Kufamba mhiri kwemhepo hakungodi kusimba kwemuviri uye musoro unotonhorera; humbowo huchangoburwa hunoratidza kuti hunokanganisawo kuyerera kweropa pakati payo. Chikwata chepasi rese, chinotungamirwa neYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, San Diego, chinosimbisa kuti hupenyu mukutenderera hunogona kukurumidza kuchembera kwehematopoietic stem masero, inokonzera kugadzirwa kwemasero eropa uye inzwi rakanaka rekudzivirira muviri.
Kuti varatidze izvi, masayendisiti akaunza tuvarabhoritari tudiki, akazvimirira kuInternational Space Station inokwanisa kuchengetedza nekucherechedza masero emunhu kwemavhiki, aine otomatiki kutonga kwakavakirwa pahuchenjeri hwekugadzira. Mune izvi microgravity uye cosmic mwaranzi, inozivikanwa kwazvo tardigrade resistance, sampuli dzakazvibata zvakasiyana kubva kune dzadzo dzepasi, dzichiratidza zviratidzo zvakajeka zvekupfeka kwebiological.
Chidzidzo chacho chakaratidza chii chaizvo?
Masero akafumurwa pakati pe32 ne45 mazuva paISS akarasikirwa nekuzvivandudza uye akaratidzwa zvimwe kukuvara kweDNA pamwe chete nematelomere akapfupikiswa, hutatu hweunhu hunoenderana nekukurumidzira kukwegura. Pamusoro pezvo, zviratidzo zvekuzvimba uye kushushikana zvakabuda mumitochondria, iyo organelles inopa maseru nesimba.
Yakanga isiri nyaya yekupfeka uye kubvaruka: maseru akapinda mumhando yekuwedzeredza, nekukurumidza-kupfuura-ane hutano kupatsanura mikombero, iyo yakapedza matura avo. Iyi hyperactive state yakabatana nayo kugadzirisa kukundikana uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinodzokorora zvejenome, anowanzo nyarara matunhu ayo, kana aitwa, anogona kukanganisa masero ekushanda. Mukufanana, kusaenzana mumigwagwa yecytokine uye zvirongwa zvemitochondrial zvakaonekwa, pamwe chete neRNA editing masiginecha akabatana nemhuri yeAPOBEC3.
Chinhu chainyanya kushamisa yaive mutational load: kunyangwe iyo dose yakanyorwa mumamishini yaifananidzwa nekuongororwa kwechiremba, maseru aienda muchadenga akaunganidzwa. anosvika kashanu ekuchinja kwekuchinja pane ayo akafumurwa kuX-rays paPasiIzvi zvinonongedza kumubatanidzwa weiyo microgravity uye high-energy cosmic mwaranzi iyo inowedzera kuora kwema molecular.
Zvese izvi zvine mhedzisiro inoshanda: kana HSPCs ikapera, kugona kwavo kuchengetedza hematopoiesis uye immune system inoderera. Vanyori vanoyambira izvozvo maitiro anoenderana ne clonal hematopoiesis, chiitiko icho, paPasi, chinosanganiswa nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehutachiona hwehutachiona; cherechedza, hazvireve cancer pachayo, asi zvinoreva kuwedzera kwenjodzi yenguva refu.
Magadzirirwo akaitwa orbital experiments
Chikwata chakatumira nanobioreactor chikuva chakavakwa uye chakashanda nerutsigiro kubva kuSpace Tango, iyo yakafamba ina SpaceX mishoni kuISSAya masisitimu akachengetedza maHSPC emunhu mune inodzorwa mwongo niche mamiriro uye akaatarisa ivo munguva chaiyo vachishandisa AI-powered imaging uye yekuongorora maturusi.
Kutevera shanduko dzemaserura, fluorescent cell cycle vatori venhau (seFUCCI2BL) vakasanganiswa, genome uye transcriptome sequencing, uye cytokine panels. Pamwe chete, iyo yakawanda-omics uye inoshanda kuverenga (HSPC-FOMA) yakatibvumira kunyatso mepu kuti sero kutenderera, mitochondrial homeostasis, uye zvirongwa zvekuzvimba zvinoshandurwa sei pasi pemicrogravity.
Nguva dzose taishanda navo zvakaenzana zvidzoreso zvevhu uye standardized mamiriro. Pakudzoka, dzimwe shanduko dzakadzikiswa apo maseru akadzoserwa mudiki, ane hutano microenvironment, zvichiratidza kuti mamwe maronda anodzoreredzwa, kunyangwe asiri ese anoita seanonyangarika zvachose.
Mamiriro uye mamiriro ekuturikira zvabuda
Izvi zvakawanikwa zvinoenderana neyakatangira yakaita seNASA Mapatya Kudzidza, iyo yakaenzanisa hama mbiri dzemuchadenga uye yakaona shanduko mumatelomere uye kutaura kwemajini panguva yekugara kwenguva refu muorbit. Tsvagiridzo iyoyo yakaratidza kuti shanduko zhinji dzinodzoserwa pakudzoka, asi zvakare kuti dzimwe dzinoramba; basa idzva rinotarisa zvakadzama nekuisa pfungwa pamasero eropa uye kuburitsa nzira dzakanaka dzekuchembera.
Nzvimbo inoita sea biological time acceleratorNzira dzinotora makore kuti dzibude paNyika dzinogona kuonekwa mumavhiki. Iri hwindo rakaropafadzwa harisi kungoshanda chete kugadziridza mapuroteni ekuchengetedza kwendege refu, asi zvakare kusimudzira biology yekuchembera uye makuru omics zvirongwa zvinotsvaga mepu, zvakadzama, kukanganisa kwenzvimbo yenzvimbo pahutano hwevanhu.
Zvinorehwa uye matanho anotevera ekubhururuka uye mushonga
Nekurebesa mamisheni pakatarisana, kubva pakugara kwenguva refu paMwedzi kusvika kuenda kuMars, pane chido chekukurumidzira chekugadzira matanho akabatanidzwa: zviri nani kudzivirira mwaranzi, kushanda nekuzorora zvirongwa zvakakodzera kutenderera kwesero, uye zvinogona kuitika zvemishonga kana genetic zvinochengetedza HSPC fitness.
Murabhoritari inotenderera inovhurawo mikana paPasi: kunzwisisa kuti matelomeres akashata sei, shanduko dzinoungana, uye masero anopiswa munguva pfupi. kukurudzira marapirwo anorwisa pathological kuchembera nemamwe magomarara. Icho chokwadi chekuti kumwe kukuvadza kunodzoserwa mune yechidiki microenvironment inoratidza zvinangwa zve tishu rejuvenation.
Matanho anotevera atove kuenderera mberi: mishoni nyowani kuISS uye zvidzidzo nevazivi vemuchadenga kuti vasimbise mhedzisiro iyi mumasampuli evanhu mu vivo, pamwe nekunatswa kwe autonomous mapuratifomu uye AI algorithms izvo zvinobvumira kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa. Mukufanana, basa riri kuitwa pane biomarkers ye spatial kusagadzikana-induced kuchembera uye pamatanho ekudzikisa ayo anogona kuendeswa kukiriniki marongero.
Miedzo inoisa ndege dzemuchadenga senzvimbo inomhanyisa kupfeka kwe cellular reserveMicrogravity uye mwaranzi inoshanda synergistically kuderedza kusimba kwayo, ine muganho wekupora zvishoma pakudzokera kumamiriro akanaka. Kuchengetedza iyi cellular reserve kuchave kiyi yenguva refu mishoni uye, sezvineiwo, kuti tinzwisise zviri nani kuchembera uye chirwere papasi redu.