The latest update of the Runyoro Rutsvuku rweEurope rweHove dzeMvura Yakachena Zvinopa kutya: chikamu chikuru chezvisikwa zviri munzizi, madhamu, uye zvitubu zvekondinendi chiri kudzikira nekukurumidza. Data rakaunganidzwa neInternational Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) rinosimbisa kuti kuora kwezvakatipoteredza zvemumvura muEurope hakusi chiitiko chega, asi kuti itsika inogara iripo.
Zvichienderana neongororo itsva, inenge hafu yehove dzemumvura yakachena muEurope dzinowanikwa vari panjodzi chaiyo yekunyangarika mumakumi emakore anotevera Kana pasina matanho akasimba akatorwa, nyanzvi dzakatora chikamu muchidzidzo ichi dzinonyevera kuti hapana zviratidzo zvekupora uye kuti, kazhinji, kumanikidzwa kwemarudzi aya kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera, kunyanya munzvimbo dzeMediterranean.
42% yemarudzi emhuka dziri munjodzi uye 18% dziri munjodzi
Ongororo yeIUCN yakavakirwa pakudzidza kwakadzama kwe Mhando 558 dzehove dzemumvura yakachena dziripo muEurope. Mushure mekuongorora mamiriro adzo ekuchengetedzwa, mushumo unogumisa kuti 42% yadzo dziri munjodzi yekutsakatika, nepo imwe 18% iri muchikamu cheNear Threatened. Pakazara, mhando dzinenge nhanhatu pagumi dzinokonzera kunetseka kukuru pakati penyanzvi.
Basa iri, ravakashanda pamwe chete Nyanzvi dzinopfuura 135 dzinobva kunyika dzinopfuura 30Mushumo wacho unoratidzawo kuti mamiriro ezvinhu akawedzera kuipa mumakore gumi apfuura. Kubva mugore ra2011, huwandu hwemarudzi ari panjodzi hwakawedzera neanenge 5%, zvichiratidza kuti nzvimbo dzemumvura dziri kuramba dzichiparara zvishoma nezvishoma. IUCN inosimbisa kuti "hapana humbowo" hwekuti zvinhu zviri kufamba zvakanaka munharaunda iyi.
Hove dzemumvura yakachena dzinoumba boka remhuka dzine mapfupa emusana akasiyana-siyana pasi rose Uye panguva imwe chete, ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzinonyanya kukanganiswa nekuchinja kwenharaunda. Nekuda kweizvi, kudzikira kwayo kunotorwa sechiratidzo chakananga chekuparara kwenzizi, madhamu, nzvimbo dzine mvura, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzezvakatipoteredza. freshwater ecosystemsPane kuva nyaya dzakangoerekana dzaitika, Red List yakagadziridzwa inoratidza dambudziko remamiriro emvura nekutarisira ivhu muEurope.
IUCN inosimbisa kuti kudzikira kwemarudzi akawanda hakurevi chete kurasikirwa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, asiwo kushanduka kwe maitiro akakosha ezvakatipoteredzazvakaita sekudzora zvipembenene mumvura, kudzokorodza zvinovaka muviri, uye kuchengetedza hunhu hwemvura. Zvese izvi zvine mhedzisiro yenguva pfupi uye refu pazvikamu zvakaita sekubata hove, kushanya kwezvisikwa, uye kunyangwe kuwanikwa kwemvura yekunwa.
Mhuka dzinotama: dzinonyanya kukanganiswa nemadhamu nemadhamu
Imwe yemashoko anonyanya kufadza emushumo uyu mamiriro ezvinhu e mhando dzemvura yakachena dzinotamaIdzi ndidzo mhando dzinofanira kufamba munzizi nehova kuti dzipedze hupenyu hwadzo. Sekureva kwedata reIUCN, dzinenge 39% dzehove idzi dzinotama dzinoratidza kudzikira kwehuwandu hwevanhu, huwandu hwakanyanya kupfuura hwemhando dzisingatama, hunova hunosvika 14%.
Musiyano uyu wakanyanya kukonzerwa nekuvapo kwe zvipingamupinyi zvemuviri zvakaita semadhamu, maweirs nemadhamu Zvivako izvi zvinokanganisa nzira dzemvura. Zvinotadzisa kana kudzivirira zvachose hove kusvika kwadzinoberekera, kwadzinopotera, kana kwadzinodyira, zvichideredza mikana yadzo yekupedza hupenyu hwadzo zvinobudirira. IUCN inotsanangura mhedzisiro yezvipingamupinyi izvi se "zvinoparadza" vanhu vazhinji.
Munzizi zhinji dzekuEurope, kunyanya idzo dzine nhoroondo refu yekushandiswa kwemagetsi emvura kana kurima, mazana ezvipingamupinyi zvehukuru hwakasiyana zvinoungana. Kunyangwe madhamu madiki, ayo anowanzo onekwa, anogona kumiririra kuvharirwa kwakazara kwemarudzi akasiyanakunyanya avo vasina kugona kusvetuka zvakanyanya kana kuti vanochinjika kumafambiro emagetsi ekugadzira.
Mushumo unoratidza kuti kupatsanurwa kwenzira dzerwizi hakungokonzere kudzikira kwehuwandu hwevanhu chete, asiwo kurasikirwa nekusiyana kwemajini, sezvavanova... mapoka evanhu ari oga munzvimbo dzakamanikana dziri kuramba dzichiwedzeraKuparadzaniswa uku kunoita kuti mhando dzemhuka dzive panjodzi huru yekusangana nematambudziko akaipisisa, akadai sekusanaya kwemvura, kusvibiswa kwemvura, kana kupisa kunokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
IUCN inokurudzira hurumende dzeEurope nemasangano kuti dziise pamberi kubviswa kana kugadziriswa kwezvivakwa zvekarepamwe chete nekuisa nzira dzehove dzinoshanda uko kuchengetedza madhamu kwakakosha. Sekureva kwenyanzvi, kudzoreredza kubatana kwenzizi ndeimwe yenzira dzinoshanda zvikuru dzekuderedza kudzikira kwemarudzi mazhinji anotama.
Nzvimbo dzinonyanya kukuvadzwa: karst systems, matsime, uye nzizi dzinogara dzichingobuda
Kuongororwa hakungogumiri pamhando dzemhuka chete, asi kunopa pfungwa huru kune nzvimbo dzinogara hove dzemumvura yakachenaPakati peizvi, masisitimu eKarst anoonekwa senzvimbo iri panjodzi huru: anopfuura 90% yemarudzi anogara mumasisitimu aya anoonekwa seari panjodzi huru. Aya ndiwo magariro ezvisikwa ane chekuita nemaumbirwo ematombo emabwe, mapako, makomba emvura, uye mambure emvura yepasi pevhu, ane mhuka dzakasarudzika dzinonzwa chero kukanganiswa.
Pamusoro pemasisitimu eKarst, mushumo wacho unonongedzera ku zvitubu zvemvura yakachena uye nzizi nehova dzinogara dzichibuda senzvimbo dzinonyanya kumanikidzwa. Nzvimbo imwe neimwe iyi ine inenge 54% yemhando dziri munjodzi dzakaongororwa, zvichiita kuti dzive nzvimbo dzakakosha dzekuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemumvura muEurope.
Chikamu chikuru chezvipenyu izvi chakanyanya mu Mediterranean EuropeMunzvimbo idzi, kushaikwa kwemvura, kucherwa kwakanyanya kwemvura kuti idiridzwe uye kushandiswa kwevanhu, uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kuramba kuchikura kuri kukonzera kusasimba kwemarudzi emhuka. IUCN inonyevera kuti, munzvimbo idzi, nguva dzekusanaya kwemvura dzinowanda uye dzinotora nguva refu, nepo mvura ichinaya zvisina kuenzana.
Kana nzizi dzichigara dzichiyerera, idzo dzinochinja-chinja pakati penguva yekuyerera kwemvura nenguva yekusanaya kwemvura, kudziya kwepasi rose uye kushandiswa zvakanyanya kwezviwanikwa zvemvura zvinogona kushandura zvachose mashandiro azvo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nzvimbo dzakawanda hadzina mamiriro anodiwa kuti mvura irambe ichinaya. mhando dzakaoma zvikuru dzinogona kuraramavachingoda chete dzinonyanya kusimba kana kuti dzinongotaura zvinhu zvakajairika.
Zvitubu, zvakare, zvinowanzoshanda senzvimbo dzekupotera mhuka dziripo dzine nzvimbo diki dzekupararira. Kuchinja kwekuyerera kwemvura, kutorwa kwemvura kuti iwanikwe, kana kusvibiswa kwenzvimbo kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwakawanda pavanhu vashoma kwazvo, kusvika pakuvasvitsa padanho rekuti vatsakatike munguva pfupi.
Njodzi dzakaunganidzwa: kubva pakuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kusvika kumarudzi emhuka dzinopararira
IUCN inoratidza njodzi dzisingawanzoitiki dziri dzoga. Asi, kazhinji dzinopindirana uye Vanosimbisanazvinoomesa chero kuedza kwekutora huwandu hwehove. Dambudziko guru rakaonekwa nemushumo uyu nderekuchinja nzvimbo dzekugara, kunyanya kuburikidza nemadhamu nezvimwe zvipingamupinyi, izvo zvinokanganisa 69% yemhando dzakaongororwa.
Kuchinja kwakananga kwenzizi nehova uku kunowedzerwa ne kusvibiswa kunobva mumaguta, kurima uye mumaindasitiriKubuda kwemvura yakasviba isina kucheneswa zvakakwana, mishonga yezvipembenene, fetereza, kana makemikari anogara aripo kunoderedza kunaka kwemvura uye kunogona kukonzera kufa kwevanhu vakawanda, pamwe nekukanganisa kubereka nekukura kwehove.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha ndiko kuunzwa kwe invasive alien speciesMhando idzi dzisiri dzemuno dzinokwikwidzana nedziri dzemuno kuti dziwane chikafu nenzvimbo, kana kutodzibata zvakananga. Munzvimbo zhinji dzemumvura dzemuEurope, hove dzisiri dzemuno dzakaburitswa kuti dzizonakidzwa kana kuti dzitengeswe, zvichichinja zvikuru nharaunda dzepakutanga uye zvichiwedzera kumanikidzwa kwemhando dzemuno.
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunobatsira zvikuru pakuita izvi. Kukwira kwekushisa kwemvura, mafungu ekupisa, kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, uye kuwanda kwezviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze akaipisisa kunokanganisa kuwanikwa kwenzvimbo dzakakodzera uye kugadzikana kwezvakatipoteredzaKune mhuka dzakatopera simba nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekubatana kana kusvibiswa, shanduko idzi dzinogona kuva dambudziko guru.
Zvose izvi zvinokonzera kuti hove zhinji dzemumvura dzemuEurope dzibatwe mumatambudziko: nzvimbo dzekugara dziri kuramba dzichiparara uye dzichiwedzera kupatsanukaVanhu vashoma uye vari vega, kugona kwavo kuchinja zvinhu kushoma uye, nekudaro, njodzi yekunyangarika muchizvarwa chimwe chete inowedzera.
Europe iri kutarisana nekurasikirwa kwehupenyu hwezvisikwa zvemumvura
IUCN inosimbirira kuti mamiriro ezvinhu anotsanangurwa neRed List itsva haafanirwe kutsanangurwa sechirwere chechokwadi, asi sechirwere chiziviso chekusimudzira sarudzo dzezvematongerwo enyika nehutungamiririPasina chiito chekukurumidzira uye chakarongeka chekugadzirisa kurasikirwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara, kusvibiswa kwemhepo, mhando dzemhuka dzinopinda mugungwa uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, Europe inogona kurasikirwa nechikamu chikuru chehupenyu hwezvisikwa zvayo mumvura munguva pfupi.
Padanho reEurope, marongero akadai seWater Framework Directive kana kuti Biodiversity Strategy atovepo anotsvaga kuvandudza mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, asi mushumo unoratidza kuti, mukuita, Zviito zvakaitwa kusvika pari zvino hazvina kukwana Kuti vamise kudzikira kwehove dzemumvura yakachena, nyanzvi dziri kukumbira kuti pave nezviwanikwa zvakawanda, kudyidzana kuri nani pakati penyika, uye kuronga kwenguva refu kunotarisisa mamiriro ekunze emangwana.
Kuvandudza kubatana kwenzizi, kudzoreredza kuyerera kwemvura munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kudzoreredza mahombekombe enzizi akaora, uye kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemvura zhinji ndezvimwe zvezvinhu zvinokosheswa pabasa. Panguva imwe chete, manejimendi ye mhuka dzinopinda mumasango uye kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo dzakakosha dzekugaraZvinhu zvakaita sezvitubu nemasisitimu ekarst zvinoratidzwa sezvinhu zvakakosha kuti zvipe mukana chaiwo wekupora kumarudzi ari munjodzi huru.
Mushumo wacho unoratidza kuti kuchengetedza hove dzemumvura yakachena hakusi nyaya yekuchengetedzwa kwemhuka dzesango chete, asiwo mari yekudyara mu kusimba kwe ecosystem Izvi zvakakosha kune mabasa mazhinji ekubatsira vanhu. Kuchengetedza nzizi nematombo ari muvhu zvakanaka kunobatsira kuona kuti mvura iri nani, kuderedza migumisiro yemafashamo nekusanaya kwemvura, uye kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzinoumba hunhu hwenzvimbo zhinji dzemuEurope.
Tichifunga nezvenyaya iyi, runyorwa rutsva rweEuropean Red List of Freshwater Hove dzinoratidza pachena kuti kondinendi iyi iri panguva yakakosha. 42% yemarudzi ari munjodzi uye kukanganisa kwakasimba kwemarudzi anotama Vanosimbisa kuti nguva yekuita chimwe chinhu ishoma, uye kuti nzira inotorwa ikozvino ndiyo ichasarudza kana zvizvarwa zveramangwana zvichiziva Europe ine nzizi mhenyu dzizere nekusiyana-siyana, kana kuti mamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka umo akawanda emarudzi aripo ari kungoyeukwa mumishumo yesainzi.
