana zvichienderana nekuravira kwenzvimbo, asi mhedzisiro yacho inofanirwa kuve ine munyu unooneka.
3. Yakaumbwa kuita mabhora madiki
Kana mukanyiwa wacho wanyatsodonhedzwa uye wakaiswa munyu, inguva yekuiumba. Zvikamu zvidiki zvinotorwa nemaoko uye zvinoumbwa kuita... mabhora madiki, masilinda kana mahwendefa madikizvakawanda kana zvishoma yunifomu. Sechinyakare, saizi yaienderana netsika yenzvimbo uye chinangwa (kushandiswa kwemazuva ese, kufamba, kuchinjana, nezvimwewo).
Aya mabhora madiki anogona kunge aine nzvimbo yakaoma zvishoma pakutanga, asi paanooma anobva awedzera kukora uye akatsetseka. Iyo manual shapeing inobatsirawo kudzinga iyo yasara serumkuwedzera kusimudzira kuchengetedza.
4. Kuomesa mhepo
Zvimedu zvichangobva kuumbwa zvinoiswa pamapuranga, machira, kana mameti munzvimbo inofefeterwa nemhepo, yakachengetedzwa kubva pakunyorova uye kumhuka. Kuomesa kunoitwa mumhepo, kutora mukana we mhepo yakaoma nezuva chimiro chenzvimbo dzakawanda dze steppe.
Nguva yekuomesa inogona kusiyana kubva pamazuva mashomanana kusvika kumavhiki akawanda, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze uye kuoma kwaunoda. Iyo yakareba iyo nzira yekuomesa, iyo yakaoma uye yakanyanya kuisa kurt inova, uye Inomira kwenguva yakareba yekuchengetedza zviri naniMumamiriro ezvinhu echinyakare, zvaive zvisiri zvisingaite kuti zvimwe zvimedu zvichengetedzwe kwemwedzi yakawanda.
5. Kuchengetedza uye kushandiswa
Kana yaoma, kurt inochengetwa mumasaga emucheka, mabhokisi emapuranga, kana midziyo yakafanana inobvumira kutenderera kwemhepo. kutenderera kwemhepo asi chengetedza kubva kutsvina. Panguva ino, chigadzirwa chacho chakanyatsogadzikana uye chinogona kuperekedza mufudzi kana mufambi kwenguva refu.
Pane nzira dzakasiyana dzekuishandisa: kuruma zvakananga mudiki bhoraIwe unogona kuipwanya mumvura inopisa kana muto kuti uite soup yemukaka inonaka, kana kuiisa pamusoro pezvimwe ndiro kuwedzera kunaka. Nokuda kwekunakidzwa kwezuva nezuva, kungova nechingwa, tii, kana chimwe chinwiwa chinopisa chiripo kuchaita kuti chinakidze.
Zvokudya zvinobatsira uye zvakanakira kurt
Kubva pakuona kwemazuva ano, kurt inogona kuita sechizi yakaoma yakaoma, asi kukosha kwayo kwechokwadi kunowanikwa mukuti i concentrated sosi yezvinovaka muviri yakagadzirirwa nharaunda umo kuenderera kwekuwana chikafu chitsva hakuna kuvimbiswa.
Nekuisa pfungwa pachinhu chakaoma zvakanyanya, chikamu chidiki chekurt chinowanzopa huwandu hwakawanda hweproteinIzvi zvinovaka muviri zvinodiwa kuchengetedza tsandanyama uye kutsigira akawanda metabolic mabasa. Uyezve, inochengetedza chikamu chakakosha checalcium uye phosphorus inowanikwa mumukaka, iyo yakakosha kune hutano hwemapfupa uye mazino.
Maitiro ekuvirisa anobatsirawo makomisheni ekudya kufariraIzvi zvinodaro nekuti lactic acid mabhakitiriya anoshandura imwe yelactose, zvichiita kuti chigadzirwa chiwedzere kushivirira kune vanhu vane hunyoro hwelactose kusashivirira. Zvisinei, sezvo chiri chikafu chechinyakare, chimiro chayo chaicho chinogona kusiyana zvakanyanya.
Panyaya yesimba, iyo kurt inopa makorikori muchimiro che mafuta akanaka uye mapuroteniIzvi zvainyanya kukosha munzvimbo dzaitonhora kana kuti mumazuva okushanda nesimba. Kune vafudzi vanotama-tama nemakaravhani pedyo neSilk Road, kugona uku kupa "mafuta" muvhoriyamu diki kwakakosha.
Kupfuura iyo inovaka muviri, iyo kurt ine isingarambike inoshanda mukana: yayo kunoshamisa kusimbaHaidi firiji, inoshingirira kufambiswa zvakanaka, haimbokanganiswa nekuvhunduka, uye inokwanisa kumira nekushanduka kwekushisa pasina kurasikirwa nehunhu hwayo.
Iko kurt mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuchengetedzwa kwezvokudya
Masangano akazvipira kune chikafu nekurima akanyatsoteerera kune iyi mhando ye zvechinyakare zveupenyu hurefu chikafu, sezvo vachigona kupa mazano anobatsira ekuvandudza kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu munzvimbo dzisina zviwanikwa.
Masangano epasi rese akanyora kuti zvigadzirwa zvakaita se kurt zvinoratidza kugona kwenharaunda dzekumaruwa shandisa zvakanyanya zviwanikwa zvemuno Pasina kudiwa kwehunyanzvi matekinoroji. Iko kusanganiswa kwakapfava kwekuvirisa, munyu, uye kuomeswa kunogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwesherufu yemukaka kwemwedzi yakawanda.
Munyika umo marara ezvokudya ari kukurukurwa zvakanyanya, nzira idzi dzekare dzinotiyeuchidza kuti nzira dziripo kuderedza kurasikirwa kwezvokudya yakagadziridzwa kune imwe neimwe nharaunda. Kurt nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvakaomeswa zvakabvumira mamirioni avanhu kuve necalorie uye mapuroteni anochengeterwa kunyangwe munguva dzekushomeka kwemafuro kana kuoma kwemamiriro ekunze.
Pamusoro pezvo, kubatanidza chikafu ichi muzvirongwa zvekusimudzira kumaruwa zvinogona kubatsira koshesa ruzivo rwechivanhu yevafudzi nevarimi, panguva imwe chete vachisimbisa hupfumi hwemhuri yavo. Kutengeswa kwekurt uye zvigadzirwa zvakafanana mumisika yemuno neyevashanyi inopa imwe sosi yemari.
Nzira yekunakidzwa nemakwai kurt nhasi
Kunyangwe kurt kuchiri kuwanda zvakanyanya pamatafura eCentral Asia pane edu, kune vanhu vari kuwedzera vanoda kuziva vanofarira mazviri. edza zvinonaka uye zvinosanganisa kubva kune dzimwe tsika dzekubika. Kana iwe uine mukana wekuzviedza, zvakakosha kuti uzvipe mukana uine pfungwa dzakavhurika.
Inonyanya kudyiwa se kurumwa munyu zvishomaRega ipfave mumuromo mako uye igoruma mairi zvishoma nezvishoma. Inogonawo kusanganiswa neflatbread, nzungu, kana chinwiwa chinopisa kuti ienzanise munyu uye kusimba kwayo.
Mukicheni, inogona kugezwa kana kuchekwa zvakanaka kuti iiise mukati soups, muto wakareruka kana mutouko kunopa kunhuwirira kwemukaka kwakanyanya uye kubata kwemunyu unokwanisa kutsiva munyu wakajairika. Mune mamwe mabikirwo emunharaunda, inosanganiswa nebhota kana zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemukaka kugadzira sosi dzakakora.
Kana iwe usingakwanise kuwana kurt yechokwadi, sarudzo yekumba (kunyangwe isina kufanana) kuita chizi chena yakanatswa Kutanga neyoghurt kana mukaka wakakanyiwa, munyu zvakanyanya uye woomesa munzvimbo inofefetera zvakanaka kusvikira yaoma. Izvo hazvizove zvakangofanana neyekutanga, asi zvinokupa iwe zano rakanaka reiyo yekutanga pfungwa.
Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti, kuva munyu wakadaro, hachisi chikafu chinofanirwa kudyiwa muhuwandu hwakawanda kamwechete. Chinhu chakachenjera kuita ndechokuti zvipedze zvine mwero, semushonga une simba kana sechikafu chenguva nenguva, kunyanya kana uine zvirambidzo zve sodium mukudya kwako.
Makwai kurt anoputira mune mashoma akaoma, ane munyu pellets nzira yese yekunzwisisa chikafu chinobva pa... kushandiswa kwakakwana kwemukaka, hupenyu hwekutama-tama uye kugadzirisa kune zvakatipoteredzaKubva kumakaravhani akayambuka mugwagwa weSirika akatakura zviuru zvezvimedu zviduku izvi kumhuri dzichiri kuzviita mudzimba dzavo nhasi, ichi chizi chakaoma chinoramba chiri chipupuriro mhenyu kune unyanzvi hwokugadzira tsika dzevafundisi uye chiyeuchidzo chokuti, shure kwezvokudya zvose, pane nguva dzose nyaya inofanirwa kutaurirwa.