Nyika dzepasi rose dzinofarira mhuka dziri kuonekana mazuva ano Gramma, torto huru yakakurumbira yeGalapagos akagara kwemakore anoda kusvika zana paSan Diego Zoo muCalifornia. Nzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka yakasimbisa kufa kwake pazera rezera re141, zvichimuita mumwe wevagari vekugara kwenguva refu uye chiratidzo chekuchengetedza mhuka dziri mungozi.
Anozivikanwa se "Mambokadzi weZoo"Gramma yaipfuura mhuka inofananidzira: kuvapo kwake kwairatidza zvizvarwa zvakati wandei zvevashanyi, vachengeti uye nyanzvi dzemhuka dzesango, dzakamuona achichembera nyika ichichinja nehondo, denda uye kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi.
Kamba yeGalapagos yakaita nhoroondo kweanoda kusvika zana
Sezvo San Diego Zoo yakatsanangura pane yayo yepamutemo profiles, Gramma akafa musi wa20 Mbudzi Mushure menguva yakareba yezvinetso zvemapfupa zvine chokuita nekukwegura kwake, boka rezvokurapa, mushure memwedzi yekuongorora uye kuongororwa, vakaita izvo zvavakatsanangura se "chisarudzo chetsitsi uye chakaoma zvikuru": kumusunungura kudzivirira kutambura.
Pakati inoyeuka kuti, kwemakumi emakore, kamba yakanga iri kuvapo kwakangwara asi kunogara kuripo mune imwe yenzvimbo dzine mukurumbira pasi rose. Vakuru veZoo vanomurondedzera se "chifananidzo chinodiwa" uye "mumiriri anoshamisa wemarudzi ake," nzira yekusimbisa basa raakaita mukuzivisa nezve dambudziko remakamba makuru pazvitsuwa zveEcuadorian.
Zuva chairo rekuzvarwa kwaGramma, uyo akauya munyika munzvimbo yake yechisikigo, HazvinyatsozivikanwaVanamazvikokota vanofungidzira kuti yaigona kunge yakasvika makore anenge 141 panguva yayakafa, zvichibva pazvinyorwa zvekare uye kusvika kwayakaita munzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20.
Nhoroondo yaro yakabatana zvakanyanya nekushanduka kweSan Diego Zoo pachayo. Yakasvika paZoo pakati pa1928 na1931, sechikamu che boka rekutanga reGalapagos tortoises iyo yakawedzerwa kune yakaunganidzwa yepakati. Mimwe mishumo inoratidza kuti yakambove kuBronx Zoo muNew York, kubva kwayakachinjirwa kuCalifornia mumakore iwayo.
Kubva ipapo, hupenyu hwake hwakave hwakabatana neiyo zoo: avo vanotungamira sangano vanosimbisa kuti basa rake "rinofukidza inenge nhoroondo yese yepakati pachayo", uye kuti chimiro chake chave. shinda inobatanidza vashandi, vanozvipira uye vashanyi muzvizvarwa zvose.
Iyo "Queen of the Zoo": chiratidzo chemamirioni evashanyi
Muupenyu hwake hwose ari muusungwa, Gramma akawana zita remadunhurirwa rekuti "queen of the zoo" navachengeti varo navanhu vose. Kudzikama kwake uye kugarika kwake, pamwe chete nekukura kwake, kwakamuita chimwe chezvikuru zvinokwezva kuvana nevakuru vaiuya kuzoona tumakamba hombe pedyo.
Yeuko dzevashanyi zvino vava vanasekuru zvinoratidzira tapuro yayakava nayo. Vanhu vazhinji vanogovana pasocial media izvo Vakasangana naye vachiri vana vakadzoka papera makore nevana vavo chaivo kuti vavaratidze kamba imwechete yainge yaratidza hudiki hwavo. Nokuda kwavazhinji, wakanga uri muitiro kushanyira nzvimbo yakakomberedzwa parwendo rwose rwokuenda kunzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka.
Vashandi vepanzvimbo iyi vanosimbirira kuti kumuchengeta kwaive "ropafadzoMune zvirevo zvakaburitswa mushure mekufa kwake, vanosimbisa kuti Gramma aive nezvaaida chaizvo: ainyanya kufarira romaine lettuce, cacti, uye michero yakasiyana-siyana, chikafu chaive chikamu che. kudya kwavo kwakanyatsodzorwa.
Kuvepo kwavo kwainzwikwawo mukudyidzana kwavaiita neveruzhinji. Kunyange zvazvo zvave kurambidzwa, vamwe vashanyi vekare vanoyeuka vachisvika kukwira pamusoro pegoko rehombe hombe pavakanga vari vana, muitiro uyo mumakumi amakore apfuura waionekwa sowenguva dzose uye wava kunzi hauenderani nokugara zvakanaka kwemhuka.
Nzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka inotaura kuti, nekufamba kwemakore, kamba yakabva pakuonekwa mapikicha ekare madema nemachena kuve munhu anoteedzerwa zvakanyanya pasocial media, apo mifananidzo yake nemavhidhiyo zvakaunganidza zviuru zvekudyidzana uye zvirevo kubva kune vateveri pasi rese.
Hupenyu hwakapfuura hondo, zvirwere, nekuchinja kwenhoroondo
Zera rinoshamisa raGramma rinotibvumira kukoshesa nhamba yezviitiko zvaakaona chinyararire. Vakuru venzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhuka vanoyeuka kuti, munguva youpenyu hwake, nyika yakaona zvinhu zvakawanda zvichiitika. hondo mbiri dzenyika, kutonga kwevatungamiri ve20 veUnited States uye angangoita maviri epasi rose denda, mukuwedzera kune shanduko yetekinoroji yezana ramakore rapfuura.
Pasina kusiya maitiro ayo ekuzorora, kamba yakaona kuwedzera kweSan Diego Zoo pachayo, hunyanzvi hwezvirongwa zvekuchengetedza, uye shanduko yemafungiro maererano nemhuka dzakatapwa, zvichiwedzera kutarisisa. kugara zvakanaka, dzidzo nekuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zviri mungozi.
Kupfuura nhoroondo dzenhoroondo, hupenyu hwayo hurefu hunoiisa pakati peboka diki rezvinokambaira zvakakura izvo zvasvika pazera rakakura kwazvo. Nyanzvi dzinorangarira nyaya ye Harriet, imwe Galapagos kamba uyo akafa muna 2006 munzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka kuAustralia aine makore anenge 175, anoonekwa seimwe yekare zvikuru yakanyorwa.
Panyaya yeGramma, kuvapo kwayo kwakaitika zvachose munzvimbo dzeoological kweakawanda e20th uye kutanga kwe21st mazana emakore, izvo zvakabvumira kuunganidzwa kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwe data pamusoro payo. zvirwere zvinosangana nekukweguraZvokudya zvinovaka muviri uye manejimendi evanhu vanogara kwenguva refu, ruzivo rwakakosha rwekutarisirwa kwezvimwe zvienzaniso.
Nyaya yavo, yakataurwa nguva nenguva nevaraidzo nevadzidzisi, yakashandawo kuunza veruzhinji vekuEurope neSpanish padhuze neicho cheGalapagos tortoises, mhando iyo, kunyangwe ichirarama zviuru zvemakiromita kure, yave. chiratidzo chepasi rose chehutete hwezvipenyu insulars.
Mamiriro akapfava eGalapagos tortoise nebasa rekuchengetedza
Kuenda kwaGramma kwamutsazve kufarira mu mamiriro ehofori dzekamba munzvimbo yavo yechisikigo. Aya marudzi, akasarudzika kune Galapagos archipelago, vatambura kudzikira kwakanyanya muhuwandu hwavo Kubva muzana ramakore rechi 18, apo vakabatwa muuzhinji navafambisi vezvikepe, ma<em>buccaneers nema<em>whalers avo vaiashandisa sezvokudya mukati menzendo refu.
Masangano akadai seGalapagos Conservancy uye zviremera zveEcuadorian anoratidza kuti, parizvino, Mazhinji subspecies ari munjodzi kana kuti ari mungozi zvakanyanyaMaererano neInternational Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), vatatu vacho vakatonzi vakatsakatika.
Pakati pekutyisidzira kukuru kwazvino kuvhima zvisiri pamutemo, kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo uye kupatsanurana, uye kuunzwa kwe mhuka dzinoparadza dzinokwikwidza chikafu kana kuti dzinobata mazai nemanyana. Kuwedzerwa kune izvi kune njodzi dzine chokuita nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, izvo zvinoshandura kuwanikwa kwezvinhu pazvitsuwa zvehukuru hushoma.
Takatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, zvirongwa zvekuberekesa uye kuunzazve nhapwa zvakawedzera mumakumi emakore achangopfuura. Kuburitswa pazvitsuwa kwave kuenderera kubva pakati pema1960. anopfuura 10.000 tudiki tudiki, kuedza kwakabvumira kudzorerwa kwevamwe vanhu vakanga vava pedyo nokunyangarika.
Nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhuka dzinoita basa rinopindirana muchirongwa ichi. Centers muUnited States neEurope vanotora chikamu muzvirongwa zvakarongeka zvekubereka uye zvedzidzo yezvakatipoteredza. Muna 2024, semuenzaniso, Philadelphia Zoo yakazivisa kuzvarwa kwevana vana Galapagos kamba dzine vabereki vane makore zana, uye zvimwe zvakavharirwa, zvakaita seMiami Zoo, zvakanyora zviitiko zvekuberekana mumienzaniso anopfuura makore zana nemakumi matatu.
Gramma semumiriri wepasi rose weEurope nepasirese
Kunyange zvazvo Gramma aigara kuUnited States, nyaya yake yakatekeshera zvakanyanya nevezvenhau uye veruzhinji muEurope neSpain, uko nyaya dzehupenyu hurefu uye mhando dzechiratidzo dzinowanzoita kuti vanhu vafarire. Nyaya yake inoshanda se... referensi muzvirongwa zvedzidzo yenzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhuka dzakawanda dzokuEurope nenzvimbo dzokududzira dzakatsaurirwa kuzvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvitsuwa.
MuSpain nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope, nhau dzerufu rwadzo dzakashandiswa kutsanangura nenzira inodzidzisa kuti nei nguruve idzi dzichisvika mazera anoshamisa kudaro, kugara kwavo zvakanaka kunoitwa muusungwa, uye chii chiri kuitwa pasi rose kuchengetedza vanhu veGalapagos munzvimbo yavo yechisikigo.
Tsanangudzo yeGramma inoenderana nemaitiro enzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhuka dzemuEurope dzakawanda dzakazvimisikidza kubva kumuenzaniso wepakati pekuratidzira kuenda kune imwe yakatarisana ne kuchengetedza, tsvakurudzo uye kuparadziraKunyangwe kuunganidzwa kwakakura kweGalapagos tortoise kusingawanikwe muEurope, kune kufarira kushandirapamwe kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvesainzi uye mishandirapamwe yekuzivisa.
Zvisina kunanga, nyaya dzakaita sedzake dzinobatsira kusimbisa meseji yekuti kuchengetedza mhuka haisi nyaya yemuno chete, asi kuyedza kwepasirese uko. masangano kubva kumakondinendi akati wandei Vanogovana ruzivo, zviwanikwa, uye nzira dzekuchengetedza mhuka idzo, sekamba hombe, dzinotora makumi emakore kuti dzisvike pakukura uye kubereka zvishoma nezvishoma.
Mufananidzo wekamba iya, yakaona zvizvarwa zvevashanyi, hondo, matambudziko, uye kufambira mberi zvichipfuura, ichifamba zvakadzikama ichitenderedza yakavharirwa muSan Diego, yave. chiyeuchidzo chakajeka chekusiyanisa pakati pekukurumidza kwehupenyu hwevanhu uye nguva iyo marudzi mazhinji anogara kwenguva refu anoshanda.
Chii chinoita kuti idzi kamba huru dzive dzakakosha zvakadaro?
Kamba hombe dzezvitsuwa zveGalápagos dzinoshamisa kwete nekukura kwadzo chete asiwo nezvehupenyu hwadzo hwakasiyana. Vanogona kurarama zviri nyore kupfuura makore zana musango uye, pasi pemamiriro akakwana ekutarisirwa mukutapwa, swedera kanenge kaviri nhamba iyoyo, sezvinoratidzwa nezviitiko zvakanyorwa munzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhuka munyika dzinoverengeka.
Kunonoka kwavo kwemetabolism uye kugona kuchengeta matura makuru emvura uye zvinovaka muviri zvinovatendera kurarama kwenguva refu pasina kudya kana kunwaUku ndiko kugadzirisa kwakakosha pazvitsuwa uko kuwanikwa kwezviwanikwa kunosiyana zvakanyanya pakati pemwaka. Zvinotoshamisa kuti hunhu uhwu hwaiva chimwe chezvikonzero nei vaishandiswa zvakanyanya nevafambisi vezvikepe mumazana emakore apfuura.
Musango, kudya kwavo kunosanganisira zvinomera: mashizha, uswa, michero, uye marudzi akasiyana-siyana e cacti. Munzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhuka, chikafu ichi chinonyatso kugadziridzwa kuve nechokwadi chehutano hwavo, kusanganisa mashizha emashizha, cacti uye michero nekugara uchiongororwa nachiremba wezvipfuyo kudzivirira kuperevedza kana matambudziko anokonzerwa nehuremu hwakawandisa.
Kunonoka kwavo kwehupenyu, pamwe nekukwanisa kwavo kurarama kupfuura vachengeti vakati wandei vanotevedzana, zvinoreva kuti zhinji dzemhuka idzi dzinova. “zvapupu” zvechokwadi zvenhoroondo yenzvimbo dzavanogara. Kuchinja kwese kwezvivakwa, kuvandudzwa kwega kwega mumaprotocol ehutano kana chirongwa chega chega chekuchengetedza, neimwe nzira, chine chekuita nezvikara zvikuru izvi.
Nezvikonzero zvese izvi, hazvishamise kuti kufa kwemhuka yakaita seGramma kwakaunza kudururwa kwemashoko erudo nekurangarira. Muchiitiko chake, iyo San Diego Zoo yakakoka mafeni nenzira yekufananidzira govera saladhi yemichero Mukukudza kwake, chiito chakapfava chinopfupikisa rudo rwakaunganidzwa nokuda kwekamba yaiita seisina kupera.
Kutsakatika kweGramma kunovhara chitsauko chakasarudzika munhoroondo yeGalapagos tortoise muhusungwa uye inosiya kumashure. nhaka yedzidzo, sainzi uye kuziva kwezvakatipoteredzaUpenyu hwake, hwagara kwemakore anopfuura zana, hwakashanda kuunza mamiriyoni evanhu pedyo nemhando yemhuka ichiri kuda kuchengetedzwa nhasi uye kuti, nekuda kwekuedza kwakarongeka muAmerica, Europe nedzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi, ane mukana mukuru wekurarama munguva refu.