La kutsvaga guva raMark Antony naCleopatra Yava imwe yenhoroondo huru dzezvinocherwa mumatongo. Kwemakore, zvakawanikwa, kuburitswa kwemvura, uye zviziviso zvinoshamisa zvakaziviswa, asi zvakazoonekwa kana kurambwa gare gare, nepo chakavanzika ichi chisati chagadziriswa pasi pejecha reIjipita kana pasi peMediterranean.
Nhasi, Hapana humbowo hwakajeka Izvi zvinoratidza nzvimbo chaiyo yakawanikwa zvisaririra zvamambokadzi wekupedzisira wePtolemaic Egypt nemukuru wemauto eRoma akapikisa Octavian Augustus. Zvisinei, kucherwa kwetemberi yaTaposiris Magna, dzidziso dzinopesana dzevaongorori vematongo vane mukurumbira vakaita saZahi Hawass naKathleen Martinez, uye zviratidzo kubva kumabhuku ekare saPlutarch zvakabvumira kugadziriswazve kwechiitiko chinonakidza chakazara nefungidziro, zvakawanikwa zvishoma, uye zvakavanzika zvisati zvagadziriswa.
Chinhu chakavanzika kupfuura guva raTutankhamun
Sekureva kwenyanzvi dzakawanda, tsvaga guva raCleopatra naMark Antony Zvaizova kuwanikwa kunoshamisa sekuvhurwa kweguva raTutankhamun muna 1922. Hazvishamisi kuti vaviri ava vava vanhu vakakurumbira vane simba, shungu, uye njodzi, vachikurudzira mitambo, maopera, mafirimu, uye mabhuku kwemazana emakore.
Kupfuura zviuru zviviri zvemakore nzvimbo yake yekuvigwa Zvakaramba zvakavanzika. Nhoroondo dzeRoma neGiriki dzinotsanangura nemazvo kuwa kwavo mushure mekukundwa paActium (31 BC) uye kufa kwavo muAlexandria muna 30 BC, asi nzvimbo chaiyo yakavigwa mitumbi yavo kakawanda haiwanikwe nevaongorori vematongo.
Zvekuchera matongo zvemazuva ano, izvo zvinoshanda se bhuku renhoroondo richiri kunyorwazve nguva dzoseMumakore achangopfuura, humbowo hwakaunganidzwa hunoratidza mamiriro akasiyana-siyana: kubva paguva remuzinda muAlexandria iro rava pasi pemvura kusvika pakuvigwa kutsvene kwakabatana nechitendero chaIsis muTaposiris Magna, kunze kweguta.
Pakati pepanorama iyi, Zvataurwa naZahi Hawass Zvakakanganisa zvikuru maonero evanhu. Nyanzvi yezvekuEgypt yakakurumbira yakatosvika pakutaura kuti, kana guva raCleopatra rikasimbiswa, richava "kuwanikwa kwakakosha kupfuura mamwe ose muzana remakore rechi21," asi akatofanirawo kugadzirisa misoro yenhau yakanyanyisa yaitora sechisina basa kuwanikwa kusati kwavapo.
Cleopatra naMark Antony: Simba, Rudo, uye Njodzi
Usati wanyatsoongorora dzidziso nekuchera, zvakakosha kurangarira kuti vaiva vanaani. Cleopatra VII Philopator naMark Antonyuye chikonzero nei rufu rwake rwuchiratidza kuchinja kukuru munhoroondo yeMediterranean yekare.
Cleopatra ndiye aive mutongi wekupedzisira weUmambo hwaPtolemaicDzinza remhuri rine dzinza rekuMacedonia rakavambwa mushure mekufa kwaAlexander Mukuru. Kunyangwe madzitateguru ake aive echiGiriki, aizivikanwa nekuva munhu wekutanga mumba make kudzidza nekutaura zvakanaka chiIjipita chekare, kuwedzera kuchiGiriki nemimwe mitauro. Akadzidza zvakanyanya mune zvesainzi, uzivi, mushonga, uye masvomhu, uye zvinyorwa zvinomuratidza semukadzi ane hunyanzvi hwezvematongerwo enyika hunoshamisa.
Hupenyu hwake mudare hwakanga hwakaoma zvikuru: Akaroorwa nevanun'una vake vaviriPtolemy XIII naPtolemy XIV, sezvaidiwa netsika dzaPtolemy, uye aifanira kurwisana nepfungwa dzakaipa, mazano ekurwisana, uye makwikwi emhuri. Mukoma wake Ptolemy XIII akatomudzinga muIjipita, zvichimumanikidza kuti apotere kuSiria, kwaakaronga hondo kuti adzore chigaro cheumambo.
Muchiitiko ichocho, akaonekwa panzvimbo yacho Julius CaesarNyaya yakakurumbira yaCleopatra achiratidzwa kwaari akaputirwa mukapeti inoratidza zvakanaka ushingi hwake. Achibatsirwa nemukuru wemauto eRoma, akakunda Ptolemy XIII ndokusimbisa simba rake. Kubva mukubatana uku kwakaberekwa Ptolemy XV Caesarion, uyo mambokadzi aimuona semugari wenhaka wepamutemo weIjipita naKesari.
Mushure mekuurayiwa kwaKesari muna 44 BC, kushaikwa kwesimba muRoma kwakaita kuti pave neSecond Triumvirate, yaisanganisira Octavian, Mark Antony, uye LepidusAntony, mumwe wevatsigiri vakuru vemauto aKesari, akava mutongi weEast uye munguva pfupi zvaaida zvematongerwo enyika zvakazobatanidzwa nezvaCleopatra.
Kusangana pakati pevaviri ava muTarso (41 BC) kwaive kutanga kwe mubatanidzwa wezvematongerwo enyika nepfungwa Kunyange zvazvo zvaive nesimba guru, vaive nevana vatatu uye vakapemberera kuroorana kwakafanana nekwevaIjipita apo Antony aive achiri kuroorwa zviri pamutemo naOctavia, hanzvadzi yaOctavian. MuRome, chiito ichi chakabatwa nepfungwa dzaOctavian dzekuti aratidze Antony semutengesi anotongwa namambokadzi wekune dzimwe nyika achipomerwa mhosva yeuroyi uye achinyengedza mukuru wemauto neumbozha hwekumabvazuva.
Kusawirirana kwacho kwakawedzera kusvika kwasvika pakuguma kwe Hondo yeActium (31 BC), uko ngarava dzaAntony naCleopatra dzakakundwa nemauto aOctavian. Mushure mekukundwa, vaviri ava vakatizira kuIjipita, vachiziva kuti mugumo wavo wakanga watove pachena.
Maawa ekupedzisira evadikani maererano naPlutarch
Imwe yenzwi guru rekare riri pamagumo aMark Antony naCleopatra ndeiyi Plutarch, mubasa rake rinonzi Parallel LivesKunyangwe akanyora makore anopfuura zana mushure mezviitiko izvi, nyaya yake yave yakakosha mukusimudzira fungidziro dzemazuva ano pamusoro pekuvigwa kwavo pamwe chete.
Plutarch anotaura kuti, mushure mekunzwa mashoko enhema erufu rwaCleopatraAntony akazvikanda pabakatwa rake. Mukurwadziwa kwake, akatakurwa kuenda kumudiwa wake, uyo akanga achiri mupenyu, ndokufira mumaoko ake. Cleopatra, akambobatwa nemauto aOctavian, akakumbira mvumo yekumupa mariro akakosha uye epamusoro, zvichiratidza kuti mukuru wemauto eRoma akamubvumira kuronga kuvigwa kwakanaka.
Gare gare, sekureva kwemunyori mumwe chete, Cleopatra akaudzwa pachivande naCornelius Dolabella, shamwari ine simba yaOctavian, kuti hurongwa hwamambo weramangwana hwaive kumutora kuenda naye kuRoma pamwe chete nevana vake kuti azviratidze mukukunda kwake. Akatarisana netarisiro yekunyadziswa pachena, mambokadzi akaita sarudzo yekuzviuraya.
Shanduro inozivikanwa zvikuru, yakatumirwawo naPlutarch, inotaura nezve kuruma kwenyoka (nyoka yemuIjipita) sechikonzero cherufu rwaCleopatra. Zvisinei, munyori wenhoroondo pachake anotaura zvimwe zvingangoitika, uye nhasi vaongorori vakati wandei vanofunga kuti kunwa chepfu yakagadzirwa kwaigona kunzwisisika. Chero zvazvingava, mhedzisiro yacho yaive yakafanana: mambokadzi akazviuraya, achibatsirwa nevarandakadzi vake Iras naCharmion.
Plutarch anogumisa kuti Octavian, pasinei nekusafara kwake, Akarayira kuti Cleopatra avigwe pamwe chete naMark Antony. muguva revanhu vose, nokudaro zvichiremekedza chishuwo chekupedzisira chamambokadzi. Rinotsanangura kuti mhemberero iyi yakaitwa nembiri huru uye kuti kunyange varanda vakavigwa zvine ruremekedzo. Zvisinei, haripi chiratidzo chakananga chenzvimbo yeguva.
Kunyarara uku kwenzvimbo ndeimwe yematambudziko makuru kune vanochera matongo vemazuva ano: Tinoziva kuti pakava nekuvigwa pamwe cheteAsi hatizivi kana raive guva riri mukati meimba yamambo yeAlexandria, guva rakasiyana, kana kuti nzvimbo tsvene yakabatana netemberi yaIsis kana mumwe mwari.
Alexandria: guta rakadzika mumvura uye guva rakarasika
Nyanzvi zhinji dzinobvumirana kuti Cleopatra akafira mumuzinda wake muAlexandriaNzvimbo yehumambo yeguta, ine dzimba dzayo dzehumambo, minda, matemberi nezvivakwa zvehurumende, yaive munzvimbo iri kumahombekombe egungwa iyo yainyanya kukanganiswa nekudengenyeka kwenyika uye kudonha kwenyika.
Sezvo mazana emakore akapfuura, zvakawanda zveAlexandria yekareNzvimbo yemuzinda, kusanganisira nzvimbo yemuzinda, yakazopedzisira yanyura pasi peGungwa reMediterranean nekuda kwekudengenyeka kwenyika uye shanduko mumahombekombe egungwa. Chiitiko ichi chakaita kuti vaongorori vazhinji vafunge kuti guva raCleopatra naMark Antony rinogona kunge riri pasi pemvura, pane imwe nzvimbo mukati menzvimbo yaimbova yamambo.
Zahi Hawass pachake akataura kakawanda kuti Pfungwa ndeyekuti Cleopatra ndiye akazviviga. muguva rakavakwa mumuzinda wake muAlexandria. Dai fungidziro iyoyo yaive yechokwadi, guva iri raizova munzvimbo yakaoma zvikuru pasi pemvura, yakaoma kuchera, pamwe kutoparadzwa nenjodzi dzechisikigo.
Dzimwe nyanzvi, dzakadai senyanzvi yezvekuEgypt Joyce Tyldesley, dzakataura kuti mambokadzi angangodaro akamboonekwa semutambi. akapiswa ndokuzoiswa muguva reAlexandriaIzvi zvingawedzera kuoma kutsvaga nzvimbo chaiyo. Tyldesley haana chokwadi nenyaya yechinyakare yenyoka uye anotaura zvakasiyana-siyana panzira yekuzviuraya, asi anobvumirana kuti kuwana guva kwaizova kubudirira kunoshamisa.
Kubva pakupera kwezana remakore rechi20, mapurojekiti ekuchera matongo ari pasi pemvura, akadai seaya akatungamirirwa nemurume wekuFrance Frank Goddio, ave achijekesa zvisaririra zvinoshamisa zveAlexandria yakanyudzwa mumvuraKubva pamatombo makuru etemberi kusvika kuzvifananidzo zvikuru, kune humbowo hwakawanda hwezvakacherwa mumatongo. Zvisinei, kusvika pari zvino hapana humbowo hwakajeka hwekuti paiva neguva rakabatana zvakananga naCleopatra naMark Antony.
Taposiris Magna: tembere yaigona kutakura guva
Kunyange zvazvo chikuva cheAlexandria chichipa matambudziko makuru ehunyanzvi, imwe nzvimbo yakawana mukurumbira mumakumi emakore achangopfuura: iyo tembere yaTaposiris Magna, anenge makiromita 45-50 kumadokero kweAlexandria, munzvimbo iri pakati peMediterranean neLake Mareotis.
Iyi nzvimbo, yakavambwa muzana remakore rechitatu BC naPtolemy II Philadelphus, ine temberi yakatsaurirwa kuna Osiris nemukadzi wake IsisTemberi iyi yaive musha wevanamwari vakuru muchitendero cheIjipita, kunyanya avo vane chekuita nerufu, kumuka kwevakafa, uye pfungwa yehupenyu husingaperi. Kwenguva yakareba, nzvimbo iyi yaisakosheswa nevesainzi, zvikuru nekuti yaifungidzirwa kuti haina zvinyorwa uye kuti haina kumbobvira yashanda zvizere setemberi.
Mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja zvakanyanya muna 2005, apo nyanzvi yezvekuchera matongo negweta reDominican Kathleen Martinez Akawana mvumo yekuchera ipapo. Mushure mekuongorora zvivakwa makumi maviri nemasere pedyo neAlexandria, akagumisa kuti Taposiris Magna yaive nechiratidzo chakakodzera uye nzvimbo yakakodzera yekugara zororo rekusingaperi raCleopatra naMark Antony.
MartÃnez akadzivirira kubva pakutanga pfungwa ine njodzi: mambokadzi, akazvipira zvikuru kuna Isis uye ane hunyanzvi mukushandisa manyepo echitendero, angadai akasarudza nzvimbo yekupotera yakabatana nechitendero cheIsis kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti kuzivikanwa namwarikadzi mushure mekufa uye naOsiris, nokudaro achisimbisa mufananidzo wake samambo mutsvene. Zvichienderana nepfungwa iyi, Taposiris Magna ndiyo yaizova nzvimbo yakakwana.
Pakutanga, pfungwa iyi yakasatenderwa, kana kuti yakasekwa chose chose, nevakawanda vevanhu vepasi rose vanoongorora matongo. Zvisinei, mishandirapamwe yakatungamirwa naMartÃnez, pasi peCatholic University yeSanto Domingo uye pamwe chete nevaongorori vematongo vekuEgypt, yakaburitsa pachena zvishoma nezvishoma. zvakawanikwa zvakatimanikidza kutora saiti iyi zvakakomba.
Mari, zvifananidzo uye dombo rinokosha
Kwemakore anopfuura gumi ebasa, kuchera paTaposiris Magna kwakawana guva repamusoro-soro kunze kwetemberiMigero, makamuri epasi pevhu uye nzira dzekufamba nadzo, pamwe chete nezvidimbu zvinoratidza kushanda kwakasimba munguva yekupedzisira yePtolemaic.
Pakati pezvakawanikwa zvinoshamisa ndeizvi mari dzebhuronzi dzine zita nemufananidzo waCleopatraMifananidzo inoratidza iye nechifukidzo chearabasta chine chirebvu icho vamwe vakaenzanisa nechaMark Antony pachake zvinosimbisa pfungwa yekuti nzvimbo iyi yaive yakakosha panguva yekutonga kwake.
Kuwanikwa uko MartÃnez anoona sekwakakosha zvikuru ndekwekuti dombo remabwe edombo rakacherwa mugore rechipfumbamwe raPtolemy Vmakore maviri chete Dombo reRosetta risati rasvika. Chinyorwa ichi, chakareba kupfuura mita imwe chete, chakanyorwa neDemotic uye hieroglyphic, uye pamwe chakanga chisina bhendi rakaderera apo rugwaro rwechiGiriki rwaizowedzerwa, sezvakangoita paDombo reRosetta.
Chinhu chinonyanya kushamisa ndechekuti nzira iyi inenge iri nyore yakafanana neimwe inowanikwa mutemberi yaIsis pachitsuwa chePhilaemuUpper Egypt. Makatouch anotaura nezvaPtolemy V, mudzimai wake nehanzvadzi yake Cleopatra I, Ptolemy IV naArsinoe III, zvichisimbisa kukosha kwechitendero cheIsiac muTaposiris Magna.
Kuna MartÃnez, kuvapo kweizvi nzira mbiri mbiri dziri kumativi akasiyana enyika Izvi zvinoratidza kuti Philae neTaposiris Magna dzaive nzvimbo dzinoenderana dzechitendero cheIsis muUpper neLower Egypt. Kana zvakadaro, temberi yekumadokero yaizowedzera kukosha kwekufananidzira, zvichienderana nepfungwa yekuti mambokadzi akazvipira kuna mwarikadzi aizosarudza nzvimbo iyoyo yekuvigwa kwake.
Pamusoro pechibvumirano, basa iri rakawana nzvimbo chaiyo Temberi yaIsis iri mukati menzvimbo yacho uye chikwangwani chenheyo chenzvimbo iyi chakasainwa naPtolemy II, pamwe chete netiweki yakaoma yemigero nemakamuri anoratidza kuti pachine zvakawanda zvekuvaka zvinofanira kufukunurwa uye kunyorwa.
Mugero wakavanzika uri pasi petemberi
Muna Mbudzi 2022, chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa chakaonekwa: a gallery yepasi pevhu yakavezwa mudombo pasi petemberi yaTaposiris Magna, yakawanikwa nemishoni kubva kuYunivhesiti yeSanto Domingo inotungamirwa naKathleen Martinez.
Ndicho mugero wakareba mamita 1.305Iri pakadzika mamita angangoita gumi nematatu uye yakafara mamita maviri, marongerwo ayo uye hunhu hwayo zvakaita kuti dzimwe nyanzvi dziienzanise ne "chishamiso cheinjiniya" chemunguva yechiGiriki.
Kuna MartÃnez nechikwata chake, mumhanyi uyu angadai akashanda semunhu mugwagwa unoenda kunzvimbo yekuvigwa kwemadzimambo kana senzira yetsika ine chekuita nemhemberero dzechitendero dzakabatana naIsis naOsiris. Muongorori akatotaura kuti, kana zvisaririra zvaCleopatra zvikawanikwa ipapo, zvaizova "kuwanikwa kwakakosha kwazvo kwezana remakore rechi21."
Mumashoko ake pachake, kunyangwe dai aingovapo chete mukana we1 muzana Zvichienderana nekuti mambokadzi akavigwa ipapo, basa rake semuongorori wezvekuchera matongo raive rekuti arambe achichera. Akasimbisawo kuti ndiyo nguva yekutanga kuti migero nemigero yepasi pevhu zviwanikwe mukati memadziro etemberi, izvo zvakaita kuti pave nekugadziriswazve kwezvaifungidzirwa kuti zvaizivikanwa nezvemagadzirirwo enzvimbo iyi.
Kunyangwe pasina nzvimbo yekuviga yati yazivikanwa zvakajeka seguva raCleopatra naMark Antony, kuwanikwa kwemugero uyu kwakapa simba guru mukuchera kwezvicherwa zvemuchadenga nesainzi, zvichiratidza kuti Taposiris Magna ichiri nezvakavanzika zvakawanda. zvakavanzika zvichaburitswa pasi pematombo nemadhaka emamita akati wandei.
Zahi Hawass: pakati pekushingaira nekungwarira
Nyanzvi yezvekuIjipiti Zahi HawassAimbove Gurukota rezvekare muIjipita, munhu aizivikanwa zvikuru mumabhuku enhau nemisangano, akaita basa rakasiyana munyaya iyi yese. Kune rumwe rutivi, akatsigira kucherwa kweTaposiris Magna panguva iyoyo; kune rumwe rutivi, akaratidza kusagutsikana nezvimwe zvakabuda kuna MartÃnez.
Kwemakore, Hawass aigovana gwara rekuchera panzvimbo iyi, asati atarisa pamapurojekiti ake muMupata weMadzimambo, kwaanoenderera mberi nekutsvaga. makuva aNefertiti neAnkhesenamunKanopfuura kamwe chete akataura kuti, maererano nemaonero ake, Cleopatra aisazovigwa muTaposiris Magna, asi kune imwe nzvimbo mumuzinda weAlexandria.
Zvisinei, zvaakataura kuvatori venhau vepasi rose zvakakonzera kuvhiringidzika. Nhepfenyuro dzeItaly nedzimwe dzepasi rose dzakatotaura kuti Hawass akanga Guva raCleopatra rakawanikwa uye Mark Antony muTaposiris Magna, chimwe chinhu icho nyanzvi yezvekuchera matongo pachake yakakurumidza kuramba mubvunzurudzo dzakazotevera.
Mumashoko akataurwa nevezvenhau vekuSpain, Hawass akasimbisa kuti Guva harisati rawanikwaAkawedzera kuti mishumo inoti kuwanikwa kwechinhu ichi kwaive kwakafanotaurwa kare yakabva mukushandurwa kusina kunaka uye misoro yenhau dzakaita sedzinonakidza. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, akataura kakawanda kuti ane chivimbo chekuti nzvimbo yekuvigwa kwevaviri ava ichawanikwa "munguva pfupi iri kutevera."
Pane mumwe musangano, wakaitwa kuSouth Africa, Hawass akaenderera mberi achiti aiziva dunhu rakavigwa Cleopatra naMark Antony, uye kuti kuwanikwa kwacho kunogona kutoitika. zvinoshamisa kupfuura zvaTutankhamunMusanganiswa uyu wekuchenjera nehukuru hwakabatsira kuti nyaya iyi ibudezve munhau nguva nenguva nepfungwa itsva.
Nzvimbo tsvene, yakaoma, uye ine mvura shoma
Kupfuura ruzha rwenhau, zvinoita sezviri pachena kuti nzvimbo yeTaposiris Magna inoumba nzvimbo tsvene ine kukosha kukuru kwechitenderoKune vamwe vanochera matongo, hutsvene uhwu hwakanyanya hwaizova chikonzero chaicho chekuviga vanhu vakakosha mune zvematongerwo enyika uye zvekufananidzira vakaita saCleopatra naMark Antony ipapo.
Tsananguro dzenzvimbo iyi dzinotaura nezve nzvimbo yakakura, ine muganhu wemakiromita angangoita mashanu, ine zvisaririra zvemasvingo, shongwe dzenguva yeGirisi neRoma—imwe yadzo yakafuridzirwa neimba yechiedza yeAlexandria—uye nzvimbo yakanaka pakati pegungwa negungwa rekare reMareotis, iro mahombekombe aro muAntiquity aive neminda yemiorivhi, minda yemizambiringa neminda yezviyo zvaidyisa guta rakabudirira.
Kusvika kunzvimbo dzakadzika dzenzvimbo iyi hakusi nyore. Mamwe makomba nemakamuri epasi pevhu aripo. pasi pemvura iri pamusoro pemvura kupfuura mamita makumi maviri kana makumi maviri nemashanu uye vanotambura nematambudziko emafashamo. Hawass akamborondedzera kuti timu yake yakaburuka sei neanopfuura mamita makumi matatu ichidzika mugomba kusvika vasvika panzvimbo yakazara nemvura, uko kuchera kwaifanira kumbomiswa kwechinguva.
Zvimwe zvezviratidzo zvinowanikwa pamatanho iwayo ndeizvi: mari ine mufananidzo waCleopatra uye zvifananidzo zvine chekuita nemufananidzo wake, izvo zvinoita kuti vanhu vafunge kuti nzvimbo iyi yaive yakabatana zvikuru nedare reAlexandria mumakore ekupedzisira enguva yePtolemaic.
Dambudziko, kubva pakuona kwezvekuchera matongo, nderekuti pakati pekuvapo kwemvura, kudonha kwekare uye kupindira kwakatevera - kusanganisira izvo zvakatanga mushure merwendo rwaNapoleon muna 1801 -, zvivakwa zvakawanda zvakarasika, zvakachinjwa kana kuti zvaramba zvakafukidzwa nematombo anoda mabasa anodhura uye kwenguva refu.
Dzidziso dzinopesana pamusoro pekwaiva neguva
Panguva ino, dzidziso pamusoro pekwaiva neguva Zvinogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvikuru, zvichitsigirwa neruzivo rwezvakacherwa mumatongo, magwaro ekare, uye kufunga kwenhoroondo.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kune avo, vakaita se Zahi HawassVanoona zviri nyore kuti Octavian akarayira kuvakwa kana kugadziriswa kwechivako chakakodzera mukati kana pedyo nemuzinda weAlexandria, munzvimbo imwe chete yeguta ravakafira. Mhinduro iyi yaizoenderana netsika yekukudza vavengi vane mukurumbira, ukuwo vachichengetedza kutonga kweRoma pamusoro pezvasara zvavo.
Kune rimwe divi, vaongorori vanoda Kathleen Martinez Vanotsigira fungidziro yeTaposiris Magna, vachisimbisa hukama hwaCleopatra neIsis, kukosha kwetemberi kwakawanikwa patsva, uye kuwanda kwezvakawanikwa naPtolemaic munguva pfupi yapfuura munzvimbo iyi. Mukuona kwavo, matongo akaratidza kuti nzvimbo iyi yaive yakakosha zvikuru kupfuura zvaifungidzirwa kare uye ine chiratidzo chakakodzera chekuvigwa kwemadzimambo.
Pamusoro pemitsetse miviri mikuru iyi, kune misiyano yakaita sepfungwa ye Joyce TyldesleyDzidziso dzinofunga nezvekupiswa kwezvitunha nekuvigwa muAlexandria, kana kuti dzinotaura nezvenzvimbo dzisati dzamboongororwa pakati peguta nenzvimbo dzaro dziri kure, dzose dzinogona kuitika. Chero zvazvingava, pane kubvumirana pane imwe pfungwa: parizvino, hapana fungidziro ine humbowo husingarambiki hunobva muimba yekuviga ine zvakanyorwa zvinotaura pachena nezvaCleopatra naMark Antony.
Zvichakadaro, chakavanzika ichi chinoramba chichikurudzira tsvakiridzo yezvedzidzo uye fungidziro dzakakurumbira, zvakafanana nezvinoitika ne mamwe makuva anozivikanwa asati awanikwaseyaNefertiti kana kuti ya mamwe mafarao eHumambo Hutsva.
Nyaya yeguva raCleopatra naMark Antony ichiripo, parizvino, musanganiswa we ruzivo rwakasimbiswa, zvakawanikwa zvinovimbisa, uye mipata mikuruTinoziva kuti vakafira muAlexandria muna 30 BC, kuti Octavian akabvumira kuvigwa kwavo pamwe chete, uye kuti Roma yakaedza kuwana guva ravo asi haina kubudirira. Tinoziva nezvekuedza kwevanochera matongo vakaita saHawass naMartÃnez munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai seTaposiris Magna, Mupata weMadzimambo, uye guta reAlexandria rakanyura mumvura. Tinewo zvinhu zvekare, matunnel, uye stelae zvinopa mamiriro ezvinhu asi kwete chokwadi chaicho. Kusvikira chinyorwa chisina mubvunzo kana kuwanikwa kukuru kwachinja mutambo, nzvimbo yekupedzisira yekuzorora kwevanoda icharamba ichitenderera pakati pemvura yeMediterranean nejecha reIjipita, ichiramba iri imwe yezvakavanzika zvikuru zveEgyptology yemazuva ano.
