Rwendo rwesainzi mu Gungwa reArgentina yakaburitsa pachena imwe yemhuka dzisinganzwisisike zvikuru dzegungwa rakadzika: a hove hombe yejellyfish yechipokoZvakakura zvekuti nyanzvi dzinozvienzanisa nebhazi rechikoro. Kuwanikwa uku, kusingawanzoitiki kunyangwe pasi rose, kunoratidza kupfuma kwemvura yeSouth Atlantic.
Kuonekwa kweizvi Stygiomedusa gigantea, rudzi rusingamboonekwi munzvimbo yarwo yechisikigo, rwakaitika panguva dzinopfuura 250 metres yakadzika pagomo reArgentina. Kune vesainzi, izvi zvinoratidza pachena kuti, pasi pegungwa rinoita serinogadzikana, pane nyika yezvisikwa zvipenyu zvatiri kutanga kunzwisisa.
Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo jellyfish hombe yakawanikwa pagomo reArgentina
Kuwanikwa kwacho kwakaitika panguva yerwendo "Hupenyu hwakanyanyisa"chirongwa chakabatana che CONICET and the Yunivhesiti yeBuenos Aires (UBA) vakafamba neSouth Atlantic vari muchikepe cherabhoritari R/V Falkor (zvakare)Mushandirapamwe uyu wakaitika pakati Zvita 2025 uye Ndira 2026, munzira yaibatanidza chiteshi chengarava cheBuenos Aires neTierra del Fuego, ichiyambuka nzvimbo dzisina kunyatsoongororwa dzeArgentina Ocean.
Pane imwe yenzvimbo huru dzerwendo, timu yesainzi yakaona Stygiomedusa gigantea kune vamwe 253 metres yakadzikaMuenzaniso wacho wakawanikwa mu kondinendi materu, nzvimbo ine mvura iri pasi pemvura uko pasi pegungwa pakadzika zvakanyanya uye uko chiedza chezuva chisinganyatsosviki, zvichiita kuti pave nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kudzidza.
Chiitiko chacho, chakanyorwa zvakadzama, chakaratidza jellyfish ichifamba zvishoma nezvishoma, ichitsvaira, nepo dzimwe nguva hove diki dzerudzi rweCentrolophus Vakashambira vachitenderedza bhero rayo. Kune nyanzvi, mufananidzo unoratidza kuti mhuka iyi inogonawo kushanda senzvimbo yekupotera kana yekuunganirana kwemamwe marudzi egungwa rakadzika.
Mukuru wesainzi werwendo, MarÃa Emilia BravoAkasimbisa kuti kuwanikwa kwacho kwakanga kusiri kungotarisirwa chete, asi kwakapfuurawo zvaitarisirwa maererano nehukuru hwacho. Kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu muGungwa reArgentina rakadzikaSezvaakatsanangura, kuona zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadaro kunovhura "hwindo" kune zvisikwa izvo zvisingazivikanwi zvishoma nezvazvo.
Hofori yegungwa: saizi uye hunhu hweStygiomedusa gigantea
Mutambi mukuru wenyaya iyi ndewerudzi rwemhuka, pasinei nehukuru hwayo, rusingamboonekwi. Stygiomedusa gigantea Inoonekwa seimwe ye Jellyfish inoshamisa yegungwa rakadzika uye, sevamwe marine invertebrates, inogona kusvika pahukuru hwakasiyana-siyana Hurefu hwese hwemamita gumi kusvika gumi nemaviriChifananidzo chakaonekwa muGungwa reArgentina chakafungidzirwa kuti chaive pedyo 11 mamita, mufananidzo unokurudzira kuenzanisa ne bhazi rechikoro kana bhazi diki.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kushamisa nezvemhuka iyi ndechekuti maoko mana emuromo, zvivakwa zvakafara uye zvakareba zvinogona kusvika 10 mamitaKusiyana nehove inonzi jellyfish inozivikanwa nevanhu vanogeza, maoko aya Hadzina matende anobayaPane kudaro, vanoumba rudzi rwejira guru kana chifukidziro chinoshandiswa nejellyfish bata plankton nehove diki.
Chikamu chepamusoro chemuviri, chinozivikanwa se campana, inogona kusvika inenge mita imwe chete mudhayamitaMusanganiswa uyu webhero rakakura nemaoko marefu unogadzira chimiro chinoshamisa, chinenge chidiki-diki chinoita sechisikwa chisingaoneki. Izvi zvinotsanangura zvishoma zita remadunhurirwa rekuti "hombe hove yejellyfish" iyo inozivikanwa zvikuru.
Kubva pamaonero ehupenyu, kusavapo kwetambo dzinobaya uye kuvapo kwemaoko aya elamellar zvinoratidza imwe nzira yekudya yakasiyana Kusiyana nedzimwe hove dzinonzi jellyfish, hove yeStygiomedusa inoita seinofukidza nekusefa mhuka dzayo pamusoro pemuviri wayo mukuru, pane kumirira kuti mhuka iyi isvire matende ane uturu.
Nezvemaitiro ayo, i mhando dzemvura yakadzika inogara munzvimbo abyssal uko chiedza chiri chidiki zvikuru kana kuti chisipo. Nzvimbo iyi, pamwe chete nekuoma kwevanhu kuwana, inobatsira kutsanangura kuti nei, pasinei nehukuru hwayo, chiri chipenyu chisingawanzoonekwi.
Rudzi rusingaonekwe: zvinyorwa kubva pasi rese
Kusawanzoonekwa kwechinhu ichi hakusi kuwedzeredza. Sezvo chakatanga kutsanangurwa nesainzi mu 1910la Stygiomedusa gigantea Zvakanyorwa chete pamusoro Ka130 pasi roseTichifunga nezvemakore anopfuura zana ekutsvaga, mufananidzo uyu unopa pfungwa yekuti zvinoshamisa sei kuuwana.
Nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti kushomeka uku kwezvinyorwa hazvirevi kuti mhando dzemhuka idzi hadziwanzowaniki zvakanyanya, asi kuti zvinoratidza mukana mudiki wekupinda mugungwa rakadzikaZvizhinji zvezvisikwa zviri munzvimbo idzi hazvigone kuonekwa zvakananga, kunyanya munzvimbo dziri kure nenzira dzekutengeserana kana dzevashanyi.
Panyaya yeGungwa reArgentina, chinyorwa chitsva chinosimbisa pfungwa yekuti mvura idzi dzinoshanda se nzvimbo yekupotera yemarudzi asingazivikanwe zvakanyanyaKuonekwa kwemhuka yakasiyana kudaro munzvimbo iyi hakungopfumisi chete macatalog emhuka, asiwo kunopa dzimwe nharo dzekudzidza zvakawanda nezve zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvegungwa zveSouth Atlantic.
Kune vaongorori, kusangana kwega kwega neStygiomedusa gigantea kunova mukana wekuvandudza fungidziro pamusoro pezvayo kugoverwa, zvakatipoteredza uye maitiroZvinhu zvakaita sekudzika kwekuona, tembiricha yemvura, kana kuvapo kwezvimwe zvipenyu zvine chekuita nazvo zvakakosha pakuvakazve basa razvinoita muzvinhu zvipenyu.
Kuparadzirwa kwemifananidzo iyi, iyo yakapararira nekukurumidza kuburikidza nemasocial network nenhau, kwakabatsirawo mukutanga kwe zvido zvevanhu vose nerudzi rwemhuka dzisingawanzo kurumbira mumapepanhau, sezvazviri zvisikwa zviri kure nepamusoro uye mahombekombe.
Tekinoroji iri kushanda pakutsvaga Gungwa reArgentina
Kurekodhwa kwejellyfish hombe kwakaitwa kuti kukwanisike nekuda kwekushandiswa kwe mota inofamba iri kure (ROV) SuBastianrobhoti repasi pemvura remazuva ano rinogona kudzika kusvika pakadzika kwemamita 4.500Midziyo iyi inodzorwa kubva muchikepe uye inotumira data panguva chaiyo. mifananidzo nedata zvine tsananguro yepamusoro pamusoro.
Munguva yerwendo rwe "Life in the Extremes", ROV yakaita kuti zvikwanisike kuongorora makomba, materu nenzvimbo dzakadzika pasina chikonzero chekushandisa nzira dzechinyakare. trawlsizvo zvinowanzokuvadza zvipenyu zvakabatwa uye zvinokanganisa nharaunda. Nekutora mifananidzo yemhuka zvakananga munzvimbo yadzo yechisikigo, masayendisiti anogona kuona maitiro echisikigo izvo zvaizorasika kana nzira dzekurwisa dzikaitika.
Panyaya yeStygiomedusa gigantea, marekodhi akaratidza jellyfish ichitsvedza zvishoma nezvishoma, maoko ayo akatambanudzwa uye bhero rakavhurika, maitiro anobatsira kunzwisisa kuti sei inogadzirisa kubatwa kwechikafu mumvura ine zviwanikwa zvishoma.
Kushandiswa kwetekinoroji iyi yemazuva ano kwakaitawo kuti kutapurirana kukwanisike mu rarama kutenderera nezvemamwe nguva yebasa iri, zvichibvumira vanhu vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana kuti vatevere basa rechikwata vari muchikepe cheFalkor. Kuvhura uku kune nzanga, sekureva kwevaongorori, chishandiso chinobatsira kune swededzai sainzi yegungwa pedyo kune vateereri vasingawanzo sangana nemaitiro ekutsvagisa.
Pamusoro pemifananidzo, ROV yakaunganidza sampuli dzemakemikari, dzemuviri, uye dzezvehupenyu dzichaongororwa mumakore mashoma anotevera. Dr. Melisa Fernandez SeveriniKubva kuArgentine Institute of Oceanography neCONICET, huwandu uye mhando yedata iri inopa chiitiko chisingawanzoitiki kuti tinzwisise zviri nani mashandiro anoita nharaunda dzakanyanyisa uye kuti dzinogona kuva panjodzi yakadii yekuchinja kwenharaunda.
Zvimwe zvakawanikwa kubva murwendo rwe "Life at the Extremes"
Kunyangwe hove hombe inonzi jellyfish yakatora nzvimbo huru munhau, haisiriyo yega yakawanikwa zvakakosha. Rwendo rwesainzi rwakaratidzawo kuti chii chinonzi jellyfish dombo guru rinozivikanwa reBathelia candida, korari yemvura inotonhora yakanyorwa munzvimbo zhinji dzekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweAtlantic, asi hupamhi hwayo chaihwo kubva kumahombekombe eArgentina hwakanga husati hwamboyerwa kusvika pari zvino.
Dombo iri, rine nzvimbo inofungidzirwa ye makiromita angangoita 0,4 emakiromita —nzvimbo yakafanana neVatican City muhukuru—, inopa pekugara hove, crustaceans, octopus nezvimwe zvisina mapfupa emusanaUyezve, yakanyorwa sechiratidzo che Nzvimbo yeMarine Inotambura (VME)Izvi zvinoratidza kukosha kwekutarisisa zviri kuitika kuti zvionekwe kuti zvingakanganisa sei vanhu.
Munguva yerwendo kubva kuchamhembe kweBuenos Aires kuenda ku Tierra del FuegoChikwata ichi chakanyorawo "kudonha kwehove" kune vamwe 3.890 metres yakadzikaIzwi iri rinoshandiswa kutsanangura maitiro ayo chitunha chehove chinogara pasi pegungwa chobva chagadzira nharaunda yenguva pfupiiyo inoshanda sechikafu uye pekugara kune mhando dzakadai se maoctopus, shark nemakaka.
Pamwe chete nezvakawanikwa izvi zvinoshamisa, rwendo rwacho rwakanyora honye, ​​nungu, hozhwa, anemones uye mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipenyu izvo, kazhinji, zvakanga zvichangobva kudzidzwa munharaunda iyi. Zvese izvi zvinosimbisa pfungwa yekuti Gungwa reArgentina rine mhando dzakasiyana-siyana kupfuura zvaifungwa makore mashoma apfuura.
Masayendisiti akaonawo kuvapo kwe Marara marara mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakadzika, kusanganisira mambure ekuredza hove, mabhegi epurasitiki, uye kunyange tepi yevhidhiyo yeVHS iri mumamiriro ekuchengetedza anoshamisa. Rudzi urwu rwekuwana rwunotiyeuchidza kuti tsoka yevanhu inosvika kure nekure. kunyange nzvimbo dziri kure zvikuru mugungwa, zvichikonzera mamwe matambudziko ekuchengetedza nharaunda.
Nei kuwanikwa uku kuchikosha kupfuura Gungwa reArgentina
Kuonekwa kwehove hombe inonzi ghost jellyfish muSouth Atlantic kune zvakunoreva zvinopfuura miganhu yenyika. Kune vesainzi vekuEurope uye, zvakanyanya, kune ongororo dzemugungwa dzepasi rose, kuwanikwa uku kunopa chidzidzo chinokosha pamusoro pekuti ungaronga sei uye ungashandisa sei nzendo dzegungwa rakadzika mune mamwe makungwa, kusanganisira nharaunda yeEurope.
Masangano ekuEurope ave achitevera mapurojekiti e [zvisina kujeka] nehanya kwemakore. Schmidt Ocean Institute uye kubva kunzvimbo dzekuLatin America dzakadai seCONICET neUBA, nekuti zvinoratidza kuti musanganiswa we ngarava dzakashongedzerwa, maROV epamusoro, uye ma transmissions akavhurika Zvinogona kukurumidzisa ruzivo nezve ecosystems, iyo, kusvika pari zvino, yakanga isingaonekwe zvakanaka pamamepu e biological.
Muchirevo che Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye kumanikidzwa kwemakungwaKunzwisisa kuti ndeapi marudzi anogara mugungwa rakadzika, kuti nharaunda dzawo dzakarongwa sei, uye kuti dzinoita basa ripi mu biogeochemical cycles chinhu chinonyanya kukosheswa nevasayendisiti vanobva kuEurope, America, nedzimwe nzvimbo. Stygiomedusa hombe, ine hunhu hwayo husingaonekwe uye hukuru hwayo hukuru, inova chiratidzo chezvose zvakasara kuwanikwa.
Zvakaitika kuArgentina zvinoratidzawo kuti makungwa akaita se Gungwa reNorth Atlantic, Mediterranean yakadzika, kana Gungwa reCantabrian Dzinogona kuita zvinhu zvinoshamisa zvakafanana, chero bedzi paine zvinhu zvakakwana zvakagoverwa kuti zvivaongorore nemidziyo yakafanana neyaishandiswa paFalkor.
Sezvakataurwa nemukuru weSchmidt Ocean Institute, Jyotika VirmaniRwendo rumwe nerumwe rwekuenda kugungwa rwunoratidza kuti gungwa "rakazara nehupenyu, sezvakaita nyika uye pamwe nezvimwe zvakawanda," zvichitiyeuchidza kuti gungwa rinonyanya kuzara nzvimbo zhinji dzinogarika pasi roseHove yerudzi rwejellyfish yeGungwa reArgentina, nenzira iyi, chimwe chikamu chepuzzle yepasi rose, iyo yakawanda yacho ichiri kushaikwa.
Zvese zvakaonekwa panguva ye "Life at the Extremes" - kubva ku Stygiomedusa gigantea saizi yebhazi kuenda kudombo regungwa re Bathelia candida kana kudonha kwehove hove kubva pamamita angangoita 4.000—kunoratidza mufananidzo wekuti kudzika kwe Gungwa reArgentina Zvinoita seimwe yenzvimbo dzinopa tariro huru yekunzwisisa mashandiro anoita hupenyu mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Pane kuva chinhu chiri nyore kuwana, jellyfish hombe yava chiratidzo cherwendo rwakaita kuti zvive pachena kuti, pasi pemvura, pane nyika yese yekutsvaga.
