Art yanga iinesu kubva panguva dziri kure kwazvo dzevanhu uye yanga iri chapupu chinyararire manzwiro edu, mazano, hunhu uye shanduko. Kune mhando dzakawanda dzeunyanzvi sedzave nemhando dzekutaura, uye nemazana emakore akasiyana siyana ehunyanzvi ekuratidzira akabuda: mamwe aine chinangwa cherunako, zvimwe zvine zvinangwa zvinoshanda kana zvekufananidzira. Kubva kune vanozivikanwa Runako hwakanaka kune mafomu matsva edhijitari, imwe neimwe inounza muono wakasiyana wenyika.
Kuongorora mhando dzehunyanzvi kunosanganisira kwete kungodzinyora chete, asiwo kunzwisisa nhoroondo yavo, shanduko, mabasa, uye mabatiro avanoita. Muchinyorwa chino tichanyura mukati iyo inonakidza yepasirese yehunyanzvi, inovhara zvese kubva kuzvidzidzo zvechinyakare kusvika kune zvemazuva ano zvine hunyanzvi. Gadzirira rwendo uko tichaona mataurirwo anoitwa art, kushandura, uye kutibatanidza.
Chii chinonzi art uye chinorongwa sei?
Art chiratidzo chekusika kwevanhu iyo ine chinangwa chekufambisa manzwiro, mazano kana zviitiko kuburikidza nenhau dzakasiyana, ingave yekuona, yekunzwa, yetactile kana kunyange yedhijitari. Icho chishandiso chekukurukurirana chepasirese chiripo mutsika dzese nenguva.
Kurongeka kwemhando dzeunyanzvi hakusi kwepasirese kana kuvharwa, sezvo kuchienderana zvakanyanya netsika, nhoroondo uye tekinoroji mamiriro. Zvakadaro, kune mamwe mapoka anozivikanwa echinyakare anoshandira kuunganidza pamwe maitiro akasiyana ekutaura kwehunyanzvi. Kana iwe uchida kuzama zvakadzama mu musoro wemhando dzeunyanzvi, pano iwe unowana ruzivo rwakadzama.
Iwo nomwe echinyakare Fine Arts
Izwi Runako hwakanaka Yakagadzirwa muEurope mukati mezana ramakore rechi 18, kuratidza dzidziso idzo dzine chinangwa chekugadzira a runako rwakaitirwa kufungisisa. Nokufamba kwenguva, rondedzero yezvidzidzo zvinomwe zvaionekwa sezvinokosha zvakabatanidzwa:
- Kupenda: Inyanzvi yekutora mifananidzo pamativi maviri-dimensional, uchishandisa pigments. Inosanganisira masitayera akadai seyekufananidzira uye abstract, uye inoshandisa matekiniki akadai semafuta kana watercolor.
- Zvivezwa: Inosanganisira kuenzanisa zvinhu zvitatu-dimensional sedombo, huni, bhuronzi kana ivhu kumiririra mafomu evanhu, mhuka kana abstract.
- Mabhuku: Kuratidzwa kwehunyanzvi kuburikidza neshoko rakanyorwa kana remuromo. Inosanganisira mhando dzakadai senhetembo, rondedzero, mitambo uye rondedzero.
- Mumhanzi: Unyanzvi hwekuronga manzwi uye zvinyararire kugadzira kuwirirana uye kutaura kwemanzwiro. Inogona kuva yekubatsira, inzwi kana kusanganiswa.
- Dhanzi: Kutaura kwemuviri kunoshandisa rhythmic kufamba, kazhinji mukuwiriranisa nemimhanzi, senzira yekukurukurirana kwehunyanzvi.
- Architecture: Musanganiswa wekushanda uye aesthetics, iyi art inogadzira uye inovaka nzvimbo dzinogarika dzinowanzowana kukosha kwekufananidzira kana kukuru.
- Movie theatre: Inofungidzirwa yechinomwe Yakanaka Art, inosanganisa kufamba kwechifananidzo, ruzha uye rondedzero. Inyanzvi yekubatanidza iyo inogona kubatanidza mimhanzi, dhizaini dhizaini, kutora mafoto, mabhuku uye kuita.
Visual uye plastiki arts
The visual arts Zvinosanganisira zvese izvo zvidzidzo zvinoonekwa zvakanyanya kuburikidza nekuona. Ivo vangangove vanonyanya kufarirwa, sezvo vachibvumira kutarisisa kwakananga kwechigumisiro cheunyanzvi. Kuronga uku kunosanganisira zvose zvechinyakare maitiro uye mataurirwo emazuva ano.
Zvimwe zviratidzo zvakakosha mukati mechikamu ichi ndezvi:
- Akadhonza: Nzira yekumiririra yakakosha inosanganisira mitsara yekudhirowa parutsigiro senge bepa kana jira. Inowanzova hwaro hwemamwe maitiro.
- Yakarekodwa: Inosanganisira kuveza pamusoro uyezve kuburitsa mifananidzo pabepa. Inosanganisira maitiro akadai sehuni, lithography uye kudhinda kwekrini.
- Mufananidzo: Inyanzvi yekutora mifananidzo kuburikidza nekamera. Kunyangwe pakutanga yaive nebasa rekunyora, nhasi inoonekwa seyakazvimirira aesthetic fomu.
- Kupenda uye kuvezwa: Zvakatotaurwa seFine Arts, iwo chikamu chakakosha chekirasi yekuona arts.
- Vhidhiyo art uye kuita: Mafomu emazuva ano anogona kusanganisira kufamba, ruzha, uye kutora chikamu kwevaoni.
Zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki, kune rumwe rutivi, ndeiya iyo nyanzvi inoshandura nemuviri chinhu kuti chipe chimiro. Izvo zvine hukama hwepedyo nezvinoonekwa, asi kusimbiswa pano kuri pane zvinobatika. Mienzaniso ndeiyi:
- Ceramics: Basa reunyanzvi pavhu kana madhaka kugadzira zvinhu zvekushongedza kana zvinoshanda.
- Cabinetmaking: Kugadzirwa kwefenicha uye zvinhu zvemapuranga nehupamhi hwekushongedza.
- Goldsmithing: Kushandisa simbi dzakakosha kugadzira zvishongo kana zvinhu zvinoshanda zvine kukosha kwehunyanzvi.
Applied arts: kusika nebasa
Apo patinotaura nezvazvo yakashandiswa Arts Isu tinotaura kune izvo zvidzidzo izvo, kuwedzera kune aesthetics, zvine basa rinoshanda. Aya mafomu eunyanzvi anoshandiswa kune zvinoshanda, zvekushongedza, kana zvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri, uye zvakakosha muminda yakaita sefashoni, dhizaini, uye tekinoroji.
- Dhizaini yemifananidzo: Inosanganisa hunyanzvi uye kutaurirana kwekuona kuendesa mazano kuburikidza nemifananidzo, typography, logos, nezvimwe.
- Dhizaini yeindasitiri: Funga nezvezvinhu zvezuva nezuva, kutsvaga kushanda uye aesthetics, zvakadai semidziyo kana maturusi.
- Dhizaini yemafashoni: Art yekugadzira zvipfeko zvine aesthetic, yekufananidzira kana avant-garde pfungwa.
- Mabasa emaoko: Yakagadzirwa nemaoko inoshanda nehupamhi hwekunakisa kukosha, senge machira, zvishongo, kana fenicha.
Kuita Unyanzvi: Kuratidza Mukufamba
Kuita Hunyanzvi Dzinofukidza izvo zvidzidzo zvinokudziridzwa mugadziriro chaidzo uye dzinobatanidza kutora rutivi kwakananga kwemuimbi pamberi pevateereri. Vanowanzo kuve neyakatsanangurwa nguva uye chiyero chekubatana, sezvo vachisanganisira vatambi, vatambi, vaimbi, vanogadzira seti, matekinoroji, nezvimwe.
Pakati pematanho makuru tinowana:
- Theatre: Kumiririrwa kwenyaya kuburikidza nekuita, zvinyorwa uye nzvimbo. Inobatanidza mabhuku, mimhanzi uye unyanzvi hwekuona.
- Dhanzi: Kufamba kwemuviri kunoratidza manzwiro, pfungwa kana rondedzero. Inokamurwa kuita classical, contemporary, folkloric dance, pakati pevamwe.
- Mumhanzi uripo: Concerts, recitals uye operas zvinowira muchikamu ichi kana ichiitwa zvakananga pamberi pevateereri.
- Sekisi: Chirango chinosanganisa acrobatics, juggling, clowning uye mashiripiti. Mienzaniso yemazuva ano inosanganisira makambani akadai seCirque du Soleil.
- Performance: Rarama dhizaini apo muimbi kazhinji ndiye ari pakati pechiito. Iine chirevo chakasimba chekufananidzira uye chinotsvaka kutsamwisa kana kutsamwisa kufungisisa muoni.
Urban art: kusika munzvimbo yeruzhinji
Imwe yekuratidzira kwakakurumbira kwemakumi emakore achangopfuura ndeye hunyanzvi hwemadhorobha, inozivikanwawo sekuti street art kana street art. Unyanzvi hwemhando iyi hunoitwa munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, pasina kuyananisira, uye kazhinji hune magariro, zvematongerwo enyika, kana kuratidzira.
Matauriro ayo makuru anosanganisira:
- Graffiti: Kunyora kana kudhirowa kunoitwa nepfapfaidzo pamadziro. Inogona kusanganisira mitsara, ma tag (siginicha) kana abstract mifananidzo.
- Murals: Mifananidzo yakakura-yakakura pamadziro ekunze. Vanowanzova nehupamhi hwepamusoro uye shoko rakajeka.
- Stickers kana stickers: Mifananidzo inonamira kana mitsara inoiswa pamidziyo yemumugwagwa.
- Matemplate: Tekinoroji inoshandisa kucheka-kunze silhouette kuisa pendi yekukurumidza kunzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana.
- Kuiswa mumigwagwa: Matatu-dimensional mabasa akaiswa munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, kazhinji anopindirana kana ephemeral.
Art yemazuva ano uye mafomu ari kubuda
Contemporary art Ndiyo yakasimukira kubva muzana remakore rechi20 kusvika nhasi. Inoratidzwa nekutyora nemaitiro echinyakare, kuongorora zvinhu zvitsva, uye kutarisa pfungwa pamusoro pechinhu. Movements se:
- Conceptual art: Isa pfungwa pamberi pechinhu. Mharidzo yemunyori inotora kukosha kukuru pane nzira inoshandiswa.
- Abstract art: Haimiriri nhamba dzinozivikanwa. Inobva pamavara, maumbirwo uye zvinyorwa zvemanzwiro.
- Digital art: Yakagadzirwa nenzira dzetekinoroji senge makomputa, mahwendefa edhijitari kana algorithms. Inosanganisira mifananidzo yedhijitari, augmented reality uye virtual reality.
- Art yakadzokororwa: Shandisa zvinhu zvakaraswa kusimudza ruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza nekuzvishandura kuita mabasa eunyanzvi.
Zvinocherechedzwawo mafambiro akadai Futurism, Dadaism, Surrealism, Op Art, Abstract Expressionism, Constructivism, Pop Art nevamwe vakawanda vakapesvedzera zvikuru nhoroondo yemifananidzo yemazuva ano.
Mafomu emifananidzo munhoroondo
Kwemazana emakore, budiriro dzakasiyana dzakagadzira maitiro avo ehunyanzvi, ane hunhu hwakasiyana zvichienderana nemaonero epasirese, chitendero, zvematongerwo enyika, kana magariro. Mimwe mienzaniso ndeiyi:
- Rock art: Yekutanga graphic kuratidzwa kwevanhu, senge mapako pendi kana dombo rakavezwa.
- Egyptian art: Symbolic, yechitendero uye hierarchical, ine predominance yezvivezwa uye monumental architecture.
- Greek art: Classic aesthetic yakanaka. Aitsvaka kukwana mukuenzana uye kuwirirana.
- Medieval Art: Inosanganisira Romanesque, Gothic uye Early Christian art. Yakanyatsobatanidzwa nechiratidzo chechitendero.
- Baroque art: Yakanyanya mitambo, inoshamisira uye yakashongedza. Akashandisa mwenje unosiyanisa kuti aumbe manzwiro.
Kune zvakare pre-Columbian, Byzantine, Renaissance, Mudejar, Islamic, Oriental (Chinese neJapan), Aztec, Inca, African, uye mamwe akawanda masitayera anopfumisa fungidziro yepasi rose.
Literary art: izwi sekuti art
Pakati pemhando huru dzeunyanzvi, mabhuku ane basa rekushanda nemutauro senzira inoratidzira. Shoko pano ndiro chiteshi chikuru chekufambisa manzwiro, taura nyaya kana kufungisisa nezvekuvapo.
Marudzi ayo makuru ndeaya:
- Nhetembo: Kutaura kwehunyanzvi kuburikidza nendima, mita uye manhamba ezvinyorwa. Kumbira kune manzwiro.
- Rondedzero: Zvinosanganisira nyaya, zvinyorwa, ngano kana nhoroondo. Inotarisa nyaya. Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve mhando dzevanyori, zvichakubetserai.
- Muedzo: Chinyorwa chenharo chine fungidziro, pfungwa kana ongororo.
- Theatre: Chinyorwa chinoshamisira chakada kuitwa pachikuva.
Uyezve, mukati meunyanzvi hwekunyora munewo magamuchidzanwa anotaurwa ane zvirahwe, makukutu emitauro, nziyo dzechivanhu, ngano, uye ngano idzo dziri chikamu chenhaka isingabatike yetsika dzakawanda.
Nyika yehunyanzvi yakakura sefungidziro yemunhu. Kubva kumhando dzechinyakare kusvika kuhunyanzvi huri kusimukira, mhando yega yega yehunyanzvi inovhura hwindo kune manzwiro, kushoropodzwa munharaunda, kana runako. Kuongorora nzira idzi ndiko kunzwisisa zviri nani kuti takanga tiri vanaani, tiri vanaani, uye kwatiri kuenda.