Munhu wese anofanira kufarira chimwe chinhu.Kuva nezvinhu zvinokuvaraidza, zvinangwa, kana mapurojekiti anoita kuti hupenyu hwako huve nechinangwa uye anokukurudzira kuti uvandudze kwakakosha. Kana chido ichocho chakavakirwa pakufungisisa nerusununguko, chinowanzova hunhu hwechokwadi: kudzidza nechido, kubatanidzwa mune zvemagariro evanhu, kutevera timu, kana kukudziridza zvekunamata zvinogona kuva zvinhu zvinokurudzira zvakanaka.
Dambudziko rinomuka kana chido ichocho chikanyanya uye chikava chakazara...kusvika pakudzvinyirira kufunga zvakadzama, kutonga maitiro, uye kuputsa chokwadi. Panguva iyoyo, hatichatauri nezvekufarira kana kuzvipira, asi nezvekushingaira: rudzi rwakanyanya rwekutevedzera runoshanda semuiti wepfungwa dzako nerusununguko rwemukati.
Chii chinonzi chitendero che "fanism" uye chinobva kupi?
Kufarira zvinhu zvakanyanya mafungiro ekuomerera kune chimwe chinhu, munhu, dzidziso, kana boka asingazununguki uye asina miganhu.Izvi zvinoperekedzwa nekudzivirira zvakanyanya uye zvisina musoro kwezvinonamatwa. Hazvisi zvekungoda chimwe chinhu zvakanyanya, asi zvinosanganisira kuzvipira zvakanyanya kunobvisa pfungwa dzisina musoro, kunodzivisa kusava nechokwadi, uye kunoita kuti munhu asakanganiswa nekutsoropodzwa kana ruzivo rwakasiyana.
Chinhu chekare zvikuru uye chakajairika pasi roseInoonekwa mutsika dzese nenguva dzekare (dzakadai se varoyi veSalemKunyangwe muuzivi hwekare, njodzi dzezvitendero zvisingachinji uye pfungwa dzakavharika pasinei nekusiyana-siyana dzaikurukurwa. Izvi hazvisi chinhu chakanangana nechero chitendero chimwe chete, nyika, kana mafungiro, asi pane mukana wepfungwa dzemunhu kana dzichitsvaga chokwadi chakazara.
Izwi iri rinobva pashoko rechiLatin rokuti "fanaticus", rakabatana nerokuti "fanum" (temberi)., uye pakutanga raireva avo vaiva nemweya kana kuti vakafuridzirwa namwari (zviitiko zvekusafara kwevanhu vakawanda zvakaita se madhimoni eLoudunMunzvimbo dzekunamatira dzeRoma yekare, vanhu vainamata Mwari zvakanyanya vaiungana, vachitora kuzvipira kwavo kwechitendero zvakanyanya. Kubva apa ndipo pakabva izwi rekuti "mupengo" kutsanangura munhu anorarama chero chitendero kana chinangwa nekuzvipira kwakasimba uye kwakanyanyisa, sekunge mwari anofanira kunamatwa pasina mubvunzo.
Nhasi tinoshandisa "kunyanyisa" kutsanangura kudzivirira pfungwa, boka, kana munhu zvakanyanya, zvisina musoro, uye zvisina tsananguro.Munhu anonyanyisa haangofariri chimwe chinhu chete: anochiisa pamusoro pezvose, ochiita kuti chive chinhu chake, uye anonzwa kuti kuchirwisa kunovarwisa. Kutonga kwavo kunosiyana kubva pakusava nemaonero akanaka kusvika pakuva vasingadi nharo, humbowo, kana hurukuro dzine musoro.
Kunyanya kufarira zvinhu kunogona kuonekwa munzvimbo dzakawanda: chitendero, zvematongerwo enyika, mitambo, tsika, mafandomu evaimbikunyangwe maererano nemararamiro, mafungiro anoita seasina chekuita nechitendero, kana maonero asingawirirane nechitendero. Hazvifanirwe kuvhiringidzwa nekuvimbika kana kubatanidzwa mukutsoropodza: ​​kutevera pati, kuita chitendero, kana kutsigira kirabhu chimwe chinhu, asi kurega zvachose kuzvitsoropodza nekushivirira chimwe chinhu chakasiyana zvachose.
Hunhu hwepfungwa hwemunhu anonyanyisa
Kunyanya kufarira zvinhu hakusi kungotevedzera pfungwa chete, asi inzira yekufunga, kunzwa, uye kuita zvinhuInotevera ipfupiso yezviratidzo zvakajairika zvekufunga kwevanyanyisi, sezvinotsanangurwa nepfungwa, uzivi, uye ongororo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemagariro evanhu.
Hunhu hwekutanga ichokwadi chekuti munhu akaruramaMunhu anonyanyisa kutenda anorarama zvitendero zvake sechokwadi chisingachinjiki, chakasimbiswa, chisingabvumiri ongororo kana kusava nechokwadi. Zvakaoma zvikuru kuti vabvunze kana vangave vakarasika kana kuti vakarerekera; kuzvitsoropodza hakusipo zvachose.
Zvichienderana nezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kazhinji pane kusakwanisa kubvuma kuti vamwe vanogona kunge vaine zvavanofunga.Chero chipi zvacho chinotsauka kubva pakuona kwavo chinoonekwa sechenhema, chinonyengera, kana kuti chine utsinye, kazhinji pasina kuongororwa kwakazara. Manzwiro nekuzvikudza zvinoonekwa kupfuura chokwadi kana kufunga, uye chero kupikisa kunoitika sekurwiswa kwemunhu pachake.
Chimwe chinhu chinotsanangura maonero akasiyana-siyana echokwadiMutema kana muchena, shamwari kana vavengi, vanovimbika kana vatengesi. Hapana nzvimbo yekutaura zvinhu zvisina musoro, zvinhu zvidiki, kana kuti nzvimbo yepakati. Kusiyana kwemaonero, kunyangwe kuri kudiki, kunowedzerwa uye kunoiswa padivi rakasiyana, sekunge kusawirirana kwese kuri kutyisidzira.
Kunyanyisa kunobudirirawo nekuzvipira kwekuzvipiraInoramba iripo kunyangwe ichikonzera kukuvara kuri pachena kuhupenyu hwemunhu kana hwemagariro evanhu. Pane kugadziriswa kana paine matambudziko, inogona kusimbiswa kuburikidza nenzira dzakadai sekusanzwisisana kwepfungwa: munhu paanonyanya kutambura nekuda kwechikonzero, ndipo paanonyanya kuzviruramisa uye kuzvisimbisa ("kana ndikatsungirira zvakanyanya nekuda kweizvi, zvinofanira kunge zvakadaro nekuti ndicho chinhu chakakosha").
Vanhu vazhinji vane hunhu hwekuzvikudza vanoratidza hunhu hwekusasimba kwekuzvikudza uye kusachengeteka.Chikonzero kana boka ravanopinda naro rinozadza nzvimbo isina chinhu mukati: kushaya chivimbo, kunzwa kwekusurukirwa, dambudziko rekuzivikanwa, kana kuoma kushivirira kusava nechokwadi. Kuzvipira kwakazara kunoshanda senzvimbo yekupotera kubva mukutya rusununguko uye mutoro wemunhu.
Kubva pamaonero epfungwa, kukanganiswa kwepfungwa kwakajairika kunowanikwa mukufunga kwakanyanyisa.: kutaura zvinhu zvisina kunaka ("munhu wese ari muboka iroro akafanana"), kubatwa zvisina kunaka zvakanyanya ("tinotambudzwa nekuda kwekutaura chokwadi"), kusagadzikana kwepfungwa, tsika yekusimbisa chete data rinoenderana nemaonero ako uye kuramba kana kuzvidza zvimwe zvese.
Maitiro akajairika ekushingaira
Kufarira chitendero hakugari mupfungwa; kunoshanduka kuita maitiro anozivikanwa izvo zvinogona kukuvadza zvikuru. Kunyange hazvo vasiri vese vanofarira chisimba, maitiro avo anowanzo dzokorora zvimwe zvinhu.
Hunhu hunonyanya kuzivikanwa kuedza kumanikidza vamwe kuti vafunge nezvemaonero avo.Hazvina kukwana kutenda kuti wakarurama: zvinoonekwa sechisungo cheku "vhura maziso evamwe vese" uye kuvatungamira ku "chokwadi." Muchokwadi, izvi zvinoshandura kuva kutaura kweudzvinyiriri, nharo dzehasha, kusaremekedza maonero anopikisa, uye kunyengetedza kusina kunaka kunogumira pakumanikidza.
Muzviitiko zvakakomba, kumanikidzwa kunogona kutora chimiro chemhirizhongaHondo zhinji, zvirongwa zvemagandanga, uye kucheneswa kwemadzinza zvakakurudzirwa nepfungwa dzechitendero, dzezvematongerwo enyika, kana dzepfungwa dzinoita kuti muvengi asave munhu. Nekuona vamwe se "vasingatendi," "vanhu vasiri pasi pevanhu," zvinova nyore kururamisa utsinye.
Kunewo mhando diki dzekurwisa.Izvi zvinosanganisira kutukwa nekutyisidzirwa pasocial media, kusawirirana pakati pevateveri vezvikwata zvakasiyana, uye kurwiswa kwemapoka anoshorwa. Kunyangwe zvikasaguma nenjodzi, zvinosimudzira ruvengo uye kupatsanurana kwevanhu zvinoparadza kugara pamwe chete.
Imwe tsika yakajairika ndeyekuvaka muvengi chaiyeNyika yakakamurwa kuva "isu" uye "ivo," uye zvese zvakaipa zvinokonzerwa neboka rinopikisa: huori, kuora kwetsika, matambudziko ehupfumi, kusachengeteka, nezvimwewo. Kusawirirana uku kunobvumira tsitsi kudziviswa uye kunoita kuti munhu aonekwe semunhu anonyadzisa.
Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, kushingairira kunoonekwa mukunyanya kuda zvinhu zvemunhu mumwe chete.Munhu anonyanya kufarira zvinhu zvakawanda anotaura zvinhu zvakafanana nguva dzose: chitendero chake, mafungiro ake, timu yake, muimbi waanoda, kana chinangwa chake. Hukama hwavo hwemagariro evanhu hunowanzo tenderera pavanhu vane shungu dzakafanana, uye vanogona kutozviparadzanisa neshamwari kana mhuri dzisingabvumirani nepfungwa dzavo.
Hazvishamisi kuti vanhu vakawanda vaonekwe vachifarira kutendeutsa vanhu.Munhu anonyanyisa anoramba achiedza kuwana vateveri, achishandisa hurukuro yega yega "kuparidza." Izvi zvinokanganisa hukama uye zvinowanzoenderana nekushaya hunyanzvi hwekushamwaridzana: hunyanzvi hwekuteerera husina kunaka, tsitsi shoma, kuoma kukakavadzana pasina kurwisa, uye matambudziko ekukumbira ruregerero kana kubvumirana.
Dzidziso yedzidziso, Manichaeism, uye udzvinyiriri
Kana chimiro chepfungwa chekushingaira chikaongororwa zvakanyanya, panowanzoonekwa mbiru nhatu huru.Kuda zvinhu zvisina musoro, hunhu hweManichaeism, uye maitiro eudzvinyiriri. Zvinhu izvi zvinodzokororwa muchitendero nezvematongerwo enyika pamwe chete nedzimwe nzvimbo.
Kusadavira dzidziso dzenhema kunosanganisira kutenda munhevedzano yezvokwadi zvakakwana. izvo zvisingade kururamiswa kana humbowo. Izvi hazvisi zvitendero zvine musoro, asi zvirevo zvisingabatwi zvinotsigirwa "nekuda kwekuti," netsika, nekuratidzwa, kana nechiremera chemutungamiriri kana rugwaro. Kusava nechokwadi kupi zvako kunoonekwa sekupandukira kana chiratidzo chekushaya simba.
Kunyepedzera kuti zvinhu hazvina kunaka kunoita kuti chokwadi chive mativi maviri asingawirirane.Zvakanaka nezvakaipa, zvakachena uye zvakaora, "mumwe wedu" uye "mumwe wenyika." Kusiyana kwevanhu kunoiswa muzvikamu zviri nyore, zvinopikisana, zvichititadzisa kunzwisisa mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, nhoroondo dzevanhu, kana mamiriro ezvinhu ari pakati nepakati. Pfungwa dzinova dzisina kunaka, kunyangwe munhu ane maonero aya achizvinzwa ari nani pane vamwe.
Hudzvanyiriri hunozviratidza sechishuwo chekumanikidza munhu kuti aite zvaanofunga. kune vamwe, kungave mumhuri, muboka, munharaunda, kana padanho remasangano. Mikana yekuti pfungwa dzakasiyana dzigare dzakaenzana haigoneki; kusawirirana kunonetsa, hakugadzikane, uye kunoonekwa sekutyisidzira kunofanira kunyaradzwa, kurangwa, kana kudzingwa.
Pamusoro pezvose izvi pane kusashivirirana kwakasimba kwemusiyanoChero chinhu chipi zvacho chisiri chetsika—chitendero chakasiyana, maonero akasiyana epabonde, tsika dzakasiyana, maonero akasiyana—chinoonekwa neruzvidzo, kutya, kana ruvengo. Pane kuona chimwe chinhu semukana wekudzidza chimwe chinhu, kuvimbika kwavo, uye kazhinji chiremera chavo, zvinorambwa.
Vazivi vazhinji vakanyevera kuti kunyanyisa kunokanganisa kufambira mberi kwezivoNepfungwa dzakavharika uye dzinoda kusimbiswa, kufambira mberi kwepfungwa kwakaoma: pfungwa itsva dzicharambwa zvachose, mibvunzo isina kugadzikana ichadziviswa, uye hunyanzvi hucharangwa. Kwakatonga vanhu vakawanda, hupenyu hwemagariro evanhu netsika hunova hurombo uye hunomira.
Nzvimbo nemarudzi ekushingaira
Kufarira zvinhu zvakanyanya kunogona kurongwa zvichienderana nechinhu chakanangana nacho.Kunyange zvazvo chimiro chepfungwa chakafanana, nzvimbo yachinoratidzirwa inochinja zvikuru: kuva mupenyi wechitendero hakuna kufanana nekuva mupenyi wenhabvu, kunyangwe paine zvinhu zvakafanana mune zvese zviri zviviri.
Pamwe chete nekushingaira kwechitendero, kunewo kushingairira chitendero.Muchiitiko ichi, ruvengo runonangidzirwa kuvatendi kana masangano ezvitendero, zvichiramba kukosha kwechitendero chavo uye zvichivaona semashura, vane njodzi, kana kuti vasina kuvimbika. Iimwe nzira yekusashivirira, kunyangwe ichivharwa nemutauro unoita seune musoro.
Kushingairira zvematongerwo enyika kwakavakirwa papfungwa, mapato, kana vatungamiriri. Pfungwa idzi dzinoonekwa sedzisingapokane. Vanhu vane hunhu hwechivanhu vanonzi vanamwari, kushungurudzwa kunoruramiswa "nechikonzero," uye zvinokakavadzwa kuti chirongwa ichi ndicho chega nzira yepamutemo. Kuzivikanwa kweruboshwe kana kurudyi hakunyanyi kukosha kupfuura kufunga kwakavharika uye kusakwanisa kubvuma zvikanganiso.
Kunewo kunyanyisa kwetsikaRudzi urwu rwekunyanyisa runoramba rwuri patsika dzechivanhu dzemunharaunda kusvika pakurambidza chero mukana wekuchinja kana pesvedzero yekunze. Mamwe mararamiro, tsika, kana mafungiro anoonekwa senjodzi dzinofanira kubviswa. Rudzi urwu rwekunyanyisa runogona kukurudzira rusaruraganda, ruvengo rwevatorwa, kana mutauro werudzi.
Kufarira mitambo kunoonekwa zvakanyanya muhupenyu hwezuva nezuvaHapana chakaipa nekuva nechido nechikwata, asi kana kukwikwidzana kuchichinja kuva ruvengo, hutsinye, kana chisimba pakati pevateveri, tinenge tichitarisana nepfungwa dzekushingaira. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, mhedzisiro yemutambo inoita seyakarurama pakutuka, kurwa, kana kunyange njodzi.
Pakupedzisira, pane nyaya yekunyanya kukoshesa vanhu vakasiyana....vakaita sevanyori vemifananidzo, vanhu vane simba, vatambi, kana vatungamiriri vechitendero. Kuzvipira kune munhu anoyemurwa kunogona kutungamira mukuita kwavo zvinhu zvakanaka, kuramba zvikanganiso zvavo, kururamisa maitiro anokuvadza, uye, muzviitiko zvakanyanya, kuita zviito zvakakomba, zvakaita sekupondwa kwechidhori nemuteveri akarasika achitsvaga mukurumbira kana kubatana naye.
Mavambo emunhu uye emagariro evanhu ekushingaira
Kufarira zvinhu zvakanyanya hakungoerekana kwaitika, uye hakusi "jini" rinozvarwa naro.Izvi zvinobva mukudyidzana kuripo pakati pekusasimba kwemunhu uye mamiriro ezvinhu munharaunda anotsigira zvinzvimbo zvakanyanyisa. Nhoroondo yemunhu uye mamiriro ezvinhu ekare zvine simba guru.
Vanhu vazhinji vanombonzwa vasina chinhu, vachishungurudzika, kana kuti vasina kugadzikana.Kusazviremekedza, kurambwa, matambudziko ehupenyu, kana kuchinja nekukurumidza kwavasingakwanise kugadzirisa zvinogona kuvaita kuti vatsvage nzvimbo yekupotera mumazano akaomarara uye mapoka akavharwa. Pfungwa dzevanonyanya kuda zvinhu zvakawanda dzinopa hunhu, kuva werudzi rumwe chete, uye tsananguro iri nyore yekurwadziwa kwavo.
Semuenzaniso, Erich Fromm, akatsanangura kushingairira sekutiza rusununguko nenzira inodzosera shure.Hupenyu hwemazuva ano hunoda kuita sarudzo, kutora mabasa, uye kurarama usina chokwadi, chinhu chisingatenderwe nemunhu wese. Kunamatira kudzidziso dzakasimba kana mutungamiriri anokuitira sarudzo kunoderedza kuzvidya mwoyo kunobva mukunzwa uri wega uye usina dziviriro.
Kuyaruka uye vechidiki inhanho dzinonyanya kuomaMumakore aya, vanhu vanotsvaga vanhu vanotevedzera, mapoka evanotarisirwa, uye zvikonzero zvekuzivikanwa nazvo. Avo vanonzwa sevasingakosheswi, vakaparadzaniswa, kana kuti vasina kugadzikana vanogona kutorwa nemapoka, mafambiro echisimba, kana mapoka evanyengeri anovapa nzvimbo nechinangwa, kunyangwe zvichiparadza.
Mhuri nenzvimbo ine tsika zvine basa guruwoKukura munzvimbo dzakaoma, dzine hurukuro dzakazara neruvengo kune "mumwe" kana nenhoroondo yekushingaira, kunowedzera njodzi yekudzokorodza maitiro aya. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, kushingaira kunodzidzwa kubva pakuzvarwa, senzira "yakajairika" yekuona zvematongerwo enyika kana chitendero.
Kune rumwe rutivi, zvinhu zvepfungwa zvinogona kubatsira pakuita mamwe mabasa ekushingaira.Semuenzaniso, basa redopamine—neurotransmitter inobatanidzwa nekunakidzwa nekudzidza—rakadzidzwa mukutsvaga zviitiko zvakasimba uye zvisingatarisirwi. Mibayiro mikuru yemanzwiro (kukunda kusingatarisirwi, chiito cheushingi cheboka, kubudirira mune zvematongerwo enyika) inogona kusimbisa uropi hunokurudzira kudzokorora zviitiko izvozvo kakawanda.
Kudzokorora "mibairo" iyi kunoita kuti pave netsika dzepfungwa dzakaoma kurega.Kana nguva imwe neimwe muvengi akatukwa, chiito chikuru chikatorwa, kana chiitiko chikuru chikaitika, uwandu hwemufaro neruzivo zvikagamuchirwa, uropi hunodzidza kubatanidza kushingairira nemubairo, zvichiita kuti zviome kuramba maitiro iwayo mune ramangwana.
Matanho ekuoma uye mhedzisiro pamunhu
Kufarira zvinhu zvakanyanya hakusi nguva dzose kunosvika padanho rakaenzana resimba.Tinogona kufungidzira senzira inoenderera mberi kubva pazvimiro zvisina kusimba, zviripo muvanhu vangangodaro vachishanda, kusvika kune zvinosvika pakuvhiringidzika kwepfungwa kana kuti zvakabatana nemaitiro ehunhu asina kurongeka zvakanyanya.
Padanho repakati nepakati, kushingairira kunogona kuganhurirwa kune kusachinjika kwepfungwa.Kusawirirana kunowanzoitika, kusawirirana kwevanhu, uye kuoma kudzidza kubva pane zvakaitika zvinoitika. Munhu wacho anoramba achishanda zvakanaka mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzehupenyu hwake, kunyange hazvo hukama hwavo huchikanganiswa uye kukura kwavo pachavo kuchikanganiswa.
Muzviitiko zvakakomba, kushushikana kunova kunenge kuchiita kuti munhu azvidye mwoyo uye kunorwadza.Hupenyu hunotenderera pachinangwa; zvimwe zvinhu zvinofarirwa zvinosiyiwa, uye avo vasingazvigovani vanobviswa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kusanganiswa kwehunhu hwechido nehunhu husina kunaka (sekurwara kwepfungwa) kunogona kutungamira kuhunhu hune njodzi huru.
Kuva chikamu chemapoka ehudzvanyiriri kana mapoka evapenyu kazhinji kunotungamira kurudzi rwe "hupenyu huviri"Munhu wacho anenge akaparadzana pakati penyika yemukati mesangano—nemitemo yaro, matunhu, nemutauro—nenharaunda yemagariro evanhu. Nyika mbiri idzi dzinowanzo kusawirirana, zvichikonzera kusawirirana, nhema, uye kupera zvishoma nezvishoma kwekutonga kwakazvimirira.
Nekufamba kwenguva, hunhu hunobatana zvakanyanya nechikonzero zvekuti chero kuedza kupi zvako kwekutsoropodza kunoitika sekurwiswa kunouraya.Izvi zvinoita kuti zviomere munhu anoda chitendero kukumbira rubatsiro kana kufunga nezvekuchinja: mukuona kwavo, kusiya chikonzero kwakafanana nekuzvisiya, zvichivasiya vasina kupfeka uye vasina zvazvinoreva. Ndosaka kuedza "kurapa" kuda chitendero kuti chive nemoyo murefu, ruremekedzo, uye maitiro akadzama ekugadzirisa mafungiro nemanzwiro emunhu.
Kunyange zvakadaro, kugona kweuropi kuita zvinhu nenzira yakarongeka uye kugona kwevanhu kudzidza zvinovapa tariro.Kana mamiriro ekukurukurirana akachengeteka agadzirwa, kusangana kwakanaka ne "mumwe" kunosimudzirwa, uye nzvimbo dzinogadzirwa apo munhu anonzwa achikosheswa pasina chikonzero chekupandukira, zvinokwanisika kuderedza kushingairira uye kuwanazve maonero ane hutano uye akazaruka.
Kufarira chitendero zvakanyanya musanganiswa wekusagadzikana, kuda kuva wevamwe, kusanzwisisana kwepfungwa, uye mamiriro ezvinhu anokonzera kupatsanurana.Kunzwisisa mashandiro ayo, kuziva zviratidzo zvayo, uye kukudziridza dzidzo yakakosha, kushivirira, uye tsitsi matanho akakosha ekuona kuti chido chevanhu hachizove simba rinoparadza, asi simba rekushandira rusununguko uye kugara pamwe chete kwakarurama.