Pfungwa ye a guta rakavanzika riri pasi pemapiramidhi eIjipita Zvinodzoka kakawanda, sekunge kudzokorora kwezvakaitika kare. Nguva nenguva, chidzidzo chitsva, kubvunzurudzwa kwepodcast, kana vhidhiyo inopararira zvinomutsazve kurota kwenzira dzisingaperi, makamuri akavanzwa, uye maraibhurari akarasika pasi pegomo reGiza. Mumakore achangopfuura, boka revaongorori vekuItaly rakaisa pfungwa iyi pakati pemakakatanwa, vachiti tekinoroji yeradar yakaratidza nzvimbo hombe yepasi pevhu yakadzika pasi pemapiramidhi.
Zvisinei, kana munhu akabuda kubva paruzha rwezvenhau obva atarisa pane ruzivo rwehunyanzvi, ongororo dzenyanzvi, uye zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongoMufananidzo wacho unochinja zvikuru. Vamwe vanoti humbowo hwekuti guta riri pasi pejecha harina kujeka, nyanzvi zhinji dzinoona sekutsanangurwa kusingagamuchirwi kwemifananidzo yeradar, inowedzerwa nemifananidzo inoshamisa uye masocial media anoda misoro yenhau inonakidza.
Kwakatangira gakava iri: VaItaly, makamera ekumhanyisa mota uye guta riri pasi peGiza
Pfungwa huru yenyaya iyi yese inobva mubasa remunyanzvi wemakemikari wekuItaly Corrado Malanga, purofesa akarega basa kubva kuYunivhesiti yePisa, uye mainjiniya uye nyanzvi yekuona zviri kure Filippo BiondiSekureva kwake, a nzira itsva yekugadzirisa data re radar (SAR) yakagadzirwa ne synthetic aperture Zvaizobvumira kuti "vaone" kure pasi peGiza plateau, kunyanya pasi pepiramidhi yaKhafre (inonziwo Khafre kana Khafre).
Vaongorori ava vanoti mifananidzo yakawanikwa inoratidza miseve yakadzika yakamira, nzira dzinotenderera, uye zvivakwa zvakakura zve cylindrical uye cubic Vakaviga mazana emamita pasi pevhu, vachigadzira zvavanotsanangura senzvimbo hombe yepasi pevhu. Nemashoko avo pachavo, neruzivo rwakawanda, chimwe chinhu chaizoonekwa pasi pemapiramidhi "chinogona kungotsanangurwa seguta repasi pevhu chairo."
Imwe yenyaya dzakapararira dzinotaura nezve masirinda masere asina chinhu akakomberedzwa nezvikamu zvesimbi zvakatendereraVachitsanangurwa sematanho anotenderera, vanoti vakaona kamuri hombe ine ma cubic metres angangoita mazana mashanu iri pasi pepiramidhi reKhafre ine kudzika kwemamita mazana manomwe. Zvivakwa zvakafanana pasi pepiramidhi yeMenkaure uye sirinda hombe iri pasi peSphinx, zvese zvakabatana ne network iyoyo yezvinhu zvinotenderera.
Mubvunzurudzo nekuonekwa pachena, kunyanya paAmerican podcast American AlchemyBiondi akaramba achiti Mamwe makambani mana anonzi akasimbisa mhedzisiro yavo. nekuwana mapatani akafanana enzvimbo. Sekureva kwehurukuro yake, mapiramidhi aingova "mugumo wegomo rechando", rudzi rwekushongedza kukuru kwenetwork hombe inoramba yakavigwa pasi pedombo nejecha.
Kutsanangura nzvimbo yese yeGiza uye imwe nzira yekutevedzana kwezviitiko
Chikwata ichi hachisi kungogara muKefrén chete. Mumashoko avo kunhau dzepasi rose, Filippo Biondi Akataura kuti mapatani akaonekwa pasi peKhafre anodzokororwawo pasi pepiramidhi yeMenkaure, izvo zvinoratidza kuti Mapiramidhi matatu makuru eGiza aizobatanidzwa pane imwe nzira yepasi pevhuZvichienderana nekuverenga kwavo, nzvimbo iyi yaizova yakadzika mamita 600-700, mamwe magwaro achitotaura nezvemufananidzo weanenge mamita 2.000 pasi perenje.
Pamusoro pezvo, mumwe nhengo yeboka, Armando MeiAkatsvaga kupinza maumbirwo aya anofungidzirwa munhoroondo yakakura. Kutanga kubva pazvinhu zvakaita se munyu wakachengetwa uye mavanga emvura akakukurwa pamatombo ari pedyo neGreat PiramidhiAnotaura kuti Giza yakatambura nemafashamo akaipisa kare, akabatana nekurova kwecomet kuma12.800 BC.
Zvichienderana nepfungwa iyi, nzvimbo yeGiza, isiri kure nemakore angangoita 4.500 sezvinobvumwa neEgyptology, yaizove makore ane zviuru makumi emakoreVamwe vanototi tsika iyi ndiyo yaikonzera magallery epasi pevhu anofungidzirwa kuti aivapo makore angangoita 38.000 apfuura. Tsika iyi ingadai yakaparadzwa nenjodzi iyoyo, zvichiita kuti mapiramidhi ave nhaka kana kuti "muganho" wehurongwa hwekare hwakavanzwa pasi pevhu.
Mukuona uku, mapiramidhi angave ari chikamu chinoonekwa che network huru yepasi pevhuPamwe zvinofungidzirwa senzvimbo yemhemberero, guta rehunyanzvi, kana nzvimbo yekuchengetedza ruzivo rwekare. Kune avo vanobatanidza pfungwa iyi nepfungwa dze mararamiro epamusoro akarasikirwa, dzimwe nguva inobatanidzwa nengano dzakadai seAtlantis kana kuti nepfungwa dzisingazivikanwe dzave dzakakurumbira kwemakumi emakore.
Zvese izvi zvinopindiranawo mukati mepfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana dzakave nemakore dzichibatanidza Giza ne zviitiko zvemuchadenga, mafashamo epasi rose, uye tsika dzekareVanyori vakaita senyanzvi yezve geology James Kennett Vakasimudzira pfungwa inonzi "comet hypothesis," vachiratidza kuti marara ekuputika munzvimbo dzakadai seAbu Hureyra, muSyria yanhasi, makiromita angangoita chiuru kubva kuGiza, sehumbowo hwezviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze akaipisisa. Uye vanhu vanonyanya kufarira vakaita se Andrew Collins Vakawana zvinyorwa kubva kuTemberi yaEdfu zvinotaura nezvemafashamo ekare akaparadza vanhu vasingazivikanwi ve "Vakare," vachizvishandisa sekutsigira zvisina kunanga rudzi urwu rwenyaya, kunyange zvazvo nyanzvi dzezvekuEgypt dzichiona magwaro aya seanonyanya kuratidza.
Ngano dzekare pamusoro penzira dzakavanzwa uye dzimba dzekurekodha
Kuti nhasi pane kutaurwa kwe guta rakavanzika riri pasi pemapiramidhi Izvi hazvisi tsaona: pfungwa iyi inokodzera segurovhosi munyika yekufungidzira ine midzi yakadzika. Mukare kare, magwaro anonzi ndeaya Herodotus Vakataura nezvenzira dzekupinda nepanyika dzakabatana nezvivakwa zveEgypt, kunyange zvazvo kuvimbika kwazvo munhoroondo kwacho kuchikakavadzana zvikuru. Munguva yeMiddle Ages neRenaissance, kutaura nezvemagalari akavanzika nemakamuri akavanzika kwakaramba kuchikurudzira mabhuku, nhoroondo, uye kufungidzira kweuzivi.
Muzana remakore rechi20, tsika iyi yakafambira mberi apo nzira yekuAmerica Edgar Cayce yakakurudzira kuvapo kwechinhu chinonzi "Horo yeZvinyorwa" yakavanzwa muGizauko ruzivo rwetsika yekare yeEgypt yekare, inowanzozivikanwa neAtlantis, runonzi rwakachengetedzwa. Kubva ipapo, nguva imwe neimwe panouya tekinoroji itsva—radar, 3D scanners, mifananidzo yesatellite—tarisiro yekuti imba iyi yengano ichazoonekwa seyakakura zvikuru.
Kusawirirana kwakaitika munguva pfupi yapfuura pamusoro pedata reSAR hakugone kunzwisiswa pasina mamiriro aya ekuti ngano dzakaunganidzwa, mabhuku echinyakare uye tsika dzakakurumbiraKana mifananidzo yakagadzirwa nekombiyuta (uye, dzimwe nguva, iyo yakagadzirwa nezvishandiso zvehungwaru hwekugadzira) ichiratidza makoramu makuru, makomba anotenderera, uye makamuri makuru ari pasi pemapiramidhi, kuratidzwa kwemifananidzo kunosimbisa nyaya iyo vazhinji vanga vakamirira kwemakumi emakore kuti isimbiswe.
Dambudziko nderekuti Mifananidzo iyoyo haisi mifananidzo yemuchadengaasi kungofungidzira patsva, zvichibva padata iro, maererano nenyanzvi dzakawanda, risingabvumire kusvika padanho iroro reruzivo, kunyanya zvakadzama zviri kuziviswa pamasocial network nevezvenhau.
Chii chinonzi SAR radar uye chii chinogona (uye chisingagone) kuita
Iyo tekinoroji ye radar yekuvhura yakagadzirwa (SAR) Yave ichishandiswa kwemakore mukuongorora Pasi, kubva kumasetiraiti nendege. Inoburitsa mafungu eradar uye, kubva mumanzwi anogamuchirwa, inogadzira mifananidzo yepamusoro-soro yenzvimbo, zvichibvumira kuonekwa kwekuchinja kwechimiro che millimeter munzvimbo, kuongorora magadzirirwo epasi, kuyerwa kwemafambiro echando, uye kutarisa zvivakwa, pakati pezvimwe zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa.
Munyaya chaiyo iripo, vaongorori vekuItaly vanoti vakashandisa nzira itsva yekugadzirisa data reSARData kubva kuItaly COSMO-SkyMed satellite system yakabvumira masayendisiti kuongorora zvakadzama, kubva pakududzira kudedera kwepasi ne microscopic kusvika pakuvakazve zvikamu zveGiza subsoil mu3D. Kubva muongororo iyi, vanonzi vakafungidzira kuvapo kwema shafts, mbiru, uye makamuri ataurwa pamusoro apa pakakwirira zvisina kumboitika (kana kuti, pakadzika).
Zvisinei, ruzivo rwehunyanzvi kubva ku European Space Agency (ESA) Avo vakabvunzwa nemasangano ekuongorora vakasimbisa kuti Kugona kupinda kwerudzi urwu rweradar kwakaganhurirwa zvikurupahurefu hwemamirimita kana, kunyanya, masendimita mashoma. Kureva kuti, inobatsira pakuongorora pamusoro uye, mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, zvidimbu zvidiki zvepamusoro, asi kwete pakuona mazana emamita pasi pevhu.
Masosi aya eESA akasimbisa kuti, zvichipiwa kuti Hakusati kwave neongororo yakasimba yesainzi. Chokwadi chekuti nzira iyi kana mhedzisiro yayo hazvitsigirwi nesangano resainzi hazvigone kutsigira chokwadi chekuti nzira iyi inoshanda. Kutaura zvazviri, vanokurudzira kungwarira zvakanyanya pakushandisa kana kuparadzira mhedziso dzakadaro dzakagadzirwa nenzira iyo, kusvika pari zvino, isati yasimbiswa nesangano resainzi.
Nyanzvi dzeradar dzakadai se Lawrence ConyersMumwe muongorori weYunivhesiti yeDenver, uyo akashanda neradar inopinda pasi uye matekiniki akafanana nawo kwemakore, akatsoropodza pachena zvirevo izvi. Sezvaakatsanangura mubvunzurudzo nemavhidhiyo edzidzo, pfungwa yekuti mafungu eradar—pasinei nekuti abva kupi—anogona kusvika kudzika kwemazana emamita kuri kutaurwa Hazvina kuenderana neruzivo rwemazuva ano. Akasvika pakutsanangura nyaya iyi yese se "kuwedzeredza kukuru" uko kunowedzera mukurumbira wayo painopararira zvakanyanya munhau nemumasocial network.
Nyanzvi dzezvekuchera matongo nemasangano dzakamisa: mvumo, ongororo uye kuomarara
Kunze kweruzivo rwehunyanzvi rweradar, vazhinji vezvekuchera matongo vakaratidza kusava nechokwadi pamusoro pekushaikwa kwemitemo yepamutemo muongororo iyi. Mumwe wevatsoropodzi vanonyanya kuonekwa aive nyanzvi yezvekuEgypt Zahi Hawass, aimbova Gurukota rezvekare zveIjipita uye munhu akakosha zvikuru mukutarisira nekudzidza nezveGiza.
Hawass akataura pachena kuti Vaongorori vekuItaly vakanga vasina mvumo. Dare Repamusorosoro reZvinhu Zvekare reEgypt harina kubvumidza chero basa rakadaro, kungave mukati mePiramidhi yeKhafre kana kuti pamusoro pegomo. Sekureva kwavo, hapana zvishandiso zveradar zvakashandiswa mukati mepiramidhi, uye parizvino hapana mabasa ekuchera matongo anoshanda ikoko ane chekuita nezvakawanikwa izvi.
Mumashoko ake, Hawass akasvika pakutsanangura zvinorehwa nembiru kana mbiru dziri pasi pepiramidhi se Zvinhu zvitsva zvakaparadzirwa nevanhu vasina ruzivo rwakasimba munhoroondo yeIjipita kana ruzivo rwekuchera matongo rwemapiramidhiAnosimbisawo kuti chero chirongwa chakakomba pachivako chakakosha ichi chinoda maitiro akaomarara ekusimbisa masangano, mvumo dzakajeka uye kutarisirwa kwesainzi, izvo zvisina kana chimwe chazvo chakanyorwa munyaya iyi.
Vamwe vanochera matongo nevanosimudzira mukurumbira vakabatsirawo. Flint Dibble, kubva kuCardiff University, akayeuka kuti radar yekugadzira aperture Haisi yakagadzirirwa kupinda mumakiromita edomboUye kuti kana zviri nani, munhu anogona kungotarisira kusvika pakadzika kwemamita mashoma. Milo Rossi akasimbirira kuti kugadziriswa kwezvikamu zvitatu kwakaparadzirwa pasocial media Vanowedzeredza uye vanoshongedza data rekutanga zvakanyanya.kugadzira fungidziro yehuwandu hwezvinhu zvisipo zvechokwadi.
Pamusoro pezvo, chidzidzo chikuru chakaitwa nechikwata cheItaly chakaburitswa muna 2022 mujenari rakanyorwa nemuparidzi. MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)Chiratidzo ichi chave chichitsoropodzwa zvikuru nenyanzvi nekuda kwekumhanya kwemaitiro ekunyora uye kusava nechokwadi nezvekuoma kwekuongorora kwacho nevamwe. Neavhareji yemazuva makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe pakati pekutumira zvinyorwa nekuburitswa, pasi penguva yenguva dzose yekushanda mumajenari ane mukurumbira, vaongorori vazhinji vanotenda kuti Mamwe mazita eMDPI anoshanda semagazini "anodya nyama", yainyanya kutarisa huwandu hwemabhuku kupfuura kunaka kwawo.
Zvipingamupinyi zvenzvimbo: mwero wemvura uye mamiriro emvura eGiza
Chimwe chinhu chisingawanzoonekwa mumisoro yenhau pamusoro pezvivakwa zvikuru pasi pemapiramidhi ndeche maitiro emvura yepasi pevhu paGiza plateauZvidzidzo zve hydrogeological zvenguva pfupi yapfuura, zvakaita sezvakasainwa na Sharafeldin nevamwe vake muna 2019Zvinoratidza kuti mvura iri munzvimbo iyi iri chinhambwe chipfupi kubva pamusoro, mamita mashoma chete, uye kuti mvura iyi iri kukonzera matambudziko ekukukurwa kwevhu munzvimbo dzakaita seSphinx pachayo.
Kana mvura iri pakadzika kudaro, pfungwa yekuti makamuri makuru nemakomba ari mazana emamita pasi pedombo Mamiriro acho ezvinhu anotowedzera kuoma. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, chero zvivako zvinofungidzirwa kuti zviri pakadzika kwe600, 700, kana 2.000 tsoka zvaizosangana nekumanikidzwa kukuru kwemvura uye, zvichida, zvaizozara nemvura zvachose. Hapana humbowo hwakavimbika hwekuchera matongo hunoratidza kuti chimwe chinhu chakadai chiripo kana kuti chakambovapo.
Zvichakadaro, kumwe kuferefeta, kwakadai sekwakaitwa na Sheisha nevamwe vake muna 2022Vakajekesa kuti mapiramidhi akavakwa sei kubva pakuona kwezvinhu. Basa ravo rinoratidza kuti, pakati peanenge 2600 na2500 BC, panguva yekuvakwa kwemapiramidhi, Bazi reNile raifambika nechikepe raisvika pedyo neGiza plateau, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kutakurwa kwematombo makuru nemagwa.
Data iri rinotsigira maonero ekuti maitiro echisikigo, mainjiniya evanhu, uye kurongeka kwakaoma kwemagariro evanhu Zvinotibvumira kunzwisisa kuvakwa kwemapiramidhi pasina kushandisa matekinoroji asingagoneki, maguta akavanda pasi pevhu, kana kupindira kwekunze kwenyika. Kwemakore anopfuura mazana maviri, vanochera matongo, vanoongorora geology, uye vanoongorora mvura vanga vachigadzira mufananidzo wakasimba wekuti akavakwa sei uye kuti aishanda sei nenzvimbo yavo.
Kubva pamaonero aya, kubvumirana kuripo pari zvino kwakajeka: Hapana humbowo hunogara huripo hwekuti pane nzvimbo yeguta yakavanzika pasi pemapiramidhi eIjipita.Chiripo inzvimbo yakakura yekuchera matongo, ine makuva, maberere, uye zvivakwa zvepasi pevhu zvakadzika zvine mwero, zvese zvakanyorwa zvakanaka, zvakaita se kuberekwa patsva kweColossi muLuxorasi zvakasiyana zvikuru ne mega-labyrinth inowanikwa mune dzimwe nyaya dzinopararira.
Basa renhau, network, uye mifananidzo inoshamisa
Chinhu chakakosha mukuwedzera kwenyaya iyi kwave kuri nzira iyo Midhiya nemasangano evanhu vanowedzera zvinhu zvinokwezva mazisoZvinyorwa paFacebook, Instagram, YouTube, nedzimwe nzira zvakaparadzira mashoko ane simba: "Masayendisiti anowana guta riri pasi pevhu pasi pemapiramidhi eGiza achishandisa tekinoroji yeSAR," pamwe chete nemavhidhiyo anoratidza vanochera matongo vachidzika mumakamuri azere nezvifananidzo kana mifananidzo yemachubhu makuru achinyura mujecha.
Kazhinji, mifananidzo iyi haina chekuita zvakananga neongororo yataurwa, asi inobva kudzokorora kwakagadzirwa nekombiyuta, zvirimo kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekare kana kunyange zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira kuti zvienderane nenyaya dzenhau dzinopararira. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, kana zvikasanganiswa nekutaura nezve "vaongorori vekuItaly," "nzira itsva dzeSAR," uye "kusimbisa kubva kumakambani akazvimirira," zvinopa pfungwa yekuti zvese zvakaratidzwa uye zvakanyorwa zvakakwana.
Masangano ekuongorora nemasangano akadai se EFE Kusimbiswa Vakatsvaga mameseji aya, vachiona kuti mazhinji acho anotaura nezve Nyaya chete yakurukurwa kusvika pari zvino ndeyekubvunzurudzwa kwevanhu vanotsvaga rutsigiropasina mamwe magwaro akasimba kana zvinyorwa zvinotevera zvinosimbisa mhedzisiro yekutanga. Kunyangwe ESA, sezvambotaurwa, yakakurudzira kungwarira uye yakadzivisa kubvumidza kushandiswa kwenzira iyi sezvakatsanangurwa muzvidzidzo izvozvo.
Iko kusanganisa kwe mutauro unonakidza, kushaya ruzivo rwakadzama, uye kushandiswazve kwemifananidzo inoshamisa Zvinogadzira nzvimbo yakakwana yekuberekera vanhu vazhinji kuti vafunge kuti vari kutarisana nekuwanikwa kwechinjo, asi kutaura chokwadi, parizvino, iri fungidziro yakaparadzana, inopokana zvakasimba uye inotsigirwa neboka diki revanyori.
Muchirevo ichi, zvakakosha kurangarira mubvunzo uri kure neusingakoshi: Zvine musoro kusvika papi kugadzira nyaya dzinotyisa kana dzichipesana zvakananga nemakumi emakore ekutsvaga kwakaratidza kuti ndedzechokwadi? Kukwezva zvakavanzika ndekwevanhu uye kunonzwisisika, asi kana zvikaparadzirwa sekunge chokwadi chakasimbiswa, pane njodzi yemashoko asiri echokwadi, zvichideredza chivimbo mune sainzi uye zvichivharira zvakawanikwa chaizvo, pamwe zvisinganyanyi kuoneka, asi zvakasimba.
Kana zvabatanidzwa, zvinotaurwa nezveguta rakavanzika rine mazana emamita pasi pemapiramidhi zvinotsigirwa ne dudziro ine gakava zvikuru yedata reradar, mamiriro ekunyora ane gakava, uye kusavapo kwekusimbisa kwezvakacherwa panzvimbo yachoZvichakadaro, zvirevo izvi zvinopikiswa nemiganhu inozivikanwa yeSAR (Surface Array), zvidzidzo zvemvura pamusoro peGiza plateau, uye kubvumirana kwakakura kwesainzi, parizvino, kusingaonekwe chimwe chinhu kunze kweutsi uko vamwe vanoda kuona guta guru rakarasika. Kukwezva kwengano kuchiripo, asi data riripo rinoratidza kuti pasi pemapiramidhi, zvatinazvo zvisaririra zvehupfumi hunonakidza uye hwakanyorwa zvakanaka, kwete guta rakavanzika richachinja zvachose zvatinoziva nezvenhoroondo yeIjipita.
