Mukana wekudzosa mhuka dzakatsakatika kuupenyu rakabva pakuva fungidziro yesainzi kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo umo masayendisiti ari kuisa mari yakawanda nesimba uye zviwanikwa. Nekuda kwekufambira mberi mubiotechnology uye genetics, kupera-kuparara kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kuswedera, paine mapurojekiti aneshungu ari kuitika uye kutarisisa kuri kuwedzera. mhuka dzisingawanzoitiki.
Makambani uye marabhoritari pasi rese atanga kushanda pakudzoreredza kwemhando dzemhando dzakadai se makushe mammoth, the dodo and the Tasmanian tiger. Kunyange zvazvo kufarira kuchionekwa, kunewo akawanda Zvinetso zvesainzi netsika izvo zvinoita kuti nzira iyi ive isina gakava.
Kudzoka kwewool mammoth
Imwe yemapurojekiti akanyanya kupindirana mundima yekutsakatika ndeye kudzoreredza kwe makushe mammoth. Mhuka iyi, iyo yaigara munzvimbo huru dzeEurasia neNorth America, yakatsakatika zvishoma 4.000 makore. Chirongwa chinotungamirwa nekambani yeBiotechnology Colossal ine chinangwa chekudzorera kuburikidza ne genetic editing.
Nzira yacho haisi yekubatanidza mammoth kubva kuDNA yakadzorerwa, asi isa majini akakosha kubva kumhuka iyi muAsian nzou embryos, su hama dzepedyo. Zvinotsvakwa kuti mahybrids aya ararame mukati nzvimbo dzinotonhora, kubatsira kudzorera Siberian tundra ecosystem, iyo inogona kubatsira kuderedza kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Uye zvakare, kudzidza kweiyo genetics yemhuka idzi kunopa mikana mitsva yekunzwisisa iyo uchiri hupenyu uye kuti upenyu hunogona sei kujairana nenhamo, sezvinoonekwa nemamwe Mhando dzakatsakatika.
The dodo: shiri inoyevedza yekutsakatika
El dodo, UN shiri isingabhururuka inogara kuMauritius, Yakanyangarika pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 17 nekuda kwekuvhima uye kuunzwa kwezvipenyu zvinoparadza nevagari vekuEurope. Nhasi, inoonekwa sechiratidzo chekutsakatika kunokonzerwa nevanhu.
Vesainzi vakakwanisa tevedza DNA yako uye vari kuongorora mukana we genetically shandura masero eNicobar njiva, imwe yehama dzayo dzepedyo, kugadzirazve chipenyu chakafanana sezvinobvira kune dodo. Uku kufarira kumutsiridza marudzi kunoita kuti tifungisise nezvenhoroondo yezvimwe zvisikwa, zvakadai sezvinofadza Phoenix, iyo inofananidzira kuberekwazve uye kutangazve. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuti usakanganwa mhuka dzakatsakatika nomunhu izvo zvinomiririrawo chidzidzo chezvinogona kuitika kana tikasachengeta zvakatipoteredza.
Ingwe yeTasmanian uye mukana wekumutsidzirwa kwayo
Iyo marsupial inozivikanwa se Tasmanian tiger kana kuti thylacine akanga ari mumwe wevanyajambwa vachangobva kupfuura zvikuru vokutsakatika. Muenzaniso wokupedzisira wakafira muusungwa muna 1936 munzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka muAustralia. Zvisinei, zvimwe zvidimbu zveDNA yavo zvakachengetedzwa, zvichisiya pachena mukana wokumutsidzira mhuka.
The thylacine's DNA yakaonekwa seine kufanana neiyo ye Tasmanian satani, marsupial achiripo. Izvi zvakabvumira vatsvakurudzi kushanda kuisa thylacine genome muTasmanian devil genome netariro yekuwana inogoneka genetic reconstruction. Ukama huri pakati pezvipenyu uhwu hunoratidzawo kukosha kwekusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu muzvinhu zvipenyu uye kuti kupindira kudiki kunogona kuita mutsauko sei, pamwe nekukosha kwazvakaita pakuchengetedza. mhuka dziri munjodzi.
Dzimwe mhuka mukuona kwesainzi
- The woolly rhinoceros: Yakatsakatika kwezviuru zvemakore, mhuka iyi yanga iri mukana wekudzima-kutsakatika nekuda kwe masara echando inowanikwa muSiberia.
- The bucardo: Yakapera muna 2000, asi kuedza kuigadzira muna 2003 kwakaguma nekuberekwa kwemuenzaniso, kunyange zvazvo yakangorarama kwemaminitsi mashomanana.
- The great auk: Yakanga yakaita sepenguin uye yakasundwa mukutsakatika nekuvhima kusina tsananguro.
- Gastric Brooding Matatya: Matatya aya aive nekahunhu kekupinza mazai mudumbu uye achangobva kutaurwa nezvawo “Razaro Project".
Iyo tekinoroji iri shure kwekutsakatika
Masayendisiti ari kushandisa nzira nhatu huru kuedza kudzosa mhuka dzakatsakatika kuupenyu:
- Kuumba: DNA inotorwa kubva mumuenzaniso wakatsakatika uye inounzwa muzai rinogoneka kubva kurudzi rwakafanana.
- Gene editing: DNA yemhuka mhenyu inogadziridzwa kuti isanganise majini anobva kumarudzi akatsakatika.
- Kusarudza kubereka: Mhando dzemazuva ano dzinoyambutswa kuti dzidzore maitiro emadzitateguru.
Kuvandudzwa nekushandiswa kwetekinoroji idzi kunogona kushandura manzwisisiro atinoita genetics yemhuka uye kuchengetedzwa kwekusiyana-siyana, izvo zvinoenderanawo nekudzidza dinosaurs ane feather. Nekudaro, zviri pachena kuti dzinofanirwa kushandiswa zvine hungwaru, nguva dzese dzichifunga nezve kugara zvakanaka kwe Mhuka idzo masayendisiti anoda kumutsiridza.
Matambudziko etsika nenjodzi
Kunyangwe pfungwa yekumutsa mhuka dzakatsakatika ichinakidza, Pane zvine chekuita netsika nesainzi zvekufunga nezvazvo. Mhuka idzi dzichajairana sei nemamiriro ekunze emazuva ano? Vachava netapuroi pamarudzi azvino uno? Mukuwedzera, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti kuedza uku kunofanira kunyanya kukoshesa kuchengetedza mhuka dziri mungozi pane kuedza kumutsiridza vakashaika. Izvi zvinoratidza kukosha kwekudzivirira mhuka dziri mungozi, avo vanototarisana nezvinetso munzvimbo yavo yechisikigo.
Kuvandudzwa kweiyi matekinoroji zvakare inomutsa kunetseka maererano nekugara zvakanaka kwemhuka. Kuedza kweCloning kwaratidza mitengo yebudiriro yakaderera uye kazhinji kacho tuvana tunenge tuvana tunenge tuchangobva mukuumbwa hahurarame, izvo zvinomutsa mibvunzo ine chokuita netsika pamusoro pokutambura kungaita izvi.
Iko mukana wekudzosa mhuka dzakatsakatika kufambira mberi kunonakidza musainzi, asiwo inomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pekuita kwayo uye mhedzisiro. Sezvo nzira itsva uye matekinoroji zvinogadzirwa, masayendisiti anozoda kunyatso funga nezve ecology uye tsika yemaitiro ezviito zvavo. Kutsakatika kungave kubudirira kunoshamisa kwebiotechnology; Kuitwa kwayo kunofanirwa kuve nehanya uye kwakanangana neiyo chiyero chezvino ecosystem.
