Kutarisira microbiota uye majekiseni eSalmonella mushiri

Salmonellosis muhuku yava imwe yezvirwere zvekuti kana ukashanda mukurima huku, unoziva kuti uri kubata nazvo. Haukwanise kurasikirwa nepfungwa yezuva rimwe cheteHazvingokanganisi chete kugara zvakanaka uye kubereka kwemapoka emhuka, asiwo ndiwo musimboti wehurukuro pamusoro pekuchengetedzeka kwechikafu, kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya zvine hungwaru uye mitemo iri kuramba ichioma.

Muchirevo ichi, binomial yakaumbwa na kutarisira utachiona hwemudumbu uye zvirongwa zvekubaiwa majekiseni ekudzivirira Salmonella Nhasi uno, ndeimwe yezvishandiso zvakasimba zvekuderedza njodzi mumapurazi uye mune zvese zvekudya. Chinokosha hachisi mukuyedza chimwe chete chishamiso, asi mukubatanidza majekiseni, kuchengetedza zvipenyu, kudzora zvipembenene, mvura, chikafu, uye nzira dzehutachiona (ma probiotics, kukwikwidzana kusabvisa, prebiotics) muchirongwa chakabatana uye chinoenderera mberi.

Chii chinonzi avian salmonellosis uye nei ichinetsa zvakadaro?

Salmonellosis mushiri inokonzerwa nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emasero eropa. Salmonella entericabhakitiriya Mabhakitiriya eGram-negative anogona kukonzera chirwere che enteritis chisingaperi kana kuti chinouraya utachiona (septicemia) Muhuku, maturkey, uye huku dzinokandira mazai. Zvichienderana nerudzi rweshiri uye zera radzo, zviratidzo zvechirwere zvinogona kubva pakutapukirwa nehutachiona husingaonekwe kusvika pakufa kwakakosha.

Kunze kwekukanganiswa kwakananga nepurazi (kuwedzera huremu hushoma, kuchinja chikafu zvakanyanya, kufa kwakanyanya, kunonoka kutanga kwekuisa mazai), dambudziko chairo nderekuti Mhando zhinji dzeSalmonella dzinoonekwa semhuka dzinobva mumhukaKureva kuti, zvinogona kutapuriranwa kuvanhu kuburikidza nekudya nyama yehuku, zvitunha zvakasviba, kana mazai nezvigadzirwa zvemazai.

Saka, salmonellosis yeshiri inoonekwa sechirwere cheganda. chirwere chine chikamu chakasimba chehutano hwevanhuZvirongwa zvekudzora mhuka munyika nepasi rose (zvakaita sezvakaitwa nemasangano ezvipfuyo nemasangano akaita seOMSA/WOAH) zvakaisa zvinangwa zvekuderedza kuwanda kwemhuka mumapoka ekuberekesa, huku dzinoyamwisa nedzehuku dzenyama, uye zvinoda kutariswa kwakasimba, kutorwa kwesampuli uye nzira dzekushuma.

Mamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara nekuda kwe kubuda uye kupararira kwemhando dzeSalmonella dzisingaurayiwi nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriyaMamiriro ezvinhu aya, anokonzerwa nemakore ekushandiswa zvakanyanya uye zvisina kukodzera kwemishonga inorwisa utachiona mumishonga yemhuka nevanhu, anosimbisa kukosha kwekuvimba nekudzivirira, kubaya, uye kutarisira utachiona, kuchengetedza mishonga inorwisa utachiona mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo uye pasi pezvinodiwa nemhuka.

Kupinda mudumbu neSalmonella: chinhu chakakosha pakuchengetedza chikafu

Nzira yekugaya ndiyo nzvimbo huru yeSalmonella mushiri, uye kupinda kwayo muhudyu kunomiririra njodzi yakananga kukuchengetedzwa kwechikafu chevatengiKubva muura, mabhakitiriya anogona kuburitswa mutsvina, kusvibisa magumbeze, nharaunda, mazai (mukati kana kunze) uye zvitunha panguva yekuurayiwa.

Manyuko ekusvibiswa kwezvinhu akasiyana-siyana: zvipembenene, mvura, chikafu, magumbeze, ma incubator, vaberekesi, vashandi nemhuka dzesangoKana Salmonella yangopinda mupurazi yowana mamiriro akanaka (kusachena zvakanaka, magumbeze akanyorova, kushushikana, kuvapo kwezvimwe zvirwere zvemudumbu), zvinova zvakaoma kwazvo kubvisa.

Saka, hurongwa huripo huri kutarisana nematanho maviri panguva imwe chete: kudzivirira kupinda nekupararira kwebhakitiriya munzvimbo yekugadzira (kuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu zvipenyu, kuchenesa, kubvisa utachiona, kudzora zvipembenene) uye kuwedzera simba reshiri kuti dzisapinde mudumbu (majekiseni, kudzivirira utachiona, kugadzirisa kushushikana uye hutano hwematumbu).

Zvinogona kukonzera Salmonella muhuku

Kuti unyatsorwisa Salmonella, zvakakosha kuziva kwainobva. zvingangove manyuko ekusvibiswa uye kupararira papurazi rehuku zvinosanganisira:

• Zvipembenene (zvipembenene, inda dzehukuzvikwekwe, nhunzi).
• Makonzo.
• Shiri dzesango nedzimwe mhuka dzesango.
• Vanhu (vashandi, vashanyi, vatakuri).
• Kunwa mvura.
• Chikafu nezvinhu zvakabikwa.
• Mubhedha (mutsva kana kuti washandiswazve).
• Nzvimbo dzekuberekesa mbesa nenzvimbo dzekuberekesa mbesa.

Pakati pavo vose, zvinofungidzirwa kuti Vanhu ndivo chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru mukuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu zvipenyuKufamba kwevashanyi, kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwenzvimbo dzekugezera nekugeza, mbatya neshangu dzisina kuchinja, kana kufamba pakati pezvivakwa pasina kutevedzera mahwindo ehutsanana zvinogona kuunza kana kutamisa Salmonella chinyararire.

Saka, zvinokurudzirwa kuderedza kushanya kwevaenzi zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Shandisa mapuroteni ekuwana akasimba (mashawa, mbatya dzemhando yepamusoro, shangu dzakagadziriswa mushonga wekuuraya utachiona) uye gadzira nzvimbo dzebasa dzinodzivisa kufamba kubva pamapoka evadiki kuenda kune ekare kana kubva kumashedhi akachena kuenda kumashedhi akasviba pazuva rimwe chete.

Nhiyo dzisina Salmonella uye basa renzvimbo yekuberekesa vana

Purogiramu yega yega yakakomba yekurwisa Salmonella inotanga pamusoro pepiramidhi yekugadzira: mitsetse yakachena, vanambuya nasekuru, vanambuya nevaberekesi vemabhizinesiKana mapoka emhuka akachengetwa asina Salmonella akakwira, kumanikidzwa kwehutachiona kuchava kwakaderera muzvikamu zvinotevera.

Maitiro ari pamusoro pepiramidhi akaomarara zvikuru: kuchengetedzeka kwakanyanya kwezvakatipoteredza, kudzora ongororo nguva dzose uye kubaya nhomba zvakanakaChinangwa chikuru ndechekuti nhiyo dzine zuva rimwe chete dzisvike kumapurazi ekutengesa dzisina Salmonella, nekuti nhiyo ichangoberekwa inogona kutapukirwa nehutachiona hushoma, kunyangwe nebhakitiriya rimwe chete.

Nzvimbo yekuberekesa mazai ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzinonyanya kukonzera kupararira kwezvipembenene. Kana nzira dzekudzivirira dzikakundikana, mazai ane utachiona kana asina kubatwa nehutachiona zvisina kunaka anogona kupararira. mota hombe dzeSalmonella kuenda kumapuraziNdosaka zvichikosha:

• Isa mazai akachena chete kubva mumapoka akarongwa.
• Isa mushonga wekuuraya utachiona wakakodzera usati wapinda mu incubator.
• Itai zvirongwa zvekuchenesa nekuuraya utachiona mumatireyi, mungoro, mumachubhu emvura nemumakamuri.
• Dzora kufamba kwevashandi nezvinhu kuti usapararire.

Kudzora zvipembenene: zvikwekwe, nhunzi, nemakonzo

Kudzora zvipembenene hakusi dambudziko rechipiri: zvipembenene zvakawanda nemakonzo zvinoshanda se Mabhakitiriya anoshanda zvakanyanya eSalmonella mukati nepakati pemapuraziKusavateerera kunovhura mukana wekuti munhu arambe achiwana hutachiona zvakare kunyangwe paine majekiseni akanaka uye nzira dzakanaka dzekuchenesa.

Nhumbu (Alphitobius diaperinus)

Chipembenene ichi, chinowanikwa zvakanyanya mukuisa mafuta mumashedhi, chinogona kuchengeta nekutakura Salmonella kwenguva yakarebaInokwanisa kurarama kwemazuva anopfuura mazana mana uye kufamba rwendo runopfuura 1,5 km, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo yakanaka pakati pematura nemapurazi kana isingadzoreki.

Makonye avo anovanda mumitswe, muzvinhu zvipenyu, mumadziro, kana kunze kwechivako. Saka, matanho ekudzora anoshanda zvakanyanya kana Ngarava haina chinhu uye haina shiri.nekuti zvinokwanisika kuita zvinhu nesimba guru uye zvakachengeteka.

Matanho acho anowanzo sanganisira:

• Bvisa mubhedha wese wobva wauburitsa nekukurumidza mukamuri, zvakanaka kuti ufukidzwe nepurasitiki.
• Shamba ngarava yacho zvakanaka woibvisa utachiona panzvimbo dzose.
• Isa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene ine simba rakasara pasi, madziro, zvinotsigira zvirimwa uye kunze kwenzvimbo.
• Tenderedzai mhando dzemishonga inouraya zvipembenene gore rega rega kuti musarambe mishonga iyi.

Nhunzi

Nhunzi yepamba (Musca domestica) iripo kunyanya mu ngarava dzinoisaInoshandisa nzvimbo dzine hunyoro nenzvimbo dzine hunyoro dzakapfuma muzvinhu zvipenyu. Inopedza hupenyu hwayo kubva pazai kusvika yakura muvhiki imwe chete uye inogona kubhururuka makiromita akati wandei ichitsvaga chikafu.

Kudzora kunosanganisira kuderedza nzvimbo dzinokura makonye (hunyoro mumagumbeze, kuungana kweguano, kudonhedzwa kwezvikafu) uye kushandisa mishonga nguva nenguva:

• Chengeta magumbeze nenzvimbo dzine guano dzakaoma.
• Ita mishonga yakanangwa kana kuti yakavharirwa munzvimbo dzine nhunzi dzakawanda.
• Itai chirongwa chekuchengetedza zvipembenene chakabatana, kwete kuita zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana pasina kuenderera mberi.
• Tenderedza mishonga yezvipembenene kota imwe neimwe kuti uderedze njodzi yekusagona kurwisa zvipembenene.

Makonzo

Makonzo nembeva (zvikurukuru Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus y Musculusvari matangi anozivikanwa uye anoparadzira Salmonella (ona zvirwere zvemakonzoKuti ugadzire hurongwa hwekudzora hunoshanda zvechokwadi, zvakakosha kuziva biology yahwo: saizi, maitiro ehusiku, nzvimbo dzekufamba, nzvimbo dzekuvakira matendere, uye maitiro ekupindura kune zvinokwezva.

Maitiro akajairika anosanganisira:

• Bvisa masora, marara emuchina nezvinhu zvisisashandiswe zvinopa pekugara (ona kudzinga makonzo sei).
• Tarisa nzvimbo dzekubata hove mazuva ese manomwe kusvika gumi nemana wonyora pasi zvadzinoita.
• Isa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene ine mvura uye yakasimba zviri nani kana zvivako zvisina vanhu.
• Iva nechokwadi chekuti zvirauro zvinoiswa panzvimbo inogarwa nemakonzo uye panofamba-famba.
• Tenderedza zvigadzirwa nguva nenguva.
• Kana paine huwandu hwakawanda hweSalmonella, ongorora kuti ndeapi ma serovar akaparadzaniswa mumakonzo anobva kumapurazi ane matambudziko.

Kuchenesa mibhedha, kubvisa utachiona uye kubata

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mukurwisa Salmonella ndechekutanga chirongwa chekurapa chirwere ichi. nzira yekuchenesa nekuuraya utachiona yakarongeka uye yakakwana pakati pemabhechi. Hazvina kukwana kungo "shandisa muchina wekuwachisa pressure"; kurongeka uye kusarudzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvakakosha.

Chirongwa chebasa chakajairika Kana ngarava isina chinhu zvinogona kuva:

1. Isa zvinobata mbeva nemvura uye zvakasimba, uchishandisa mukana wekusavapo kweshiri.
2. Bvisai magumbeze ese kana manyowa moisa panzvimbo yakakodzera kure nepurazi.
3. Sukurudza nemvura pakutanga (kana zvichibvira kupisa).
4. Isa sipo yekubvisa mafuta nechinhu chakanamira paganda.
5. Sukurudza zvakare nemvura inopisa.
6. Isa mushonga wekuuraya utachiona wakasarudzwa, uchiremekedza mwero, nguva yekusangana nechirwere uye tembiricha.
7. Pakupedzisira, isa mushonga wezvipembenene kudzora chero zvipembenene zvasara.

Pakusarudza mishonga yekuuraya utachiona, unofanira kufunga nezvemishonga yavo yekuuraya utachiona mhedzisiro yasara, kushanda zvakanaka kana paine zvinhu zvakasikwa uye simba rinoparadzaZvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvinoderedza kushanda kwazvo kana paine zvasara zvechisikigo, ndosaka zvichikosha kugeza nesipo pachine nguva.

Nezvemubhedha, zvakatsanangurwa Kuvapo kweSalmonella kunyangwe mune zvinhu zvitsvaSaka, zvinokurudzirwa kuti:

• Ongorora uye ongorora vanopa mibhedha.
• Ongorora mamiriro ekuchengetedza uye ekufambisa.
• Isa mishonga (semuenzaniso, propionic acid kana 6% formaldehyde) kuderedza mutoro wehutachiona.

Kana mubhedha wangosvika muchikepe, Hunyoro hunova chinhu chakakoshaNzvimbo dzakanyorova dzinoita kuti Salmonella irambe iripo kwenguva refu, saka dzinofanira kubviswa dzotsiviwa. Kushandiswa kwemishonga inoita kuti pave neacid (50% propionic acid, aluminium sulfate, sodium bisulfate, nezvimwewo) kunobatsira kuderedza pH yetsvina iri pasi pe4, izvo zvinoderedza zvakanyanya kugona kwebhakitiriya kurarama.

Uyezve, kuwedzera nguva yekuzorora pakati pemabheti kunobatsira kuomesa magumbeze (kana akashandiswazve) uye zvinoderedza huwandu hweSalmonella nenzira yechisikigo inopona, kunyanya kana ikabatanidzwa nemhepo inofefetera, chiedza chezuva chisina kunanga, uye tembiricha yakakwana.

Mvura yekunwa nechikafu: nzira mbiri dzakakosha

Mvura yekunwa inogona kunwiwa panguva imwe chete Chitubu cheSalmonella uye nzira yekupararira kwebhakitiriya muchivako chose. Kuramba uchibvisa utachiona mumvura (semuenzaniso, ne chlorine, chlorine dioxide, kana mimwe mishonga inouraya utachiona yakabvumidzwa) kunoderedza zvikuru mukana wekutapukirwa nehutachiona.

Zvakakosha kutarisa kanenge kamwe chete pasvondo kuti huwandu hwemishonga inouraya utachiona panzvimbo dzinoshandiswa hwakakwana here, sezvo huchigona kusiyana zvichienderana nekuyerera kwemvura, tembiricha, kana mhando yemvura huru kana yemutsime. Zvinokurudzirwawo kuti uongorore. kuongorora hunhu hwezvinhu zvipenyu nguva nenguva yemvura.

Kana ngarava isina chinhu, migero yemvura inofanira kuiswa pasi kuchenesa kwakanyanyaKusanganisa zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana (semuenzaniso, ammonia, ichiteverwa necitric acid, wozotevera chlorine, uye pakupedzisira wosukurudza nemvura yakachena) kunobatsira kubvisa biofilms nemarara eorganic uko Salmonella nezvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kupotera.

Nezvekudya, chinangwa ndechekupa chikafu chakakodzera. Haana Salmonella uye akadzivirirwa kubva pakusvibiswa panguva yekugadzira nekuparadzira. Matanho anokurudzirwa anosanganisira:

• Sarudza zvinhu zvisina njodzi yakawanda, zvichideredza kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinobva mumhuka.
• Ongorora zvinhu zvine njodzi huru.
• Isa mishonga yekubvisa utachiona, ingave yemakemikari (organic acids) kana yekupisa (pelletizing).
• Dzivisa kusvibiswa kwemvura mufiriji, masilo, maconveyor, uye nzvimbo dzekutakurira.

Ma organic acid anonyanya kushandiswa ndeaya acetic, propionic uye formic, ari ega kana akabatanidzwa, pahuwandu hunowanzova pakati pe0,5 ne1%. Nguva yakanakisisa yekuzvishandisa inowanzo kuve panguva yekugamuchira zvinhu zvakagadziriswa kana mu mixer.kana nekupfapfaidza paganda rapera, vachiedza kuderedza kusvibiswa kwekutanga uye kupona kweSalmonella kana ikasvibiswa zvakare.

Kubaiwa nhomba yeSalmonella mushiri

Kubaiwa nhomba kwave kuzivikanwa seimwe ye zvishandiso zvakakosha muzvirongwa zvekudzivirira salmonellosis yeshiriHazvitsivi kuchengetedzeka kwemhuka kana hutsanana, asi zvinowedzera kushanda kwazvo uye zvinobvumira kudzikiswa kwekushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.

Chinangwa chejekiseni ndeche kukurudzira masoja ekudzivirira muviri eshiri kudzivirira kupinda kwemudumbu uye kupararira kweropa mumuviri. yeSalmonella. Izvi zvinoderedza kubuda kwetsvina, kutapurirana kweshiri pakati peshiri, uye kusvibiswa kwemazai nezvitunha.

Pane mhando dzakasiyana dzemajekiseni:

• Majekiseni ekudzivirira chirwere akadzikira.
• Majekiseni asina kushanda (mabhakitiriya).
• Mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere inosanganiswazve.
• Majekiseni ekudzivirira zvipembenene.

Sarudzo yerudzi rwemushonga wekudzivirira uye purogiramu yekupa mushonga (zera, huwandu hwemushonga, nguva dzekushandisa) zvinoenderana mhando dzemhuka (dzinoberekesa, dzinobereka, dzinodyara huku), huwandu hwenjodzi yeSalmonella munharaunda, uye mamiriro ekutarisira purazi.pamwe chete nemitemo inoshanda munyika imwe neimwe.

Majekiseni ekudzivirira mhenyu akagadziriswa

Majekiseni ekudzivirira chirwere anowanikwa ari mupenyu anowanzo torwa kubva Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum kana Typhimurium yakagadziriswa majini kuti ive kubvisa zvinhu zvinokonzera hutachiona kana nzira huru dzekugadzirisa muviri mukubatana, kupinda, uye kurarama mukati memuviri wemunhu wacho. Izvi zvinobvumira marudzi ejekiseni kukurudzira simba rekudzivirira muviri pasina kukonzera chirwere.

ZVISINGAITWA NEMISHONGA IYI:

• Havashandure vana vane hutachiona kare kuita vasina hutachiona.
• Hazvidziviriri kutapurirana kwemasero emudumbu kuburikidza nezai.
• Hazvivimbise dziviriro kubva kuma serotypes ese aripo.
• Hazvitsivi nzira dzakanaka dzekuchengetedza zvipenyu uye dzekubata nadzo.

Zvinopa mabhenefiti akajeka:

• Zvinoderedza kubuda kweSalmonella mutsvina, izvo zvinoderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
• Dzinodzivirira nhiyo mumazuva adzo ekutanga ehupenyu kuburikidza nemakwikwi ekubvisa dzimwe mhuka.
• Vanobvumira kushandiswa kwavo muhuku dzenyama dzemombe kana mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru.
• Vanoshanda sechinosimudzira zvirongwa zvekubayisa huku dzekuberekesa nekukandira.
• Dzinopa dziviriro yakati wandei kubva kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana.

Majekiseni aya anopihwa muhuwandu hwakatarwa, achishandisa mhando dzisina utachiona uye dzinokwanisa kuteverwa. Nzira yekuisa mbudzana inogona kuva yekupfapfaidza munzvimbo yekuberekesa vana kana purazi, kuburikidza nemvura yekunwa, kana kubaya nepasi pevhu.Uye zvakajairika kuti munhu abatwe kamwe chete kuti arambe akachengetedzwa zvakanaka.

Nzira inoshanda inosanganisira kubaya nhomba kutanga nejekiseni mhenyu uye zvinozoshandisa zvigadzirwa zvekusabatanidzwa mumakwikwikuitira kuti kupinda muropa nerudzi rwejekiseni ne microbiota inodzivirira kusiye nzvimbo diki yemarudzi emumunda. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ma antibodies emadzimai anogona kukanganisa kupinda muropa nerudzi rwejekiseni mukati memavhiki ekutanga ehupenyu.

Majekiseni asina kushanda

Mishonga yeSalmonella isina kushanda inogadzirwa nemabhakitiriya zvinhu zvinobatsira zvine mafuta kana mvuraDzinogona kunge dziri dzekutengesa (dzine ma serotypes anodiwa nevanhu vose) kana kuti dzingave dzega (dzakagadzirwa nemarudzi akaparadzaniswa mukubatanidzwa kana muchivako chekuuraya).

Kupiwa kwayo kunoda jekiseni rimwe nerimwe, kazhinji kaviri pashiri imwe neimwe, uye mhedzisiro yayo huru ndeyekukonzera mhinduro yakasimba yehumoral (IgG)Dziviriro chaiyo kubva kuma serotypes kana serogroups ari muchimiro chawo, zvichideredza:

• Kuburitswa kweSalmonella mutsvina.
• Kutapurirana kuburikidza nezai.
• Kupinda kwenhengo dzemukati.

Zvisinei, dziviriro yavo inogona kusavhara kutenderera kwese kwekugadzirwa, kunyanya muhuku dzinorera mazai marefu, uye Havagone kugara vachichengetedza dziviriro yakanyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu anonetsa kana ane huwandu hwakawanda hweSalmonella. Pamusoro pezvo, ma endotoxin ari mune mamwe mafomura akabatanidzwa nechirwere chechiropa chinobuda ropa kana asina kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa nemazvo.

Mapurogiramu akabatanidzwa muvarimi vezvipfuyo nevanobereka zvirimwa

Shiri dzinogamuchira majekiseni ebhakitiriya zvine mwero, saka dzinowanzo dikanwa mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana emajekiseni ari mhenyu neasina kushanda kugadzira dziviriro yakasimba uye inogara kwenguva refu. Kazhinji:

• Majekiseni mhenyu anonyanya kukurudzira kusadzivirira masero uye kudzivirira panguva yekurera.
• Majekiseni asina kushanda anosimbisa kudzivirirwa kwemuviri kunokonzerwa nehutachiona uye anobatsira kuderedza kubuda kweropa mumuviri uye kutapurirana kweropa kubva kumusoro kusvika kumusoro.
• Zvirongwa zvakajairika zvinosanganisira madosi maviri kusvika matatu ejekiseni mhenyu uye dosi imwe kusvika mbiri dzejekiseni risina simba muvana vanobereka huku nedzinokandira mazai.
• Mabhakitiriya ega ega anobvumira kubatanidzwa ma serotype chaiwo akawanikwa mukuurayiwakubatanidza mushonga wekudzivirira nepfungwa yekubatanidza chirwere ichi.

Kutarisira microbiota: kusabatanidzwa mumakwikwi, ma probiotics uye prebiotics

Kunze kwemishonga yekudzivirira chirwere, rimwe remabasa akasimba kwazvo ekudzora Salmonella nderekuti kukurudzira microbiota yemudumbu yakagadzikana uye inokwikwidzana izvo zvinotadzisa kuumbwa kwebhakitiriya. Pakupedzisira, chinangwa ndechekuti ura "hugare" netupukanana tunobatsira tunokwikwidzana nezvinovaka muviri uye zvinogamuchira zvinonamatira.

Kusabatanidzwa mumakwikwi

Kusabatanidzwa mumakwikwi kunogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza:

• Kugadzirira microflora yemukati meshiri.
• Mapurobiotic chaiwo (musanganiswa wemabhakitiriya anobatsira).
• DFM (tupukanana tunodyiswa zvakananga).

Nhiyo dzichangoburwa dzine njodzi huru nekuti ura hwadzo hahuna utachiona, saka Dosi shoma yeSalmonella inogona kuiswa nyore nyoreKupa zvinhu zvinorambidzwa kubatanidzwa mumaawa ekutanga kana mazuva ekutanga ehupenyu kunobatsira kukurumidza kutora nzvimbo iyoyo, zvichideredza kugona kwebhakitiriya kugara mudzimba.

Hazvisi zvese zvigadzirwa zviri pamusika zvinopa dziviriro yakafanana, saka zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa zvidzidzo zvekuenzanisa uye data remumunda. Kana zvasarudzwa nemazvo, Vanoderedza zvakanyanya kuwanda uye mutoro weSalmonella mu ceca netsvina.

Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) uye mbiriso

Salmonella inonamatira kumasero emudumbu kuburikidza nemaumbirwo chaiwo. Mannan-oligosaccharides makabhohaidhiretsi anokwanisa inokanganisa kubatana kwebhakitiriya ne epitheliuminoshanda se "zvinokwevera" zvinonamirwa nemabhakitiriya uye zvinozobviswa pamwe chete netsvina.

MOS inogona kuwedzerwa kumvura yekudyisa kana yekunwa uye dzinowanzo shandiswa nguva dzose kana panguva dzine njodzi huru. Panguva iyi, mbiriso Saccharomyces boulardii, inopihwa nguva dzose muchikafu, yaratidza kuderedza mutoro weSalmonella mu cecumKushandiswa pamwe chete kweMOS nembiriso kune simba rekubatsirana, zvichideredza kupinda kwemudumbu.

Kushandisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya ne microbiota zvine hungwaru

Munyika idzodzo dzine mitemo inobvumira, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogona kushandiswa nenzira yakanangana uye ine chinangwa chekuyedza kurwarisa kuderedza kana kubvisa huwandu hweSalmonella mumapoka akanaka. Zvisinei, sarudzo iyi inofanira kuitwa nokungwarira kukuru, ichiongorora njodzi yekusagona kurwisa chirwere ichi uye nguva dzose ichinyorerwa nachiremba wemhuka.

Imwe nzira inogona kushandiswa ndeyekushandisa mushonga wemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya mumvura kwemazuva manomwe uye mushure mezvo muchapa chigadzirwa chinokwikwidza chinobvisa Maawa 48-72 mushure mekupera kwekurapwa. Chinangwa ndechekukurumidzisa kugadzirisa ura ne microbiota inobatsira, kudzivirira kuti husave "husina kupfeka" uye huve nyore kubatwa neSalmonella kana zvimwe zvirwere.

Kana microbiota ikasagadziriswa mushure mekurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, Shiri dzinonyanya kuda kudzoserwa mumakoloniSaka, chero kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kunofanirwa kuperekedzwa nenzira yakajeka yekudzoreredza maruva emudumbu.

Kutsanya usati waurayiwa, kushushikana, uye zvimwe zvirwere zvemudumbu

Kutsanya usati wabayira chibayiro itsika inokosha, asi kana ikasabatwa zvakanaka inogona kuwedzera mutoro weSalmonella muzvirimwa nemudumbuKutsanya zvakanyanya kunoderedza kuramba kwemudumbu, kunowedzera pH, uye kunokurudzira kuruma, zvichiwedzera njodzi yekumedzwa nemabhakitiriya.

Kutsanya kwemaawa angangoita masere kunoonekwa sechibvumirano chakanaka pakati pekuderedza zviri muura uye kusakanganisa kusimba kwemucosal. Mvura yekunwa ine acid ine 0,5% lactic acid (kana mamwe ma organic acids) mukati memaawa makumi manomwe nemaviri isati yatumirwa kunourayiwa yakaratidza. kuderedza huwandu hweSalmonella muzvirimwa, zvichibatsira kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhuka munzvimbo yekuurayira.

Uyezve, kukuvara kwemudumbu kunokonzerwa nezvimwe zvirwere zvakaita se coccidiosis, necrotic enteritis kana mycotoxicosis (aflatoxins, T-2 toxin, nezvimwewo) zvinoita kuti mabhakitiriya afambe zvakanaka mudumbu (ona zvirwere zveshiri). Kushushikana nekupisa, kushaya mvura kana chikafu, uye mamiriro ezvinhu akawandisa Zvinowedzerawo mukana wekupinda muropa uye kubuda kweSalmonella.

Kudzora zvirwere izvi, kuona kuti kupisa kwakanaka, uye kuderedza kushushikana mukati menguva yekugadzira zvese chikamu che equation imwe chete: kuchengetedza ura huchishanda uye microbiota yakagadzikana kudzivirira kutanga kwechirwere.

Nzira yepasi rose yekudzivirira nekudzora

Ruzivo rwemumunda uye mapurogiramu ekudzora ehurumende anobvumirana kuti kurwisa Salmonella kunofanira kutariswa senzira yekudzivirira chirwere ichi. hurongwa hwakakwana uye huri kuenderera mberikwete sematanho akasiyana-siyana. Mamwe mapoinzi makuru ndeaya:

• Iva nechokwadi chekuti shiri dzinopinda kubva mumapoka asina Salmonella.
• Nyatsoteererai vana vasati vasvitsa vhiki imwe chete, sezvo vari ivo vanonyanya kubatwa nechirwere ichi.
• Shandisai zvirongwa zvekudzivirira (zviri mhenyu uye zvisina kushanda), kunyanya mukubereka nekukandira huku.
• Shandisai mitemo yakasimba yekuchengetedza zvipenyu, kuchenesa, kubvisa utachiona, uye kudzora zvipembenene nemakonzo.
• Chengetedza mvura, chikafu, uye magumbeze nemazvo, zvichideredza mikana yekuti Salmonella irarame uye ibereke.
• Shandisa maturusi ekutarisira microbiota (kubvisa makwikwi, maprobiotic, prebiotics) zvine hungwaru.
• Kuderedza kushushikana uye kudzivirira zvimwe zvirwere zvemudumbu zvinoderedza simba remucosal barrier.
• Sanganisa, pane kutsiva, matanho akasiyana aripo, kubva Kubatana kwezvishandiso ndiko kunoita kuti pave nemusiyano.

Kana paine kushanda pamwe chete maererano nehutachiona hwehutachiona, kubaya majekiseni, kuchengetedza zvipenyu, kutarisirwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kudzora cheni yechikafu nemvura, salmonellosis haichavi njodzi inogara iripo uye inova njodzi inodzorwa, ichichengetedza Mapurazi ane hutano, zvigadzirwa zvakachengeteka, uye kushandiswa zvishoma kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kuitira kubatsira hutano hwemhuka nevanhu pamwe nebhizinesi rehuku pacharo.