Pfungwa yekugara wakavigwa uri mupenyu, wakavharirwa pasi pevhu, kana kuonekwa sewakafa uchiri mupenyu inopfuura nemunhoroondo yedu seshinda nhema inosanganisa chitendero, sainzi, mashura, uye kuda kuziva kunotyisa. Kubva kuvatsvene vakadanwa kuti vatsvene vakamuka mumabhokisi avo kusvika kune vatambi vanopedza mazana emazuva vari vega mumapako , kutya kuvigwa nguva isati yakwana uye kuyedza kwakanyanyisa pasi pevhu kuchiripo, kunyangwe tichifunga kuti chinhu chekare.
Panguva iyi, kufungidzira kwakakurumbira kwave kugadzira ngano dzemumaguta, nyaya dzinotyisa, uye mapasita anotyisa anoshandisa kutya uku: matuneru akatukwa, midzimu inoonekwa mumigwagwa mikuru, masayendisiti anopenga anonyima vanhu vanovata, uye vanhu vanoonekwa mumhute. Kuwedzera pane izvi kune zviitiko zvechokwadi zvekupona kwakanyanya mumasango, makomo, nemarenje, uko muganhu pakati pehupenyu nerufu unova mutete. Chinyorwa chino chinosanganisa misoro iyi yese kuratidza kuti pfungwa yekubatwa, uri wega, uye usina kutiza inotishamisa sei—uye inotityisa—uye inotityisa.
Vakavigwa vari vapenyu: catalepsy, vatsvene vakagumbuka uye kutya kwakaipisisa pasi rose
Kare kare tisati tataura nezvemishonga yemazuva ano, kwaitova nekutya kufa uye kuvigwa muchimiro che "cataleptic state" . Chimwe chezviitiko zvinonyanya kushamisa ndechemumongi weAugustinian Thomas à Kempis , ane mukurumbira nebasa rake rezvemweya rinonzi 'The Imitation of Christ,' bhuku iro kwemazana emakore raive pakati pemabhuku anonyanya kuverengwa muchiKristu mushure meBhaibheri. Chisingambotaurwi nezvacho ndechekuti zvakaitika mushure mekufa kwake muna 1491.
Achionekwa semutsvene chaiye muhupenyu hwake, Bhishopi weCologne, Maximilian Hendriken, akakurudzira kugadzwa kwake semutsvene. Asi pavakaenda kunofukunura mutumbi wake kuti vautamise kubva kuAgnettenberg monastery kuenda kuChechi yaSt. Michael muZwolle, vakasangana nechiitiko chinotyisa: bhokisi rakanga rakazara nemavanga mukati . Zvese zvairatidza kuti Kempis akanga avigwa muchimiro checataleptic, akamuka atove muguva, uye achikwenya huni pasina aimunzwa.
Izvi zvakaita kuti maitiro ekutsveneswa amire zvakanyanya. Anonzi "mutsigiri wadhiyabhorosi" - munhu akapihwa basa rekutsvaga mhosva mumaitiro ekutsveneswa - akataura kuti zvaisakwanisika kuziva zvaifungwa naKempis kana zvakataurwa munguva idzodzo dzairwadza mubhokisi; pamwe, mukuora mwoyo kwake, akatuka kana kuramba kutenda kwake . Mutori wenhau José de Cora anorondedzera nyaya iyi mubhuku rake rinonzi 'They Buried Me Alive,' kwaanoongorora nyaya dzakawanda dzenhoroondo dzecatalepsy.
De Cora anoti kuvigwa uri mupenyu "rufu rwakaipisisa pasi rose, kutya kunotyisa zvikuru ." Mushure mekuongorora mabhuku, zvinyorwa, nemapepanhau kubva panguva dzakasiyana, anogumisa kuti dambudziko iri harina kupera zvachose: hariwanzoitiki mazuva ano nekuti vanhu vazhinji vanofira muzvipatara, uko kunoongororwa zvakawanda, asi nyaya dzerufu dzichiri kunyorwa.
Pakati penyaya dzemazuva ano pane Marina LF, mugari weLugo uye mubatsiri wevanochengeta varwere paXeral Hospital yekare. Muna 1964, mushure mekuvhiyiwa tonillectomy pasi peanesthesia yemunzvimbo, aifamba achienda kukamuri rake paakarasikirwa nepfungwa. Vanachiremba vakamhanyira kwaari, asi havana kuwana zviratidzo zvehupenyu uye vakati afa. Sezvo mhuri yake yakatanga kumuchema, mumwe waaishanda naye, achiita seasina pfungwa, akamubaya neniquetamide , mushonga wekufema. Zvishoma nezvishoma, Marina akamuka, achinzwa kuchema kwemunhu akafa, asingazive kuti vaitaura nezvake. Sezvinotsanangurwa naDe Cora, haana "kumuka" kuupenyu: haana kumbobvira afa, asi akangoerekana afa.
Havasi vese vane rombo rakanaka kudaro. Bhuku iri rinotaurawo nezvenyaya yemumiriri weSpain Manuel García Miranda y Rivas , muzukuru wezvematongerwo enyika uye nyanzvi Natalio Rivas. Akapinda muHM University Hospital muMadrid muna 2004. Mudzimai wake akafonera shamwari yake achimuudza kuti akanga achangofa. Asi shamwari yake payakasvika kuchipatara, akamuwana akagara pamubhedha . García Miranda akavaudza kuti, "Ndafa, hongu, asi vandipa vhiki yekugadzirisa nyaya ." Mazuva mashoma gare gare, akafa, achisiya tsamba yaakatsanangura kuti akanga ari munzvimbo ye "chiedza, rugare, nerudo," rwendo "runobva vanhu vashomanana," chiitiko chakafanana nekumuka kwevakafa kwekufananidzira.
Nhoroondo inonyorawo zviitiko zvakakurumbira zverufu rwakaita serwaSaint Teresa weÁvila , uyo De Cora pachake anotsanangura se "munhu ane mukurumbira wecataleptic." Muna 1539, paaiva kuMonastery of the Incarnation, akafungidzirwa kuti akafa, uye guva rake rakavhurwa, richimirira kuvigwa. Mushure memazuva akati wandei, baba vake vakamumbundira vachichema ... uye Teresa akadzoka mupfungwa . Gare gare, airondedzera kuti akamuka aneta, rurimi rwake rwakanga rwakaoma nekuruma zvakanyanya, huro yake yakavharwa nekuti hapana chakaitika kwemazuva, uye asina simba zvakanyanya.
Kuti vadzivise zvikanganiso, manomano ekare aishandiswa panguva iyoyo: kubata murazvo pamhino kuti vaone kana waifamba nekufema, kana kuisa girazi kana jira resimbi pamusoro pemiromo vachitarisira kuti waizopfava. Nekufamba kwenguva, vanachiremba vakaedza nzira dzakanyatsojeka. Chiremba wekuSpain Antonio Lecha-Marzo akakurudzira bvunzo yakavakirwa pa "ophthalmoreaction": kuisa bepa rebhuruu re litmus muziso remutumbi waifungidzirwa pakati pehafu yeawa nemaawa gumi nemashanu mushure mekufa kwaifungidzirwa. Kana munhu wacho achiri mupenyu, acidity yemisodzi yaizoita bepa dzvuku , zvichiratidza kuti rufu rwacho rwaive rwechokwadi. Iyi nzira yakatoshandiswa panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga.
Kunze kwezviitiko zvechokwadi, kutya chirwere checatalepsy kwakakurudzira mabasa akawanda engano. Sekureva kwaDe Cora, vhezheni yekutanga yenyaya ye "Sleeping Beauty" yaive yakaipa zvikuru kupfuura firimu reDisney uye yakavakirwa pachikamu cherufu rwairatidzika serufu. Munyori anoyeukawo kukanganiswa kwakaitwa firimu raRoger Corman rinonzi "Obsession," rakatorwa kubva munyaya yaEdgar Allan Poe pamusoro pechirwere checataleptic chakavigwa chiri mupenyu, paari achiri kuyaruka, zvichimutorera hope husiku hwese.
Mune vamwe vanorwara nepfungwa dzakapinza, pavanomuka, hapana ndangariro inosara; mune vamwe, zvisinei, vanonzwa uye vanoona zvese apo gadziriro dzekuvigwa kwavo dzichiitwa vakavapoteredza, asi havakwanise kufambisa tsandanyama imwe chete. Vamwe vanotambura nechiitiko chimwe chete muhupenyu hwavo, vamwe kakawanda, uye vamwe vanopedza nguva yakareba vari mumamiriro ezvinhu ekurara zvishoma , sekunge vari "kurara kwenguva refu." De Cora anotofungidzira kuti inogona kunge iri tsandanyama yekare yekudzivirira kwevanhu kubva kuchando chakanyanya.
Munyika ino munowanikwawo chinonzi kuzvidira catalepsy , inoitwa nevamwe mayogi nemafakir muIndia, avo vakakwanisa kukonzera rufu uye vakaramba vakavigwa pasi pevhu kwemavhiki, nemidziyo yavo yese yemuviri yakavharwa. Masoja eBritain anonzi aibheja kuti vaizogara kwenguva yakareba sei, uye tsika dzinoti vagari vemo vaigara vachikunda. Iyi ingave imwe yemamiriro mashoma apo mumwe munhu anozviviga ari mupenyu nemaune , nehurongwa hwe "kumuka" hwakagadzirwa zvakanaka.
Kuedza kwakanyanya pasi pevhu: kugara mumapako kwemwedzi yakati wandei
Kunze kwe catalepsy, chishuwo chekuongorora miganhu yemuviri neyepfungwa yekuvapo kwevanhu chakaita kuti vamwe vagare pasi pevhu kwenguva yakareba vachizvidira. Muenzaniso wechangobva kuitika ndewemutambi wepamusoro Beatriz Flamini , uyo akapedza mazuva mazana mashanu ari ega mubako muMotril aine chinangwa zviviri: kuputsa rekodhi yepasi rose uye kushanda semusoro wekuyedza kwesainzi pamusoro pehupenyu hwepasi pevhu uye kuzviparadzanisa zvakanyanya.
Kumashure kwechirongwa ichi kwaive nesangano revanoongorora speleologies nechikwata cheDhipatimendi rePsychology reYunivhesiti yeGranada , avo vakaedza Flamini nguva nenguva kuti vaongorore mamiriro ake epfungwa vari kure. Beatriz pachake, uyo aigara mumotokari uye akagadzirira zvine hungwaru, akabhadhara chikamu chakakura cherwendo . Basa rake richaguma nekudzidza kunovavarira kuyera simba remuviri nepfungwa rekugara pasi pevhu kwenguva yakareba, pasina chiedza chechisikigo kana chero pfungwa yekufamba kwenguva.
Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Lara Ferreiro anonyevera kuti matambudziko akadai haasi ekutamba nawo. Anotsanangura kuti ongororo yapfuura yezvakaitika zvakafanana inoratidza kuti, mushure mekuyedzwa kwakanyanya uku, chikamu chikuru chevatori vechikamu vakafa nguva isati yakwana kana kuzviuraya , zvichideredza hupenyu hwavo nemakore angangoita makumi maviri. Nemamwe mashoko, kukuvara kwepfungwa kunogona kuramba kuchizviratidza kwenguva refu mushure mekuonekwa kwekutanga.
Pakati penjodzi dzinonyanya kutaurwa nezvadzo dzinosanganisira kuona zvinhu zvisipo uye zviitiko zvepfungwa . Kubva pamwedzi wechitatu zvichienda mberi, mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ekuparadzaniswa, pasina mafambiro akajeka ecircadian kana kutaurirana chaiko, uropi hunogona kutanga kurasikirwa nepfungwa dzahwo: kufungidzira kunoonekwa, munhu anorasikirwa nenguva , uye kugara ari ega kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kwezvimiro zvakaita sehippocampus, zvakakosha pakurangarira nekucherechedza. Kazhinji, shanduko idzi dzinogona kusadzoreka.
Uyezve, kuzviparadzanisa kwenguva refu kunowedzera njodzi yekuora mwoyo kwakanyanya uye zvimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa. Zviratidzo zvakawanda zvinokura zvishoma nezvishoma, pakati pemwedzi mitanhatu negore mushure mechiitiko ichi, apo avo vakavapoteredza vanotenda kuti "zvese zvapera." Muviri unochinja, asi pfungwa dzinogona kuva nemavanga ekusingaperi, zvichiratidza kuti kurarama kwakavigwa mubako nenzira yekufananidzira hakusi kungofanana chete, asi kuyedza kune migumisiro yakakomba.
Ngano dzinotyisa uye ngano dzemumaguta pamusoro pemashiripiti nepasi pevhu
Kufarira zviri pasi pevhu kana murima hakungogumiri pazviitiko chaizvo chete. Ngano dzemumaguta nenyaya dzemidzimu dzave dzichidzokorora kutya kumwe chete kwemakumi emakore: kunyangarika kusingatsananguriki, kufona kunobva "mukati memba," makomba ane nhamo, kana kuyedza kwakavanzika nehurumende dzisina hunhu. Nyaya zhinji idzi dzinoratidzwa se "dzakavakirwa pazviitiko zvechokwadi," kunyangwe nekufamba kwenguva dzinova nyaya dzakakanganiswa uye dzakawedzeredzwa dzinopfuudzwa kubva pamuromo kuenda pamuromo... kana kutumira paTwitter kuenda paTwitter.
Ngano idzi dzemazuva ano dzinowanzo tora mashura uye kuda kuziva zvinhu zvisina kunaka , uye dzinenge nguva dzose dzinovanza tsika dzakavanzika: kana ukaita izvi, izvi zvichaitika kwauri; kana usingaremekedze mutemo wakati, uchatambura nemigumisiro yacho. Dzimwe dzinotangira pazviitiko chaizvo zvinowedzeredzwa kusvika pakuita zvinhu zvisina musoro, dzimwe inhema dzakakwana dzinotamba nekutya kwedu kukuru: kusurukirwa, husiku, kurasikirwa nekutonga, zvisingazivikanwi.
Imwe yemitambo yekare ndeyemutyairi wemota dzemumugwagwa wepachivande . Shanduro yakajairika inotaura nezvemutyairi achitora musikana achifambisa mota mumugwagwa wekumashure. Anogara pachigaro chekumashure uye, pavanosvika pakona ine njodzi huru, anomunyevera nezvenjodzi. Mushure mekupfuura kona, mutyairi anoona kuti mufambi anyangarika asina kana chiratidzo . Akazowana kuti musikana wechidiki akafa mutsaona panzvimbo iyoyo makore apfuura. Mune dzimwe nzira, musikana haana kumunyevera, uye mota yacho yakapinda mutsaona inouraya iyo munhu mumwe chete ndiye akapona kuti ataure nyaya yacho.
Zvakafanana zvikuru nengano yeMukadzi ari muChena , inowanikwa munzvimbo zhinji dzepasi rose. Anowanzova mukadzi akapfeka gown reruvara rwakajeka, rine chekuita nenjodzi yemuno: kufa kwemwana, kutengeswa kwerudo, kuponda. Mweya wake unodzungaira achitsvaga kutsiva kana kuchengetedza pfuma yakavanzwa , zvichienderana nengano dzedunhu rega rega. MuMadrid, semuenzaniso, kune nyaya yeMukadzi Muchena anofamba pamusoro pematenga eImba yeMachimneys Manomwe , anozivikanwa naElena, tenzikadzi waPhilip II, akafa mumamiriro ezvinhu asinganzwisisike.
Japan ine nyaya dzinotyisa. Kiyotaki Tunnel , iri munzvimbo yeArashiyama, inozivikanwa netsaona dzakawanda dzemumugwagwa dzakakonzerwa nemweya wemidzimu, kusanganisira mukadzi akapfeka zvichena. Zvinonzi nzira yepasi pevhu yakavakwa mumamiriro ekushanda anotyisa zvekuti vashandi vazhinji vakafira ipapo , mweya yavo ichiri kufungidzirwa kuti yaitambudza nzvimbo iyi. Pamusoro pezvose, nzira iyi yakareba mamita 444, uye nhamba yechina inobatanidzwa nerombo rakaipa mutsika dzechiJapan.
Kubva munyika imwe chete iyoyo kunobvawo mufananidzo waRokurokubi , munhu anoratidzika kunge akajairwa masikati, asi ane mutsipa wakarebesa husiku, zvichimubvumira kusora kana kurwisa vanhu. Dzimwe mhando dzinongotyisa, nepo dzimwe dzichivadya. Aya mayokai anosangana zvakanaka munharaunda, nemabasa, mhuri, neshamwari, uye anogona kutofungidzirwa kuti ndeevanhu . Anonzi anozivikanwa nemavara madiki machena pamitsipa yawo.
Pane imwe nyaya inotyisa ndeye ngano yaTeke Teke , mukadzi asina makumbo anodhonza muviri wake wepamusoro kuburikidza nezviteshi zvechitima, achitsvaga makumbo aakarasikirwa nawo mushure mekurohwa nechitima achiedza kutiza varwisi. Zita rake rinotevedzera ruzha rwekufamba kwake. Vanoti chero ani zvake anomuona anozopedzisira ava munhu anotevera kumuuraya.
Imwe nyaya inozivikanwa pasi rose ndeye "kufona kubva mumba ." Muchengeti wemwana ari ega achitarisa vana vakarara paanotanga kugamuchira mafoni ekutyisidzira. Anofonera mapurisa, vanotsvaga foni ... uye vanoona kuti mutsetse wacho unobva mumba imwe chete . Panguva iyo muchengeti wemwana anokwira kumusoro kunotarisa vana, zvave kunonoka. Mune dzimwe shanduro, mukadzi anenge anyanya kurwara zvekuti anozopedzisira aisa mwana mu microwave, shanduko ine tsika yakajeka: chenjerera avo vanochengeta vana vako uye zvinodhaka.
Munyika ine zvinotyisa zvikuru, tinowana ngano ye "murume wehoko ." Vaviri vanomira panzvimbo yakavanda kuti vataure zviri padyo; nhau dzinobuda paredhiyo dzekuti mhondi ine hoko yeruoko yakatiza kubva kuchipatara chiri pedyo. Mukadzi wacho anoda kuenda, iye anoderedza njodzi yacho. Pakupedzisira vanodzokera kumba uye, pavanobuda mumotokari, vanoona hoko ine ropa yakarovererwa pamusuwo . Mumitauro yakawanda, mumwe wavo kana vese vanofa; mune dzimwe, vanopukunyuka nepaburi retsono. Shoko iri rakare kare: "Usaende kunzvimbo dzine rima kunoita zvinhu zvisingatenderwe nevabereki vako."
Kunewo nyaya dzezviratidzo zvisinganzwisisike, semubhawa wepachivande : mumwe munhu anoenda kuguta, otaura uye anonwa husiku hwese nemubhawa wepachivande, uye paanodzoka zuva rinotevera, anoudzwa kuti nzvimbo yacho yakanga yavharwa kwenguva yakati uye kuti mubhawa anofungidzirwa kuti ndiye akafa mwedzi yapfuura . Kana nyaya ye "muvakidzani" akashungurudzwa uyo anokumbira pekugara husiku hwakawanda hwakatevedzana kusvika, paanoshuma murume wake, munhu mukuru anowana kukamba yemapurisa kuti mukadzi uyu akapondwa gore rapfuura.
Rondedzero yacho inoenderera mberi nemashoko ekutyisidzira, kubiwa kwenhengo dzemuviri mumakamuri ekuisa zvinhu muzvitoro, mahamburger akagadzirwa nehonye, zvifananidzo zveyunivhesiti zvinoonekwa husiku, kana ngano yakakurumbira yaSlender Man , chisikwa chirefu, chakakodzera, chisina chiso chinoba vana uye chakazvarwa mumakwikwi ePhotoshop, asi chakazopedzisira chava chiratidzo chezvinotyisa pa internet.
Kuedza kwakanyanya uye mapasita anotyisa: kubva kuSoviet laboratory kusvika kuhope dzakagovaniswa
Mukati menyaya yenjodzi, mune mhando yenyaya inoburitswa senge mishumo yesainzi yakaburitswa , ichisanganisa mazwi ehunyanzvi nehutsinye husina hunhu. Muenzaniso wakakwana inyaya ye "kuyedza kwekurara kweRussia ," pasta inokatyamadza inozivikanwa zvikuru. Yakaitika kuma40, apo masayendisiti eSoviet anonzi akavharira vasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika vashanu muimba isina mhepo, vachivapa gasi rekuyedza kuti varambe vakamuka kwemazuva.
Mumazuva mashoma ekutanga, vasungwa vanotaura vasingatauri, vachirondedzera nyaya dzehupenyu hwavo. Kubva pazuva rechitanhatu zvichienda mberi, runyararo runova rusina kugadzikana; kungonzwa kugunun'una chete. Masayendisiti paanovhura musuwo mushure memazuva gumi, vanowana chiitiko chinotyisa: vasungwa vazvicheka -cheka uye vari kudya nyama yavo . Masoja anodanwa kuti avakunde, asi vasungwa vanoratidza simba rinopfuura revanhu, vachiuraya varwi vakawanda uye vachikumbira kuti gasi ridzoserwe kuti vasarara. Pavakabvunzwa kuti ndivanaani, mumwe anopindura kuti: “Tiri imi. Tisu vanopenga vamunovanza pamunorara.” Kunyangwe iri ngano, yakanzwika zvakanyanya nekuti inoshandisa kutya kuedza kwakavanzika uye rima repfungwa dzemunhu.
Imwe nyaya inoshungurudza ndeye "murume anorota ." Sekureva kwengano, muna 2006 chiremba wepfungwa wekuNew York akadhirowa chiso chemurume akatsanangurwa nemurwere semunhu aigara achirota. Nguva pfupi yadarika, varwere vakawanda vakatanga kutaura nezvemurume ane hunhu hwakafanana: bvudzi rakareba, tsiye dzakakora, uye miromo mitete . Chiremba wepfungwa akatumira mufananidzo wacho kune vamwe vashandi pasi rese, uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti, mazana, ipapo zviuru, zvevanhu vakati vakarota nezvemurume mumwe chete. Webhusaiti yakatogadzirwa kuti inyore nyaya idzi. Pfungwa yemunhu anopinda muhope dzemunhu wese inobatana nevanhu vanotyisa vakaita saFreddy Krueger uye inotarisa pakufunga kuti hatina kuchengetedzeka mupfungwa dzedu.
Kupona kwakanyanya: pedyo nerufu nekuvharirwa
Kunze kwengano nengano, kune nyaya dzechokwadi dzinoratidza zvine hutsinye izvo vanhu vanogona kutsungirira. BBC yakashuma nyaya dzinoverengeka dzekupona kwakanyanya , dzimwe dzacho dzinosanganisira vanhu vakavharirwa munzvimbo dzine hutsinye dzakadai semapako, mipata, kana makomo akafukidzwa nesinou.
Mumwe wavo ndiDavid LaVau , muAmerica ane makore 67 okuberekwa akawira mumupata une mamita 60 musango renyika pedyo neLos Angeles achiedza kunzvenga imwe mota. Atyoka mapfupa uye pfudzi rakatyoka, akapedza mazuva matanhatu akarasika, achirarama nezvipembenene, mashizha, nemvura kubva munzizi . Mhuri yake yakamuwana, ichitevera zviratidzo zvakaita sekushandiswa kwekadhi rake rechikwereti munguva pfupi yapfuura.
Nyaya yaJuliane Koepcke , musikana ane makore 17 okuberekwa, uyo muna 1971 aifamba nendege naamai vake pamusoro pemvura yeAmazon muPeru. Mheni yakarova ndege, fuselage yakanyangarika pakati pekubhururuka, uye Juliane akadonha, achiri akasungirirwa pachigaro chake, kubva pakakwirira kwemakiromita anopfuura maviri. Ndiye ega akapona pavanhu 92 vakafamba . Akafamba kwemazuva gumi musango, maronda ake akazara nehonye, achitevera nzizi dzakazara nemakarwe, kusvika awana imba iri pedyo nerwizi uko vamwe vacheri vemiti vakamununura.
Imwe nyaya yakanyanya kuipa ndeyechikwata cherugby cheUruguay chinonzi Old Christians , chine ndege yakadonha muna 1972 mumakomo eAndes. Vanhu gumi nevaviri pavanhu 45 vaiva mundege vakafa mutsaona iyi; vamwe vakafa nekukuvara, dzihwa, kana nzara, uye vamwe vasere vakafa mudutu remvura. Vari vega panzvimbo yakakwirira kwemazuva 72, vakadya nyama yemushakabvu kuti vapone. Gumi nevatanhatu vakaponeswa nekuda kwevaviri vavo vakafamba rwendo rwemazuva gumi vachiyambuka makomo vachinotsvaga rubatsiro.
Gomo iri rakapotsa ratorawo Joe Simpson, mukwiri wemakomo wekuBritain . Muna 1985, aikwira Siula Grande muPeru naSimon Yates. Simpson akatyoka gumbo rake, uye mumwe wake akaedza kumudzikisa netambo, asi nekuda kwekukanganisa, akamusiya akarembera mudenga, asingakwanise kumusimudza. Achitya kuti vaizofa vese, Yates akacheka tambo . Simpson akawira pamadziro echando ndokuzoguma ava mugomba. Asina mvura kana chikafu, gumbo rake rakatyoka uye richineta, akakambaira kwemazuva matatu nehafu achiyambuka chando, matombo, nesinou kusvika asvika kumusasa wepasi. Dambudziko rake rakafuridzira bhuku nefirimu rinonzi 'Touching the Void'.
Muna 2003, muAmerican Aron Ralston aifamba netsoka mugomo reUtah riri kure apo dombo rakatyoka ndokubata ruoko rwake pamadziro. Mushure memazuva mashanu asingakwanise kuzvisunungura uye mvura yapera, akasarudza mhinduro yakanyanya kuoma: nebanga diki, akatyora mapfupa eruoko rwake ndokurucheka iye pachake paruoko. Akabva adzika mugomo kusvika asangana nevamwe vaifamba netsoka. Nyaya yake yakazogadziriswa mufirimu rekuti '127 Hours'.
Zvakafanana zvakaitikawo kune mucheri wemuAustralia Colin Jones gore iroro , akavharirwa pasi pevhu kwemakiromita anopfuura maviri apo tarakita yake yakadonha mumugodhi wemarasha, ichipwanya ruoko rwake padombo. Achitya kuti motokari yacho yaizoputika mapoka ekununura asati asvika, akakumbira mumwe waanoshanda naye kuti aigure; mumwe wake paakaramba, akazviitira nebanga rine banga pfupi.
Vamwe vakapona zvakanyanya vaifanira kutsungirira kusurukirwa nechando. Daryl Jane , muna 2006, akavharirwa muJeep yake muchando pedyo neMount Adams (Washington). Akagovera mvura, makeke emupunga, nemabhanana, uye mvura yake payakapera, akanwa kubva mumadziva. Mushure memavhiki angangoita maviri, akanga atove kunyora tsamba dzekuonekana paakaonekwa aine zviratidzo zvekupisa muviri, asi asina chando chakanyanya.
MuGulf of Mexico muna 2009, varume vana—kusanganisira vatambi vaviri venhabvu vekuAmerica—vakawira mugungwa apo chikepe chavo chakanyura makiromita anopfuura 120 kubva kumahombekombe. Vakabatirira pagomba rakaita serakadzungaira kwemaawa, asi gungwa rakaramba richiipa, nemafungu achisvika mamita anopfuura mana. Zvishoma nezvishoma, vakatanga kuona zvisizvo uye kukundwa nehypothermia . Mumwe chete, Nick Schuyler, ndiye akakwanisa kurarama.
Gore rimwe chete iroro, Jamie Neale wekuBritain ane makore 19 okuberekwa akarasika kwemazuva gumi nemaviri muBlue Mountains muAustralia. Akavhiringidzika mushure mekutsauka munzira ndokurarama nekuzviputira mumakwati emuti uye achitsungirira asina kana chikafu . Pakupedzisira akawanikwa nemasoja maviri akanzwa kuchema kwake achikumbira rubatsiro.
Muna 2011, Amos Wayne Richards ane makore 64 okuberekwa akakuvara zvakanyanya paakadonha achifamba ari ega mugwenga reUtah: akatyoka gumbo ndokutyoka fudzi rake. Mushure mekudzosera fudzi rake panzvimbo yaro nepaaigona napo, akatanga kukambaira zvishoma nezvishoma akananga kumotokari yake, achiunganidza mvura yemvura mubhodhoro. Mushure memazuva mana uye makiromita angangoita mashanu ekufambira mberi kwakaoma, vanunuri vaiva muherikoputa vakamuwana.
Gore rimwe chete iroro muJapan, Sumi Abe nemuzukuru wake Jin vakavharirwa pasi pematongo emba yavo mushure metsunami yakaipisisa yaKurume 11 muIshinomaki. Kwemazuva mapfumbamwe vakararama nekudya yogati nezvimwe zvimedu zvemufiriji kusvika Jin akwanisa kuzvisunungura kubva mumatongo uye vese vakanunurwa vaine zviratidzo zvekupisa muviri, asi vari vapenyu.
Chakavanzika cheDyatlov Pass: chando, mhepo uye "simba risingadzivisiki"
Pakati pezvakavanzika zvikuru zvine chekuita nezvisikwa zvakanyanyisa, chiitiko cheDyatlov Pass chinoonekwa pachena , chakaitika muna 1959 muRussian Urals. Majaya mapfumbamwe, vazhinji vavo vadzidzi veUral Polytechnic Institute nevaya vane hunyanzvi hwekuskiya, vakatanga rwendo rwechando rwemazuva gumi nemana kuenda kugomo reGora Otorten . Tembiricha yaigona kudzika pasi pe -30°C, uye nzira yacho yakaverengerwa seyakanyanya kuoma. Mumwe wavo, Yuri Yudin, akasarudza kudzokera shure mushure mechikamu chekutanga nekuda kwematambudziko ehutano, asingazivi kuti ndiye ega aizorarama kuti ataure nyaya yacho.
Zuva raitarisirwa kudzoka parakasvika uye boka racho rikakundikana kuoneka mumusha weVizhay , basa rekutsvaga rakatanga. Mwedzi wakatevera, musi wa26 Kukadzi, tende rakawanikwa pagomo rinonzi Kholat Syakhl , "Gomo reRufu" mumutauro wemuno, anenge makiromita makumi maviri kumaodzanyemba kwekwavakatanga kuenda. Tende rakanga rakuvara uye raiita serakabviswa mukati . Kumusoro, pasi pemuti wekare weSiberian cedar, mitumbi miviri isina kupfeka yakawanikwa, yakapfeka zvipfeko zvemukati nemasokisi chete. Pakati pemuti netende, mitumbi mitatu yakawanikwa, kusanganisira yemutungamiriri, Igor Dyatlov, uyo angangodaro akafa nehypothermia paaiedza kudzokera kumusasa.
Mwedzi miviri gare gare, apo sinou yakanyunguduka mumupata uri pedyo, mitumbi mina yakasara yakawanikwa . Vakawanda vakakuvara zvakanyanya: kutyoka kukuru kwemusoro nechipfuva, asi pasina maronda ekunze akaenzana. Vakuru veSoviet vakaongorora nyaya iyi kwemwedzi mitatu ndokuvhara faira, vachiti kufa kwacho kwakakonzerwa ne "simba rechisikigo risingadzivisiki ," vasina kupa tsananguro yakajeka. Kubva ipapo, chiitiko ichi chakagadzira mhando dzakasiyana dzedzidziso: kubva pakurwiswa kweYeti kana kuyedzwa kwezvombo zvakavanzika kusvika kukubatanidzwa kweUFO kana KGB.
Muna 2019, Hofisi yeMuchuchisi weRussia yakavhurazve nyaya iyi uye yakatsigira fungidziro yekuti mafashamo egungwa ndiwo angangodaro aikonzera dambudziko iri, asi vaongorori vazhinji neruzhinji vakaramba vasina chokwadi. Sei? Nekuti timu yekununura haina kuona zviratidzo zvakajeka zvemafashamo, mawere acho aive neavhareji yekona iri pasi pe30º - muganho wezviitiko izvi - uye kukuvara kwezvimwe zvitunha hakuna kukodzera zvakanaka kune zvinowanzoonekwa muvanhu vakabatwa nemafashamo. Uyezve, dai mafashamo acho akaitika, zvingadai zvakaitika maawa akati wandei mushure mekunge vakwiri vacheka mawere kuti vamise tende ravo, pasina kana sinou yadonha nguva pfupi yadarika kana kuti chinhu chakakonzera chando.
Kuwedzera kune iyi puzzle muna 2019 kwaive kufarira kwemasayendisiti akaita saJohan Gaume , director weSnow and Avalanche Simulation Laboratory (SLAB) kuEPFL, uye geotechnical engineer Alexander Puzrin , wekuETH Zurich. Mushure mekubatwa nemutori wenhau weThe New York Times , Gaume akatanga kuongorora zvinyorwa, data rekukweshana kwechando, uye topography yemuno. Pamwe chete naPuzrin, akagadzira mamodheru ekuongorora nenhamba kuti aedze kutevedzera zvingadai zvakaitika paKholat Syakhl slope.
Basa ravo, rakaburitswa mumagazini yeCommunications Earth & Environment , rinoratidza kuti mafashamo madiki angadai akakonzereswa pagomo iroro rakanyorova, zvichisiya zviratidzo zvishoma zvinoonekwa. Kucheka kwakaitwa nevafambi kuti vamise tende ravo kwaizoderedza simba rechando, uye mamiriro emhepo chaiwo emugungwa—mhepo inotonhora yaiburuka kubva pamusoro pegomo—yaizounganidza chando chakawanda zvishoma nezvishoma pamusoro petende, zvichipfuura maawa akakosha gare gare.
Mamodheru aGaume naPuzrin anoratidza kuti sinou yakakura kudaro inogona kuburitsa simba rakakwana rekuti ikonzere kutsemuka kwemukati kwakafanana nekwakaonekwa mune mimwe mitumbi, pasina chikonzero chekuti pave nedutu guru rakafukidza mawere ese. Sekureva kwefungidziro yavo, boka iri, rakabatwa nedutu usiku, raizobvarura tende ravo kubva mukati kuti ribude nekukurumidza, rakapararira pasi pedutu richinyatsoonekwa uye richitonhora zvakanyanya, uye ipapo, pavakanga vachiedza kuunganazve nekutsvaga pekugara pedyo nemiti, vakakundwa ne hypothermia nekukuvara.
Vanyori vakangwarira uye vanobvuma kuti hatizombofi takaziva zvechokwadi zvakaitika husiku ihwohwo. Asi basa ravo rinopa hwaro hwakasimba hwepfungwa yeavalanche uye, zvinosuwisa, rinovandudza kunzwisisa kwedu rudzi urwu rwechando chinodonha pamawere ari mumakomo—chimwe chinhu chinobatsira zvikuru pakudzivirira njodzi dzemakomo. Kune vazhinji, nyaya yaDyatlov haichave nyaya yedzidziso dzenhema uye yavawo nzvimbo yekuongorora sainzi kuti shanduko diki munzvimbo yakanyanyisa dzinogona sei kukonzera njodzi huru.
Pakati pezviitiko zve cataleptic zvinosvika pakufa, ma fakirs vanozvibvumira kuvigwa, vatambi vanopedza gore rinopfuura mubako, ngano dzematuneru ane ndangariro, uye nzendo dzinopera nematende akabviswa mukati, chiri pasi pezvose chinogara chakafanana: musanganiswa wakasimba wekutya kwekubatwa, kufarira miganhu yemuviri nepfungwa, uye kuda kunzwisisa zvatisinganzwisisi . Ingave pasi pechando, pasi, padombo, kana kuti munyaya inongotaurwa pachiratidziro, tinoramba tichitarisa "pasi pevhu" repfungwa neremuviri neruremekedzo rwakafanana nemadzitateguru edu rwaiona makuva asina kuvharwa zvakanaka.