Kubvumidzwa kwepamutemo kwe Kudzoreredza, Kuchengetedza uye Kutarisira Matatya aDarwin Yave imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kutaurwa nezvadzo dzekuchengetedza nharaunda muChile mumwedzi yapfuura. Mushure menguva pfupi yekutonga, mutemo unotsigira chishandiso ichi wakagamuchirwa, zvichijekesa nzira yekushandisa hurongwa hwenguva refu pane imwe ye mhando dzakasiyana dzemaamphibian yepasi.
Datya raDarwin, rine chekuita ne nharaunda dzine mamiriro ekunze ari pakati nepakati kumaodzanyemba kweChile neArgentinaMhuka idzi dzave dzichidzikira kwemakumi emakore nekuda kwekuparadzwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara, kupararira kwezvirwere zvinotapukira, uye mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Chirongwa chakatenderwa chine chinangwa chekudzosera shure maitiro aya kuburikidza nematanho akabatana anosanganisa kuchengetedza pasi, tsvakurudzo yesainzi, uye kusimbiswa kwemasangano.
Chii chinonzi chirongwa cheRECOE chedatya raDarwin?
Iko kufona Chirongwa Chekudzoreredza, Kuchengetedza uye Kutarisira (RECOGE) Ndiwo mudziyo wakagadzirwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti mhando mbiri dzerudzi rweRhinoderma dzinorarama: datya rekumaodzanyemba kweDarwin (Rhinoderma darwinii) uye datya rekuchamhembe reDarwin (Rhinoderma rufumImhuka inogara mumvura ine hutachiona, ine urefu hwemasendimita mashoma chete, inozivikanwa pasi rese nekuda kwekutarisira kwevabereki vechirume, izvo inozvarira vana mudumbu rayo kusvika vabuda vakagadzirwa zvizere.
Mhando dzose dziri mbiri dzakanyorwa muzvikamu zvinonyanya kukoshesa: "Yakaiswa munjodzi" kuna R. darwinii uye "Yakaiswa munjodzi huru" kuna R. rufumIyi yekupedzisira inofungidzirwa kuti iri mumamiriro ezvinhu anogona kutsakatika, sezvo pasina kuonekwa kwakasimbiswa kubvira pakutanga kwema1980. Chirongwa ichi chinofungidzira mamiriro ezvinhu aya uye chinoisa sechimwe chezvinangwa zvikuru. kuwanazve huwandu hunoshanda hwedatya remumiti rekuchamhembe uye zvinovandudza zvakanyanya mamiriro ekuchengetedzwa kwemarudzi ekumaodzanyemba.
RECOGE yakarongeka segwaro rehunyanzvi nerekutarisira rinobatanidza kuongororwa kwezvipenyu, ongororo dzekutyisidzira, zvinokosheswa munzvimbo uye zviito zvakasimba munguva pfupi, yepakati nerefuHarisi gwaro rekuzivisa chete, asi gwara rinobatanidza masangano akasiyana-siyana ehurumende nevatambi vane hunyanzvi kuti varongedze mabasa ekuchengetedza.
Kubva pamaonero eEurope, rudzi urwu rwekuronga runoyeuchidza nezve Zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza Mhuka Dziri Munjodzi izvo zvakagadzirwa mukati mehurongwa hweHabitats Directive kana kuti National Catalogues of Threatened Fauna: zvishandiso zvakakwana zvinosanganisa sainzi, mitemo uye manejimendi yenzvimbo kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti mhuka dzakakosha dzinorarama.
Nzira gumi nembiri dzekuita kuti kudzikira kwedambudziko iri kupere
Pfungwa huru yechirongwa cheRECOGE iri mu Mitsetse gumi nerimwe yezviito Matanho aya akagadzirirwa kugadzirisa panguva imwe chete zvinhu zvikuru zviri kukonzera kuti datya raDarwin ripere. Anopfuura dziviriro yepamutemo uye anosanganisira kupindira kwepachivande, shanduko dzehutungamiriri, uye kubatanidzwa kwenharaunda.
Pakati pezvinonyanya kukosha pane kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo dzekuberekeraNzvimbo dzakakosha uko kukanganiswa kwemasango, moto wemusango, kana mhuka dzinopinda zvinogona kukanganisa zvachose kuberekana kwemarudzi asara. Matanho ari kutariswawo ekuita izvi kudzorerwa kwezvakatipoteredza kwesango rekuchamhembe rine mamiriro ekunze, nharaunda yagara ichitambudzwa nekutemwa kwemiti, kuwedzera kurima nemasango pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa.
Chimwe chinhu chikuru chechirongwa ichi chakanangana ne kudzora zvirwere zvinotangaNekunyanya kutarisa chytridiomycosis, hutachiona hunokonzerwa nefungus inorwisa ganda remhuka dzinogara mumvura uye hwave huchibatanidzwa nekuderera kwevanhu pasi rose, RECOGE inokurudzira matanho ekutarisa, maitiro ehutano, uye nzira dzekutsvaga kuti vanzwisise zviri nani mashandiro echirwere ichi mumatatya aDarwin.
Chirongwa ichi chinozadzikiswa nezviito zve Dzidzo yezvakatipoteredza, kutaurirana uye kuziva, kuumbwa nekugadzirisa zvirongwa zvekutarisa, kusimbiswa kwesimba remasangano rekutarisira nzvimbo dzakakosha uye kudyidzana pakati penzvimbo kuti kubatanidzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwemhuka dzinogara mumvura mune mamwe maitiro everuzhinji (kuronga ivhu, kushandiswa kwevhu, kudzivirira moto, nezvimwewo).
Chishandiso chine rutsigiro rwepamutemo uye ongororo yehunyanzvi
Maitiro ekutonga kweRECOGE Plan haana kumboitika asina kukwira nekudzika kwayo. Chirevo chinochibvumidza, chakaonekwa se Nhamba 38 yeBazi reZvakatipoteredzaPakutanga yakabviswa muHofisi yeComptroller General pamwe chete nemitemo inopfuura makumi mana yezvakatipoteredza yakagara nhaka kubva kuMutungamiri wekare, sechikamu chemaitiro akakura ekuongorora pamutemo nehunyanzvi.
Kurega uku kwakakonzera kunetseka pakati pemasangano ezvakatipoteredza nemasangano akakosha, izvo zvakanyevera nezvenjodzi yekunonoka kusvika pakatanga kushanda kwezvishandiso zvakakosha zve kuchengetedzwa kwemarudzi nenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwaMunyaya chaiyo yedatya raDarwin, sangano risiri rehurumende rine zita rimwe chete nemamwe mapoka vakasimbirira kuti yaive nzira yekuongorora zvinhu nguva dzose pakutanga kwehutongi hutsva, asi vakakumbira kuti kudzorerwa kwaro kukosheswe nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo ichi.
Mushure mekuongorora uku, chirevo chaive yakatumirwazve kuHofisi yeComptroller Pakupedzisira, zvinonzi "mvumo" zvakaitika, chiito chinosimbisa zviri pamutemo chishandiso ichi uye chinobvumira kushandiswa kwacho zvinobudirira. Dare rinotarisira rakasimbisa kuti danho iri rinovimbisa kuti zviri muchirongwa ichi zvinosangana nemitemo inodiwa uye yehunyanzvi.
Bazi rezvezvakatipoteredza rakasimbisa kuti kubviswa kwechinguvana kwemitemo iyi kwaive chikamu chehurongwa hwekudzora hunhu, rudzi rwe "hurongwa hwekuongorora" hwemukati hwekuona kuti mutemo wega wega unosangana nezvinodiwa zvepamutemo zvedanho idzva rezvematongerwo enyika. Panguva imwe chete, rakasimbisa chinangwa charo cheku zvishoma nezvishoma kudzorerazve zvinyorwa zvezvakatipoteredza kana zvigadziriso izvozvo zvapera.
Ndiani anobatanidzwa mukutarisa nekushandisa
Chirongwa cheRECOGE hachivimbi nesangano rimwe chete, asi nesangano Monitoring Group Inobatanidza masangano everuzhinji akati wandei nevatambi vane hunyanzvi munyaya dzekuchengetedza. Chinangwa ndechekusanganisa hunyanzvi hwehutungamiriri, ruzivo rwesainzi, uye ruzivo rwekushanda mukuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana.
Pakati penhengo ndiiye pachake Bazi reZvakatipoteredza, pamwe chete neyakagadziridzwa munguva pfupi yapfuura Basa reKusiyana-siyana Kwezvipenyu Nenzvimbo Dzakachengetedzwa (SBAP), chikamu chakakumbirwa kuti chiite basa rakafanana neremasangano ezvakatipoteredza anoshanda muEuropean Union mukutarisira nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa nemhuka dziri munjodzi.
Zvakare zvinosanganisirwa Basa reKurima neZvipfuyo (SAG), nehunyanzvi mukuchengetedza mhuka dzesango nehutano hwemhuka, ku Zoo yeNyika yeMetropolitan Parkizvo zvinogona kupa ruzivo mukutarisira ex situation, uye Darwin's Frog Association, sangano rave richikurudzira zvidzidzo, mishandirapamwe yekuzivisa vanhu uye mazano ehunyanzvi ane chekuita nemhuka iyi kwemakore.
Kubatanidzwa kwesangano reNGO rakakosha muboka rekutarisa hurongwa kunobvumira kuiswa kwe ruzivo rwemumunda uye ruzivo rwakaunganidzwa mukutarisa nekudzidzisa zvakatipoteredza. Maitiro aya ekutonga pamwe chete akafanana neaya anosimudzirwa munyika zhinji dzemuEurope, uko masangano ekuchengetedza anoshandira pamwe zvakananga mukuita zvirongwa zvemarudzi.
Nzvimbo yekugara, kutyisidzira uye kudzorerwa kwesango rekuchamhembe rine mamiriro ekunze akadzikama
Nzvimbo yechisikigo yedatya raDarwin ine chekuita ne sango rekuchamhembe rine mamiriro ekunze akadzikama, rudzi rwesango rine hunyoro, rine zvinomera zvakawanda zvemuno, ivhu rakapfuma mumashizha nenzizi dzemvura dzakachena, izvo zvinogadzira hunyoro nemamiriro ekunze anodiwa kuti mhuka dzemumvura dzirarame.
Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, mamiriro ezvinhu aya akachinjwa zvakanyanya ne shanduko dzekushandiswa kwevhu, kutsiviwa kwemasango emuno nemiti yesango, kuwedzera kurima nekuvaka zvivakwaPamusoro pezvo, moto wemasango haungoparadzi sango zvakananga chete, asi unowedzerawo kupatsanura nzvimbo dziripo, zvichikanganisa kubatana pakati pevanhu.
Chirongwa cheRECOGE chinofunga kuti, pasina kupindira kwakasimba mukugadziriswa kwemasango ane mamiriro ekunze anopisa, zvimwe zviito zvichava nemigumisiro mishoma. Nokudaro, chimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvaro i kudzoreredza uye kutarisira nharaunda iyi, zvichikurudzira kudzorerwa kwemarudzi emhuka dzemuno, kudzora mhando dzemhuka dzisiri dzemuno uye kuchengetedzwa kwakananga kwenzvimbo dzinozivikanwa kuti dzinorarama manyuchi ekupedzisira ematatya.
Kubva pamaonero ekuenzanisa, nzira iyi inoyeuchidza nezvenzira dzekuEurope dze kudzorerwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara dzakakoshauko kusina kukwana kuzivisa nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa papepa, asi pane zviito zviri pasi, mari yakagadzikana uye kutarisa kwakasimba kwezvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa kuti kudzorere shure kwemakumi emakore ekuora kwezvinhu.
Zvirwere, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, nezvimwe zvinonetsa pamhando dzemhuka
Pamusoro pekurasikirwa nenzvimbo dzekugara uye kupatsanuka, datya raDarwin rinotarisana nematambudziko akawanda. Chimwe chezvinonyanya kukonzera datya iri idambudziko guru. chytridiomycosis, chirwere chinotapukira chinokonzerwa nefungus inogara muganda remhuka dzinogara mumvura nepanyika, zvichikanganisa kufema kwavo ganda uye kuenzana kwemvura.
Utachiona uhu hwakaonekwa kuti ndihwo huri kukonzera kuparara kwemarudzi emhuka dzinogara mumvura munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzepasi. Panyaya yedatya raDarwin, chirongwa ichi chinokurudzira Simbisai masisitimu ekutarisa hutano, gadzirai mitemo yekuchengetedza hutano munzvimbo dzebasa remumunda nenzvimbo dzekutarisira, uye kugadzira nzira dzekutsvaga dzinoita kuti tinzwisise zviri nani kuti chirwere ichi chinopararira sei uye matanho api anogona kuderedza migumisiro yacho.
Kushushikana uku kwehutano kunowedzerwa ne dambudziko remamiriro ekunzeKuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunochinja maitiro ekupisa uye mamiriro ekunaya kwemvura, zvichichinja kuwanikwa kwemvura uye hunyoro hwemasango. Izvi zvinogona kuwedzera kuwanda kwezvirwere uye kuderedza hunhu hwenzvimbo dzinogara mhuka dzinogara mumvura dzinonyanya kuvimba nenzvimbo dzine hunyoro.
Chirongwa ichi chinoonawo zvimwe zvinhu zvine chekuita nazvo, zvakaita se kuvapo kwemarudzi ezvisikwa zvekunze zvinopararira, kusvibiswa kwenzira dzemvura, mamwe maitiro ekugadzira zvinhu munharaunda yemasango emuno uye kuwedzera kwekumanikidzwa kwevanhu munzvimbo dzaionekwa sedzakaparadzana kusvika munguva pfupi yapfuura.
Zvinangwa zvekuchengetedza: kubva pakudzivirira kutsakatika kusvika pakuvandudza mamiriro evanhu
RECOGE inogadza maonero akajeka: kudzivirira kunyangarika kwedatya rekuchamhembe kweDarwin uye kubvisa mhuka dzekumaodzanyemba kubva pakuva panjodzi huru iripo iye zvino. Kuti izvi zviitike, inoisa zvinangwa zvepakati kubva kuwanikwa patsva kwevanhu zvinoonekwa sezvisingachaonekwi kusvika nzvimbo yekugara yasimbiswa yawedzera.
Zvikurukuru, chirongwa ichi chine chinangwa chekuendesa datya reSouthern Darwin kuchikamu chenjodzi shoma pane runyorwa rwekuchengetedzwa kwemhuka munguva yepakati, izvo zvinoreva kuti vanhu vakagadzikana uye vakabatana zviri nani vane njodzi dziri naniPanyaya yeR. rufum, chinangwa chikuru ndechekusimbisa kana ichiripo musango uye, kana zvakadaro, kushandisa hurongwa hwakasimba hwematanho ekudzivirira.
Zvinangwa izvi hazvingogumiri pachikamu chehupenyu chete. Gwaro iri rinosimbisa kudiwa kwe kuvaka hunyanzvi hwemasangano, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mari inogara kwenguva refu uye kubatanidza zvirongwa zvekutarisa zvinobvumira kuongororwa, neruzivo rwakasimba, rwekuti zviito zvakaitwa zviri kupa mhedzisiro here.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, zano iri rinotsvaga kusimbisa kukosha kwechiratidzo chedatya raDarwin se mhando huru dze Kusiyana-siyana kwemarudzi eChile, muchimiro chezvinoitika muEurope neIberian lynx, bere rebrown reCantabrian kana dzimwe shiri dzinodya nyama, dzine kuchengetedzwa kunosanganisira kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo dzose dzekugara nemarudzi adzo.
Nekusimbiswa kwechirongwa cheRECOGE neComptroller's Office uye kuitwa kwacho pasi pehutungamiriri hweBazi reZvakatipoteredza nemasangano akabatana, Darwin's Dad yawana mukana waive wakamirira kwemakore padanho repamutemo nerekutonga; ikozvino dambudziko nderekushandura hurongwa ihwohwo hwemitemo kuita zviito zvinogara zviripo pasi, nezviwanikwa zvakakwana, kutariswa kwesainzi uye kutora chikamu munharaunda, kuitira kuti iyi amphibian diki inonakidza nharaunda yesainzi isadzikiswe kuva ndangariro mumabhuku enhoroondo yezvisikwa.