United States yakapa shanduko huru kuenda kupiramidhi yayo yepamutemo yezvekudya Nekuburitswa kweDietary Guidelines itsva 2025-2030, chirongwa chekare chekuisa zviyo pasi chakava nhoroondo uye chinotsiviwa nepiramidhi yakapindurwa inotarisa pamapuroteni, mafuta ane hutano, michero nemiriwo senzira huru dzekudya kwezuva nezuva.
Shanduko iyi, yakakurudzirwa neDhipatimendi reHutano neMabasa evanhu pamwe neDhipatimendi reKurima pasi pechirevo "Idya chikafu chaicho"Hazvingogadziri mapoka ezvekudya chete, asiwo zvinosimbisa kurwisa shuga yakawedzerwa uye zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa zvakanyanya. Gwaro idzva iri rinoenderana nehurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika. Ita Kuti America Ive Nehutano Zvakare (MAHA)Izvi zvinowedzera pfungwa dzakajeka pakukurukurirana kwezvekudya.
Piramidhi itsva yechikafu yeUS yakaita sei?
Piramidhi yekare iyo vazhinji vanoyeuka kubva mumabhuku ekudzidza yakaderedzwa. Panzvimbo payo inoonekwa modhi yepiramidhi yakapindurwaIine dhizaini iri nyore, ichideredza mapoka ezvekudya kuita mabhuroko makuru uye ichibvisa zvihwitsi nezvikafu zvakagadzirwa zvakanyanya.
Mukuita uku kutsva, Chikamu chikuru chinoenderana nemapuroteni, zvigadzirwa zvemukaka, uye mafuta ane hutanoMichero nemiriwo zvinotevera, izvo zvinofanirwa kudyiwa zuva nezuva muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye munzvimbo yakamanikana pane zviyo, pachinyanya kusarudzwa zviyo zvakakwana zvakapfuma mufaibha uye kurudziro yakajeka yekuderedza makabhohaidhiretsi akacheneswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
Chikumbiro ichi chinotsiva modhi yeMyPlate ya2011 — ndiro yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu— uye Inodzoreredza piramidhi sechiratidzo chinoonekwaZvisinei, basa rayo rinoratidza kupfuura rekudzidzisa. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoti mufananidzo wacho hauratidzi zvakajeka huwandu kana saizi dzekushumira, uye kuti vagari vanofanirwa kubvunza webhusaiti yepamutemo kuti vanzwisise zvakadzama nezvemazano acho.
Nzvimbo yehurumende inobatanidzwa, realfood.gov, inosimbisa meseji iyi nerunako rwakafuridzirwa ne mhando dzezvekudya zvine hutano: manyorerwo akachena, mifananidzo yekare, uye meseji yakatarisana zvakanyanya nepfungwa ye "chikafu chaicho" zvichienzaniswa nezvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri.
Mirayiridzo mitsva: mapuroteni akawanda, mafuta echinyakare akawanda, uye shuga shoma
Chinangwa chikuru chekuchinja uku chiri muhurongwa hutsva Nhungamiro dzeKudya kweVaAmerica 2025-2030, yakapihwa neMunyori weHutano Robert F. Kennedy Jr. pamwe neMunyori wezveKurima Brooke Rollins. Gwaro iri rakatsanangurwa nehurumende pachayo se "kugadziriswa kwakakosha kwemutemo wezvekudya mumakumi emakore".
Chimwe chezvishanduko zvinonyanya kushamisa kuwedzera kuri pachena muhuwandu hwevanhu huwandu hweprotein hunokurudzirwa zuva nezuvaGwaro iri rinoratidza kuti vanhu vakuru vanodya magiramu ari pakati pe1,2 ne1,6 eprotein pakirogiramu imwe neimwe yehuremu hwemuviri pazuva, zvichienzaniswa ne0,8 g/kg yaikurudzirwa kwemakore. Kumunhu ane makirogiramu makumi manomwe, izvi zvinoenzana nemagiramu ari pakati pe84 ne112 eprotein pazuva.
Mapuroteni anokurudzirwa anosanganisira nyama tsvuku, shiri nekuchengetedzwa kwadzo kwehutsananahove, mazai uye zvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvakakwanaPamusoro pembesa, nzungu, mhodzi, uye soya, zvinosimbiswa kuti kudya kwega kwega kunofanira kukoshesa chikafu chine mapuroteni emhando yepamusoro, pamwe chete nemafuta ane hutano kubva muzvikafu zvakakwana zvakaita seavocado, nzungu, mafuta emuorivhi, hove dzine mafuta, kana mukaka une mafuta akazara.
Chimwe chinhu chinosiyanisa vamwe ndechekuti kugadziriswa kwemafuta ane madhimoni echinyakareMirayiridzo iyi inokurudzira kushandiswa kwemafuta emombe kana kuti nyama yemombe pakubika—pamwe chete nemafuta emuorivhi senzira inodiwa—uye kudyiwa kwemukaka wese usina shuga yakawedzerwa, chero bedzi mafuta akazara asingapfuure 10% yemacalorie ezuva nezuva. Izvi zvakakonzera gakava nekuti, mukuita, zvinokoshesa chikafu chine mafuta akawanda akazara.
Kurwisa pachena shuga yakawedzerwa uye chikafu chakagadziriswa zvakanyanya
Kana paine chinhu chimwe chete chisina gakava guru pakati penyanzvi, zvakakosha kuti kuderedza zvakanyanya shuga yakawedzerwaPano piramidhi itsva nemirayiridzo yayo inopfuura nhanho yapfuura: rugwaro rwunotaura kuti hapana huwandu hweshuga yakawedzerwa kana zvinotapira zvisina hutano zvinoonekwa sechikamu chekudya kune hutano.
Zvinokurudzirwa zvinotsanangura kuti Hapana chikafu chinofanira kunge chine shuga yakawedzerwa inopfuura 10 gramu —zvipunu zviviri chete— uye zvinokurudzira kubvisa shuga zvachose muvana vari pasi pemakore mana, chiyero chakaoma kupfuura zvakambotaurwa kare. Kurambwa kwe [zvisina kujeka - pamwe "zvinotapira" kana "zvinotapira"] kunosimbiswawo. zvinwiwa zvine shugakusanganisira zvinwiwa zvisina doro, zvinwiwa zvemichero uye zvinwiwa zvinopa simba.
Panguva imwe chete, gwaro iri rine simba zvikuru maererano ne zvokudya zvinogadzirwa zvakanyanyaGwaro iri rinokurudzira kusashandisa zvinhu zvakaputirwa, zvakagadzirira kudyiwa, kana zvakagadzirwa zvakanyanya zvine munyu wakawanda, shuga, hupfu hwakanatswa, mavara, kana zvimwe zvinowedzerwa. Kunyangwe gwaro iri richidzivisa izwi rekuti "yakagadziriswa zvakanyanya," tsananguro yacho inoenderana nezvinorehwa nemabhuku esainzi akawanda nemhedzisiro yakaipa yehutano.
Vakuru vanobvuma kuti tsananguro yepamutemo ye "ultra-processed" ichiri kukurukurwa, uye Dhipatimendi rezvekurima neFDA vari kushanda pane imwe. tsananguro yemitemo izvo zvinogona kushandiswa mumitemo yeruzhinji uye mukunyora mazita, chimwe chinhu chingave chakakoshawo kuEurope.
Zvinokurudzirwa pamichero, miriwo, zviyo nemakabhohaidhiretsi
Kupfuura mukurumbira wemapuroteni, piramidhi itsva iyi inosimbisa meseji inozivikanwa: zadza ndiro yako nemichero nemiriwoZvinokurudzirwa kudya miriwo mitatu nemichero miviri pazuva, uchiisa pamberi zvidimbu zvese, zvitsva kana zvisina kugadzirwa zvakanyanya, zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvine mavara akasiyana.
Kana paine makabhohaidhiretsi, shanduko yakajeka kwazvo kuenda kune zviyo zvakakwanaMutungamiriri anokurudzira kusarudza chingwa chine zviyo zvakakwana, chine faibha yakawanda, pasta, mupunga, nezvimwe zviyo, uye kuderedza makabhohaidhiretsi akacheneswa, makeke, kudya kwekuseni kwakagadzirwa, matortilla eupfu, uye macrackers.
Chirongwa chitsva ichi chinoisa makabhohaidhiretsi akacheneswa muchikamu chidiki chepiramidhi yakapindurwaIzvi zvinosiyana nepfungwa yekuti zviyo ndizvo zvinoonekwa pakudya kwezuva nezuva. Zvinototaurwa kuti vanhu vane zvimwe zvirwere zvisingaperi vanogona kubatsirwa nazvo. low carb diets, nguva dzose achitarisirwa nachiremba.
Nezvedoro, gwara iri rinosiya nhamba dzacho dzakataurwa kakawanda—doro rimwe chete pazuva kuvakadzi uye maviri kuvarume—uye rinongokurudzira "Nwa doro shoma kuti uve neutano hwakanaka"Zvinokurudzirwa zvikuru kuti usazvishandise zvachose kana uine pamuviri, uine matambudziko ekupindwa muropa, kana kuti uchinetseka kudzora kudya kwako.
Mhedzisiro yezvematongerwo enyika nemagariro evanhu yemuenzaniso mutsva
Piramidhi itsva chikamu chehurongwa Ita Kuti America Ive Nehutano Zvakare (MAHA)Kurongwa kunosanganisa mashoko ekudya "kwakachena", kuderedzwa kwechikafu chakagadziriswa zvakanyanya, uye kusavimba nemaindasitiri emishonga nechikafu. Kugadziriswazve kwezvekudya kunodudzirwa se chimwe chikamu chehurongwa hwetsika nezvematongerwo enyika chinangwa chayo ndechekusiyanisa "chikafu chaicho" nezvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri.
Mitemo yekudya yehurumende ndiyo hwaro hwezvirongwa zvakawanda zveveruzhinji: kubva ku chikafu chekuchikoroiyo inopa vana vanosvika mamiriyoni makumi matatu pazuva, kumamenyu muzvipatara, mumajeri, munzvimbo dzemauto, uye muzvirongwa zverubatsiro rwechikafu. Nokudaro, shanduko iyi haisi yekutaurirana chete; inogonawo kukanganisa chii chinopihwa pamamiriyoni ematireyi munyika yose.
Hurumende inoruramisa shanduko iyi nekutaura mamiriro ehutano: vanhu vakuru vekuAmerica vanosvika 70 muzana vanorema zvakanyanya kana kuti vakafuta, uye vanenge 90% yemari inoshandiswa pakurapa inotsaurirwa kuzvirwere zvisingaperi Zvirwere izvi zvakabatana zvakanyanya nekudya uye mararamiro. Uyezve, zvakacherechedzwa kuti zvirwere izvi zviri kutanga kudzikamisa kunyange kupinza vanhu muchiuto nekuda kwematambudziko ehutano hwemuviri.
Panguva imwe chete, maitiro ekugadzira gwara iri akakonzera kushoropodzwa pamusoro pe pesvedzero yeindasitiri yenyama nemukakaDzimwe ongororo dzinoratidza kuti nyanzvi dzinoverengeka dziri mukomiti yemazano dzakaramba dzichishanda pamwe chete nezvikamu izvi munguva pfupi yapfuura, izvo zvinomutsa kusava nechokwadi pamusoro pekuti kukoshesa nyama tsvuku nezvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvakakwana kwakavakirwa pasainzi chete here kana kuti pane zvido zvehupfumi.
Mhinduro kubva kunharaunda yesainzi yepasi rose
Mhinduro kubva kumasangano ekurapa nenyanzvi dzezvekudya dzakasiyana-siyana. Sangano reVarapi veAmerica (AMA) Akagamuchira kusimbiswa kwakanyanya kwekudzikamisa shuga, zvinwiwa zvine shuga yakawanda, uye chikafu chakabikwa zvakanyanya, achisimbisa kuti zvinhu izvi zvinokonzera kufuta, chirwere cheshuga, uye zvirwere zvemwoyo.
Pane kudaro, iyo American Heart Association akaratidza kusagutsikana kukuru nezve kunyanya kwenyama tsvuku nezvigadzirwa zvemukakaSangano iri rinotya kuti, kana zvikatsanangurwa zvisina tsarukano, mazano aya anogona kukonzera kudya mafuta akawandisa nesodium yakawanda, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwenjodzi yemwoyo.
Vamwe vanhu vezvedzidzo, vakaita senyanzvi yezvirwere zvinovaka muviri Lindsey Smith Taillie kana Purofesa Marion Nestle, vakarumbidza nzira yekuisa "chikafu chaicho" pamberi uye kuderedza chikafu chakagadziriswa zvakanyanya, asi vanotenda kuti kusimbirira zvakanyanya paprotein Izvi hazvina kururama zvachose, tichifunga kuti vanhu vekuAmerica vanotodya magiramu angangoita zana pazuva.
Kutsoropodzwa uku kunoshandawo muEurope, uko nhungamiro dzakawanda dzepamutemo uye tsvakiridzo ichangobva kuitwa dzinoita kuti farira mapuroteni anobva mumiti, hove nenyama isina mafuta akawanda, kuchengetedza nzira yekuchenjerera zvakanyanya nenyama tsvuku nezvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvine mafuta akawanda.
Siyanisa nepiramidhi nemirairo yezvekudya muSpain neEurope
Modhi itsva yekuAmerica inopesana zvakanyanya ne mazano aripo iye zvino muSpainNhungamiro dzenyika, dzakakurudzirwa zvakanyanya nekudya kweMediterranean, dzinoisa pamberi kudyiwa kwezuva nezuva kwe michero, miriwo, nyemba, zviyo zvese nemafuta emuorivhiuye vanochengetedza nzvimbo shoma yekudya nyama tsvuku nezvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvine mafuta.
MuSpain, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa mafuta omuorivhi senzvimbo huru yemafuta, inwa mvura yepombi sechinwiwa chinodiwa, idya zvikamu zvishanu zvemichero nemiriwo pazuva, idya zvikamu zvitatu kusvika zvitanhatu zvezviyo (zviri nani zviyo zvese) uye ipai huremu hwakawanda kune nyemba, nzungu nehove pane nyama.
Mitemo yeSpain, nedzimwe nyika dzemuEurope, inowanzo kurudzira, deredza kudya kwako nyama tsvukuDeredza zvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvakakwana uchisarudza zvekudya zvine mafuta mashoma kana kuti zvisina mafuta akawanda uye chengetedza maitiro ekudya ari pedyo nekudya kweMediterranean pane kudya zvine mapuroteni akawanda.
Saka, piramidhi itsva yeUS inomiririra kusawirirana kwepfungwa nenzira yekuEuropeApo nhungamiro dzeSpain dzinotaura nezve "nyama shoma yemombe uye nyemba dzakawanda", chirongwa cheAmerica chinokurudzira kupa mapuroteni - kusanganisira anobva kumhuka - basa guru, chero bedzi achibva muzvikafu "zvechokwadi" kwete zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa.
Mhedzisiro yenhau uye simba panhaurirano yezvekudya muSpain
Kuziviswa kwepiramidhi itsva kwave nemhedzisiro yakakurumidza mu Midhiya yemagariro evanhu nenhau dzeSpanishuko nyanzvi dzezvekudya nevanhu vane simba vakaongorora shanduko iyi nerubatsiro rwekungwarira. Vamwe vanotsigira kudyiwa kwezvikafu zvakawanda zvakagadzirwa zvakanyanya vakagara vachitsigira pfungwa ye "chikafu chaicho," saka vanoona Kurwiswa kwezvinwiwa zvisina doro, makeke, uye zvekudya zvakagadziriswa.
Panguva imwe chete, chikamu cheshoko rinotsigira zvakasimba nyama tsvuku nezvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvakakwana chinoburitsa Kusava nechokwadi pakati penyanzvi dzekuEuropeYakajaira kukurudzira maitiro ekudya akavakirwa zvakanyanya pambeu, michero, miriwo, uye zviyo zvese, musiyano uripo pakati pepiramidhi yeAmerican inverted nemirairo yenyika wave dingindira rinogara richitaurwa mumakakatanwa, mapodcasts ezvekudya, uye zvinyorwa zvekuongorora.
MuSpain, uko kwaitova nekukurudzira kuderedza chikafu chinogadzirwa zvakanyanya, muenzaniso weUS unogona kushanda segwara. simbisa mamwe marongero —semuenzaniso, kuderedza zvinwiwa zvine shuga muzvikoro kana kuvandudza mazita ezvinwiwa—, asi nzira yekupa nyama tsvuku nzvimbo yakakosha kudaro pachati yepamutemo haingatevedzerwi.
Uyezve, masangano eEurope ari kuramba achisimbisa kudiwa kwe Gadzirisa nhungamiro dzezvekudya nezvinangwa zvekuchengetedza hupenyuIzvi zvinosanganisira kufarira mapuroteni anobva mumiti uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwegadziriro yechikafu, chinhu chisingawanikwe zvakanyanya mugwaro reUS.
Saka piramidhi itsva yechikafu yeUS inova munhu ane gakavaKune rumwe rutivi, zvinosimbisa kubvumirana kuri kukura pamusoro pekuderedza shuga nechikafu chakagadziriswa zvakanyanya uye kukosha kwechikafu chose; kune rumwe rutivi, zvinopesana nezvinokurudzirwa zvakawanda zveEurope nekudzorerazve nyama tsvuku nemukaka une mafuta akazara sezvinhu zvikuru zvekudya. KuSpain nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope, sangano reAmerica rinopa simba rekuramba richigadzirisa nhungamiro dzaro, asi rinoshandawo sechiyeuchidzo chekuti kudya kweveruzhinji inzvimbo iyo sainzi inowirirana, kazhinji nezvematongerwo enyika, zvehupfumi, netsika.
