Sinema yeFrance haisiyo chete firimu ine simba, asi inenge iri DNA yeunyanzvi hwechinomwe.Varume vaviri vekuFrance, hama dzaLumière, vakapa chiratidzo chekutanga kubhaisikopo. firimu rekutanga munhoroondoUye kubvira ipapo, France yave ichibatanidzwa mune dzinenge shanduko huru dzese dzemafirimu: kubva kumafirimu asina ruzha kusvika kuNouvelle Vague, kubva kumafirimu ane mukurumbira zvakanyanya kusvika kumafirimu emazuva ano anowanzo shandiswa pamitambo. Chero ani zvake anonyatsoongorora mafirimu ayo achawana nhoroondo yakakura… asi inonakidza.
Kusarudza mafirimu akanakisa ekuFrance, muchokwadi, kwakafanana nekunyora runyorwa rwemafirimu akanakisa munhoroondo.Kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti firimu iri rinopa mukana wakakura, takasarudza nzira isingafarirwi asi inoshanda zvikuru: kusanganisira firimu rimwe chete pamutungamiriri. Kunyange hazvo vamwe vagadziri vemafirimu vaine mabasa akati wandei akakosha munhoroondo, kuzviganhurira pamutungamiriri mumwe chete kunobvumira mhando dzakasiyana dzemafirimu, maitiro, uye nguva, kubva kumafirimu ekare asina ruzha kusvika kumafirimu emazuva ano anoshamisa.
Zvinyorwa zvemafirimu echiFrench zvakakosha
Patinotaura nezvemafirimu echinyakare echiFrench, tiri kutaura nezvematombo chaiwo emutauro wemafirimu.Mazita makuru akadai saAbel Gance, Dreyer kana Renoir ndiwo akatanga hwaro hwemafirimu enyaya, manzwiro akanyanyisa kana nyaya dzekurwisa hondo dziri kuramba dzichichinja nanhasi.
"Napoleon" yaAbel Gance haisi firimu chete; ifirimu renhoroondo rakafanana neraanoratidza.Iyi firimu isina ruzha inoenderera mberi kwemaawa mashanu muhondo nezvematongerwo enyika, ichibatanidza hunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva munguva yayo nepfungwa inoshamisa yekuona. Kugadziriswa kwayo kwave kuri rwendo rwakaoma, ichiedza kuvakazve, zvakanakisisa sezvinobvira, chiono chikuru chaive chafungwa naGance.
Bhuku raCarl Theodor Dreyer rinonzi "The Passion of Joan of Arc" rinoshanda pamwe chete nepfungwa imwe chete.Firimu iri, kunyangwe iri basa remutungamiriri wekuDenmark, rinoumba chikamu chakakosha chenhaka yemafirimu ekuFrance. Dreyer anosiyana netsika kuburikidza nekugadzira nekushandisa zviso zvaMaria Falconetti, achishandura kutongwa kwaJoan weArc kuita chiitiko chisinganzwisisike. Kutamba kwake uye kushandisa kwake kunyarara uye kuratidza kumeso kwakatsanangura mutauro mutsva wekuona wezvemweya nezvinosuwisa.
"L'Atalante" naJean Vigo idombo rinokosha risingapotseki, rakakomberedzwa nepfungwa dzechitenderoVigo akafa achiri mudiki uye akatadza kutora firimu, asi nyaya iyi yakaitirwa muchikepe cherwizi yakakwana kusiya chiratidzo chikuru. Firimu rake rinobatanidza chokwadi, mazwi, uye kubatwa kwezvisingatarisirwi kunotarisira kusvika kwevanyori vemafirimu echiFrench, zvichivhura mukana wemhando itsva dzekutaura nemanzwiro.
Mubhuku rinonzi "The Grand Illusion", Jean Renoir anotaura chimwe chezvinyorwa zvikuru zvekurwisa hondo zvenguva dzose.Firimu iri rakaitwa panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga uye rakaburitswa nguva pfupi Hondo Yechipiri isati yatanga, rinoratidza mapoka evanhu, kukudzwa kwemauto, uye hukama pakati pevavengi. Musanganiswa waro wehunhu, kutsoropodza, uye hunyanzvi hwepamutemo zvakaita kuti rive firimu rekutanga risiri reChirungu rakasarudzwa kuAcademy Award yeBest Picture, chiitiko chakakosha chebhaisikopo reFrance.
Bhuku raJean Cocteau rinonzi "Runako neChikara" rinoita kuti nyaya yengano iwedzere kunaka uye ine nhetembo dzinoonekwa.Kure kure nekurerutsa zvimwe zvinyorwa, Cocteau anovaka rudo rwakaoma, rwakazara nezviratidzo uye mamiriro akaita seehope. Mhinduro dzakagadzirwa nemaoko, manomano emakamera, uye kutungamira kweunyanzvi zvinoramba zvichinyepedzera, zvekuti vazhinji vachiri kuona shanduko iyi seyakajeka yenyaya yacho.
Kuti apedzise ongororo iyi yekare, bhuku raHG Clouzot rinonzi "The Wages of Fear" rinoratidza maitiro ekuderedza tsinga dzemuoni sezvisati zvamboonekwa nevamwe vashoma.Yakavakirwa mubhuku raGeorges Arnaud, nyaya iyi inotevera varume vakati wandei vanofanirwa kutakura marori akazara nenitroglycerin mumigwagwa ine njodzi. Kwemaawa maviri ekubata-bata, kudzikamisa mweya, uko kusvetuka kwega kwega mumugwagwa kunogona kureva rufu, zvinoita kuti firimu iri rive kirasi yepamusoro mumitambo inonakidza yezviitiko zvinotyisa.
Auteur cinema uye Nouvelle Vague revolution
Kana paine nzvimbo imwe chete iyo France yave ichitungamira kubva pakati pezana remakore rechi20, inyaya yemafirimu evanyori vemafirimu.Kubuda kwevagadziri vakaita saBresson, Varda, Truffaut, Godard, naRohmer kwakachinja zvachose manzwisisiro atinoita vatambi, nyaya, uye hukama huripo pakati pechokwadi nengano.
"Pickpocket" yaRobert Bresson inomiririra, sevamwe vashoma, maitiro emutungamiriri akapfava, anenge asina hanya.Mushure mekubira munhu, Bresson anonyanya kutarisa pazviito zvidiki diki, maoko anoba, kunyarara, uye kutarisa. Mafirimu ake anoshanda sezviitiko zvemweya, uko pfungwa dzemukati dzinoratidzwa kuburikidza nezviito zvinoita sezviri nyore, uye basa iri rakatevedzerwa uye rakadzidzwa nekuda kwekusaziva.
Kudivi rekuyedza zvakanyanya pane "Last Year at Marienbad" raAlain Resnais.Firimu iri rinosiyana nechero chimiro chenhoroondo yechinyakare: nguva inodzoka yoga, ndangariro dzinova dzisina kujeka, uye hurukuro inoita kunge inobva mukurota. Resnais anopa chifananidzo chakasiyana chemufirimu, apo muoni anofanira kuzvipira kudzokororwa, nzvimbo dzine ruzha, uye kuongorora ndangariro nechishuwo.
Agnès Varda, mumwe wevakadzi vashoma vakabatana neNouvelle Vague kubva pakutanga kwayo, akashamiswa ne "Cléo from 5 to 7"Firimu iri rinotevera, munguva chaiyo, muimbi wechidiki akamirira mhinduro yebvunzo yekurapa inochinja hupenyu. Murwendo urwu rwemuguta kuburikidza neParis, Varda anosanganisa chokwadi nengano, kuona uye pfungwa, achinyora mufananidzo wakajeka wekusagadzikana, kufa, uye kudiwa kwekutiza hunhu hwemunhu muhupenyu.
Mukati meTruffaut, "The Soft Skin" inoonekwa seimwe yenzira dzake dzisinganzwisisike dzekuratidza rudo nekusatendeka.Mutungamiriri anoratidza kunzwisisa kukuru mukubata zvinhu zvidiki-diki zvekudanana kwevanhu vari kunze kwewanano, mhosva, fungidziro, uye kusasimba kwezvisungo. Nyaya yake inoita seiri nyore inotsamira paunyanzvi hwekutaura kwemafirimu kuratidza manzwiro akasimba nerunako rusina kunyatsojeka.
Kana ari iye, Jacques Demy akasimudzira mimhanzi yekare padanho rakasiyana ne "The Umbrellas of Cherbourg".Pano, zvese zvinoimbwa; hapana hurukuro inotaurwa, uye mavara anoputika pachiratidziro nemagadzirirwo akanaka. Seri kwenzvimbo iyi inonakidza kune rudo runotyisa nezverudo rusingagoneki, kuparadzana, uye zvisarudzo zvinoshandura hupenyu. Musiyano uripo pakati pekunaka kwemimhanzi nekuoma kwenyaya kunoita kuti ive chiitiko chinoparadza.
Jean-Luc Godard akapindawo mufirimu resainzi rakasanganiswa nefirimu rekuti "Lemmy vs. Alphaville"Nezvishandiso zvishoma uye kutora mafirimu ari muParis, Godard anovaka dystopia yeramangwana inotongwa nehuchenjeri hwekugadzira, uko mupurisa anofanira kutarisana neguta risina hunhu. Mugumisiro wacho ibasa risingaverengeki rinoputsa tsika dzerudzi urwu nepfungwa dzakanaka uye nzwisiso yakadzama.
Munyaya yemafirimu emhosva, bhaisikopo raJean-Pierre Melville rinonzi "Le Samouraï" rinopa tsanangudzo itsva yefirimu rinotyisa.Alain Delon anotamba semutambi ane hunyanzvi, murume asinganyanyi kutaura uye ane tsika dzakasimba, ane tsika dzinokanganiswa mumutambo wekutsvaga nekutengesa. Firimu iri rinoshandura nyaya yerudzi urwu kuita fungidziro yehupenyu hwekusurukirwa neramangwana, pasina kurasikirwa nekushushikana kwefirimu reFrance.
"Belle de Jour" inoratidza chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha pakushanda pamwe chete pakati paLuis Buñuel neindasitiri yemafirimu yeFrance.Mutungamiriri weAragonese anoshandisa rusununguko rwekugadzira rwunopihwa nevanhu vekuFrance kuti vagadzire nyaya inomutsa pfungwa pamusoro pemukadzi webourgeois anoshanda muimba yepfambi masikati. Firimu iri rinobatanidza chishuwo, fungidziro, uye kutsoropodzwa kwevanhu nemaitiro aBuñuel asingakanganisike, zvichikonzera mifananidzo ine mukurumbira uye tsananguro yakajeka pamusoro pekudzvinyirirwa nehunyengeri.
Ne "My Night at Maud's", Éric Rohmer anotora maitiro ake ehurukuro dzakadzama uye mise-en-scène inonatsiridza zvakanyanya.Firimu iri rinonyanya kuitika panguva yemanheru marefu, umo chitendero, tsika, mafungiro, uye kukwezvana pabonde zvinokurukurwa zviri nyore. Rohmer anoratidza kuti sinema inokwezva inogona kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvishoma, chero bedzi vatambi nehurukuro zvakagadzirwa zvine hungwaru.
Mukunyanya kusimba, firimu raAndrzej Zulawski rinonzi "Possession" rinomiririra chikamu chikuru chefirimu remunyori rakatorwa muFrance.Firimu iri rinotanga sedhirama rekuparadzana kwevakaroorana uye munguva pfupi rinozopedzisira rava nyonganyonga yepfungwa dzinotyisa, kuzvidya mwoyo, uye zvinhu zvakaita seLovecraft. Kutamba kwaIsabelle Adjani kwave muenzaniso, uye firimu iri haribvumiri vaoni vanofara.
Achipedzisa chikamu chikuru ichi, bhuku raKrzysztof Kieślowski rinonzi "Three Colors: Blue" chikamu chezvikamu zvitatu zvakakosha zvemafirimu ekuEurope.Mutungamiriri wekuPoland, anogara kuFrance, anoruka nyaya yekusuwa nerusununguko kuburikidza nehunhu hwaJuliette Binoche, uyo anoedza kuvakazve hupenyu hwake mushure menjodzi. Kushandisa kwaKieślowski mavara, mimhanzi, uye ellipses kuongorora mafungiro emutambi mukuru kunoita kuti firimu iri rive rakagadziriswa zvekuti rakaita kuti rive remazuva ano.
Sinema yemazuva ano yeFrance: manzwi matsva nemaonero akashata
Kubva kuma90 kusvika nhasi, sinema yeFrance yakaramba iri rabhoritari yenguva dzose yepfungwaZvizvarwa zvitsva zvevagadziri vemafirimu, pamwe chete nevanyori vekune dzimwe nyika vakawana nzvimbo yakaorera muFrance, vakagadzira mafirimu anowedzera miganhu yenzira iyi vasingarasikirwe nemanzwiro nekushoropodzwa kwevanhu.
Olivier Assayas, aimbove mutsoropodzi uye nyanzvi huru yezvenhau, akazvipa pfungwa dzake dzose pamusoro pekushanda kwemafirimu ne "Irma Vep"Firimu iri rinotsanangura nyonganyonga yefirimu rekuFrance riri kuedza kugadzirazve nhevedzano yekare ye "Les Vampires," yakataurwa nemutambi weHong Kong anotambwa naMaggie Cheung. Pakati pekusawirirana kwevashandi, kusagadzikana kweunyanzvi, uye kusawirirana kwetsika, Assayas inopa firimu rekare rinoongorora hunhu, cinephilia, uye kusakwanisika kutora bhaisikopo sechinhu chakagadzikana.
Claire Denis anounza imwe yemaonero akaomarara uye akaomarara pamusoro pehukama hwevanhu ne "35 Shots of Rum"Mufirimu iri rerudo, mutungamiriri anoongorora hukama huripo pakati pababa vakafirwa nemwanasikana wavo sezvavanotarisana nemukana wekuzvimirira. Kuburikidza nezviratidzo zvidiki, kunyarara, uye mafambiro emuviri akarongwa, Denis anoshandura kusagadzikana kwemukati mevatambi vake kuita bhaisikopo, ukuwo achipawo maonero ake ekutsoropodza pamusoro penhaka dzekoloni nerusaruraganda rwemaumbirwo.
Mia Hansen-Løve anozvisimbisa semuimbi mukuru wezana remakore rechi21 nerwiyo rwekuti “Un amour de jeunesse (rudo rwekutanga)”Firimu iri rinoongorora kukanganiswa kwerudo rwekutanga rwemukadzi wechidiki muhupenyu hwake mumakore apfuura, richiratidza kuti hukama uhwu hunoumba sei zvisarudzo zvake zveramangwana. Hansen-Løve anoshandisa maitiro echisikigo, asina kutaurwa zvakanyanya ayo akapesvedzera chizvarwa chitsva chevatungamiriri vechikadzi vanofarira maitiro emukati memanzwiro uye mashandiro ehukama hwevanhu.
Pakati pemafirimu akabatana ayo ave kuoma kusiyanisa nefirimu rekuFrance, "Amour" yaMichael Haneke inoonekwa seyakakasharara pamanzwiro ayo.Firimu iri rinotevera vaviri vakwegura vane kugadzikana kwakakanganiswa nekurwara kwemukadzi uyu kamwe kamwe. Haneke, anozivikanwa nekutarisa kwake hunhu hwevanhu zvisina kugadzikana, anosvika padanho rekutsamwa kukuru pano, zvichimanikidza muoni kutarisana nekuderera kwemuviri nepfungwa, pamwe nemiganhu yekutarisira netsitsi.
Paul Verhoeven, mumwe mutungamiriri wekunze akagamuchirwa neFrance, akashamisa vateereri ne "Elle"Nyaya yacho inotaura nezvemukuru wekambani, mushure mekushungurudzwa pabonde, anosarudza kugadzirisa zvakaitika nenzira inopesana netsika dzechinyakare. Mutungamiriri weDutch anoshandisa mukana wekushaikwa kwemitemo inorambidzwa muFrance kuti awedzere kusanganisa kwake kwakajairika kwekutsamwisa, kuseka, uye kuchenjera, achivimba naIsabelle Huppert ane hunyanzvi anotakura firimu kubva pakutanga kusvika kumagumo.
Mukati memafirimu achangoburwa, "Portrait of a Lady on Fire" yaCéline Sciamma yakakurumidza kuwana nzvimbo yakanaka.Firimu iri rinotaura nezvenyaya yekusangana kwemupendi nemurume wechidiki ane mukurumbira waakatumwa kuti aratidze pachitsuwa chakavanda, munyika umo rudo pakati pevakadzi rusingagamuchirwi munharaunda. Sciamma inoongorora chishuwo, kutarisa, uye ndangariro nekunzwa kunoshamisa, ichigadzira mifananidzo yakanaka kwazvo inogara mupfungwa dzemuoni.
Leos Carax anounza divi rake rakanyanyisa uye rekamikaze kuna "Annette"Mumhanzi wepop-rock wakanyorwa uye wakanyorwa nebhendi reSparks, unosanganisa melodrama, spectacle, uye steresque munyaya yemuimbi wemitambo anomira, muimbi weopera, nemwanasikana wake ane tarenda risinganzwisisike. Carax anochinja matauriro ake asinganyeveri, achifamba kubva pakusetsa kuenda kukutya kwepfungwa kana njodzi, achigadzira chirongwa chisina kufanana nechero chimwe, chinogona kufadza uye chinovhiringidza.
Simba remafirimu eFrance kunze kwemiganhu yayo
Kukosha kwemafirimu eFrance hakungogumiri mumabasa ayo chete; kunoshandawo senzvimbo yekupotera uye simba rekukurudzira vagadziri vemafirimu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika.Izvi zvakatoonekwa naBuñuel, Kieślowski, Zulawski, Haneke kana Verhoeven, vatungamiriri vakawana muFrance indasitiri inoda kubheja pamazano ane njodzi angadai asina kubudirira munzvimbo dzavakabva.
Mweya iwoyo wekugamuchira wakaita kuti sinema yeFrance ishande senzira yekubatanidza tsika dzakasiyana-siyana nemaonero akasiyana-siyanaVanhu vekuPoland, vekuSpain, vekuAustria, vekuDutch, nevamwe vazhinji vakakwanisa kugadzira mabasa makuru pano, vachipawo zvikamu zvitsva kumamiriro ebhaisikopo eFrance. Kusanganiswa kwekugadzirwa kwenyika nemabasa epasi rose pamwe chete kwakaita kuti nyika ive imwe yenzvimbo dzinotungamira pasi rose dzemabhaisikopo evanyori.
Uyezve, kusimba kwenetwork yayo yemitambo, zvinyorwa zvemafirimu, uye magazini akasarudzika kwakagadzira tsika yemafirimu ine simba zvikuru.Vatsoropodzi vakazova vatungamiriri, vakaita seavo veNouvelle Vague, vakadzokera kudzidziso nemaitiro emafirimu, uye nanhasi manzwi evechidiki achiri kubuda anobatanidzwa zvakananga nenhaka iyi, kungave kuienderera mberi kana kuipandukira.
Panguva imwe chete, sinema yeFrance yakapinda munhau dzepasi rose dzinoona nezvemavhidhiyo, zvichipesvedzera kunyange mitambo yepaterevhizheni uye nzira inoshandiswa pakuongorora nyaya dzepaterevhizheni.Nekuda kwemapuratifomu ekutepfenyura uye varatidziri, nzvimbo iri kuramba ichikura yakazaruka yenyaya dzemhando dzechiFrench, makomedhi, mitambo inotyisa uye madhirama zvinotumirwa kunze kwenyika zviri nyore, zvichikurudzirwa nemukurumbira wakaunganidzwa kwemakumi emakore emafirimu epamusoro.
Chero ani zvake anotanga kunyura mumafirimu akanakisa echiFrench achazviwana ari parwendo runotangira pakuva nepfungwa dzakanyarara kusvika kumimhanzi yemazuva ano ine ushingi.Kubva pamimhanzi yepedyo uye inonakidza kusvika kumifananidzo yepfungwa, makomedhi anotapira, uye mifananidzo yevanhu isina kujeka, France yakazvigadzirazve mafirimu, mazana emakore, uye mafirimu ayo ipfungwa isingaperi yekukurudzira chero ani zvake anoda mafirimu anoda kushamisika nguva nenguva.
