Chii chinonzi Gorgon?
The Gorgon haasi mumwe wevanonyanya kuzivikanwa mavara muGreek mythology, kana kuti havasi vese vanovaziva nemazita. Kana tichitaura nezvemagonyo, tinoreva chikara chechikadzi icho chinoonekwa nekuve nehutsinye. Kune rumwe rutivi, kutora chikamu kwegorgon mungano dzechiGiriki kwakasiyana kwazvo nekwezvimwe zvisikwa.
Vakanga vasiri zvikara chete izvo vaGiriki vaitya, asi vaibatwawo nevamwe vanhu sevamwari vanotsigira mune mamwe masangano ezvitendero zvekare. Zita raGorgon rinobva muchiGiriki chekare γοργώ gorgo zvinoreva kuti zvaityisa, vaiva nesimba uye vaityiwa. Ngano dzinorondedzera magonero avakaita vanhu nemaziso avo chete.
Mufananidzo wegorgon wakashandiswa sechiratidzo chekunyevera uye kudzivirira. Vaigona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva kutemberi tsvene kusvika kune zvirongo zvewaini. Ngano dzechiGiriki dzinotaura nezvegorgons matatu makuru, Medusa, Gorgon anouraya uye anozivikanwa zvikuru munhoroondo, Esteno naEuríale, hanzvadzi dzake. Pasinei neizvi, vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kununura kuti magorgon akanga atoshandiswa kare kare aya matatu asati azivikanwa.
Kana iwe uchida kuverenga zvimwe zvinyorwa seizvi kubva kuGorgona, tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge vatambi vengano muchikwata chedu chengano.
classical tsika
Kune nzira dzakawanda dzakasiyana umo gorgons inomiririrwa. Zvakadaro, nzira yechinyakare yekuzviita inovaona vaine mapapiro egoridhe, nzwara huru dzebhuronzi uye nenyanga dzenguruve dzine simba mumiromo yavo. Kunyange zvazvo chiri chokwadi kuti ngano zhinji dzinotaura nezveizvi zvisikwa, dzakawanda dzerondedzero dzinosimbisa mazino adzo neganda renyoka, chimiro chazvo chikurusa.
Zvinofadza kuti mufananidzo wake waiwanzoshandiswa. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vaidavira kuti vakanga vari zvikara zveropa, izvo hazvina kuvadzivisa kushandiswa semazango edziviriro, naizvozvo vaionekwa mutembere. Pamusoro pezvo, kune zvimwe zvisikwa zvaive zvakabatana negorgon, shumbakadzi uye sphinxes zvaiwanzoonekwa pamwechete.
homeric tsika
Homer ndomumwe wevanyori vakabvunzwa zvakanyanya mungano dzekare, muzvinyorwa zvake anongotaura nezve Gorgon mumwechete. Musoro wake unomiririrwa muIliad serudzi rwekorona inopfekwa naZeus kuratidza simba rake. Kune rumwe rutivi, uyu musoro waGorgon une wakaenzana kune vanhu vanofa, uko unoshandura kuita contraption inozivikanwa seAgamemnon's shield.
Pasinei nerevo iyi muIliad, Odyssey, nhetembo yechiGiriki yakanyorwa naHomer pachake, inotaura imwezve yakasiyana kune gorgons apo inotsanangura kuti chikara chepasi pevhu chakaita sei. Kuonekwa kwemagorgon matatu hakuitike kusvika mugore re700 BC apo Hesiodhi inotaura nezvevatatu magorgon, vanasikana vehukama pakati pePhorcys naCeto, vamwari vemugungwa.
Medusa, Gorgon anozivikanwa zvikuru
Medusa ndiye Gorgon anozivikanwa zvikuru, kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vasingamuzivi nokuda kwechisikwa ichi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti aive hanzvadzi inofa. Nepo hanzvadzi dzake dzaive nechitarisiko chakashata, Medusa, kune rumwe rutivi, aive musikana akanaka kwazvo. Ngano inonyanya kuzivikanwa yeMedusa ndeyekuti anoshandura sei kuita chikara chakafanana nehanzvadzi dzake.
Nyaya yacho inotaura kuti Medusa aiva mudziviriri wetemberi yeAthena paakabatwa chibharo namwari Poseidon, achisvibisa chitarisiko chakachena chenzvimbo yacho. Athena, akatsamwa, anosarudza kutsiva Medusa uye anoshandura bvudzi rake kuita nyoka dzine uturu. Medusa aiva nemasimba akafanana nehanzvadzi dzake, aigona kushandura vanhu kuva dombo nekungovatarisa.
Kuguma kwehupenyu hweMedusa kunoitika nekuda kwegamba Perseus, uyo akagura musoro wake kuti ashandise sechombo kusvikira apa Athena kuti aise panhovo yake. Ndiyo nekuda kwenyaya iyi kuti Medusa inova chisikwa chinokosha mungano, zvichiita kuti iye, zvakare, mumwe wevanhu vanozivikanwa zvikuru muGreece yekare.
Mufananidzo weMedusa
Sezvatakambotaura, vanyori nevavezi venguva iyoyo vaifungidzira Medusa nehanzvadzi dzake sevanhu vanotyisa uye vanotyisa. Zvisinei, nyaya dzacho dzakasiyana zvachose, sezvo magwaro anotaura nezveMedusa semukadzi akanaka ane matama akanaka. Izvi, zvechokwadi, mufananidzo usati washandurwa, saka kune mavhezheni maviri eMedusa, musikana akanaka uye monster.
Hazvibviri kutsvagisa nhoroondo yeMedusa pasina kunzwa urombo kumunhu uyu. Airangirwa chimwe chinhu chaaisagona kudzivisa, nepo mupari wemhosva yacho asina kumborangwa. Medusa yakagamuchirwa nemasangano akasiyana-siyana evakadzi nhasi. Chifananidzo chake chakashandurwa kuti chirambe chiri chipingamupinyi chedziviriro, kunyange munguva dzazvino uno.
Unogona kuverenga zvimwe zvinyorwa seizvi pane yedu blog. Muchokwadi, tinokurudzira kuti uverenge Origin of the Universe maererano nemaMayans muchikwata chedu chengano.
Masimba ekudzivirira nekuporesa
Magogoni aionekwa sehunyambiri hwakanyanyisa, kune rumwe rutivi, aive mamonya anotyisa. Kune rumwe rutivi, vakakwanisa kuva zviratidzo zvedziviriro, kunyange vasati vataura magorgon matatu. MuGreece yakare dzaikweverwa kana kuti dzakanyorwa nechitarisiko chinotyisa, musoro wadzo unoyangarara, maziso adzo akatubuka, ganda radzo rakaita senyoka uye rurimi rwavo pakati pemazino avo. Mifananidzo iyi yakaiswa pamagonhi, pamadziro, pauriri, pamari, panhovo, pamakuva, mutemberi nemudzimba netarisiro yekuti yaizobvisa zvakaipa munzvimbo idzodzo.
Ngano dzinotsanangura kuti magorgon aive nemasimba anokatyamadza, anonyanya kuzivikanwa kuti aikwanisa kushandura zvipenyu kuita dombo nekungozvitarisa. Pasinei neizvi, ngano dzinotaurawo kuti kune zvisikwa zvakatonyanya kusimba kupfuura gorgons nokuti vakanga vasina kutukwa. Zvisikwa izvi zvamazvirokwazvo akanga ari madhimoni kana mweya ine miviri, vachengeti vemagogoni vairairwa neHadhesi.
Nhoroondo haina kunyatsojeka nezve mamwe masimba magorgon aive nawo. Vakawanda vanoti kutora ropa kubva kurudyi rwechisikwa ichi kwaizokwanisa kumutsa munhu akafa, nepo ropa kubva kuruboshwe rwayo raiva chepfu ine simba iyo yaigona kufa pakarepo. Iko kufungidzira kunobva munhema yokuti Athena akapa Asclepios kuporesa ropa, iro chaizvoizvo rakatorwa kubva kuruboshwe, saka akafa pakarepo.
Mabviro
Kuwana mavambo chaiwo emagorgon hakuna kuoma zvakadaro, sezvo pfungwa yavo ndeyekare mungano seyaPerseus naZeus. Zvisinei, kune nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinofunga kuti gorgons ndeyekare zvikuru kupfuura chitendero chechiGiriki.
Kutaura zvazviri, archaeologist marija gumbutas, inotendwa kuti inocherekedza prototype yeGorgon mune mamwe maNeolithic artifacts akabvuma kushandiswa kwechifananidzo ichi sechinhu chinodzivirira. Zvose mumidziyo yeanthropomorphic uye terracotta masikisi, zvaive zvichikwanisika kuona kuti chifananidzo chechisikwa chine maziso akajeka uye akakura chakaitwa sei, chavakadana kuti maziso aMwari.
tsika dzechinyakare dzechitendero
Kune rumwe rutivi, mazino e<em>gorgon, akafanana nenyoka, akanga ari rutivi rwemiitiro yakawanda yezvitendero zvechinyakare. Kunyange kana chaive chimwe chisikwa chakafanana, vazhinji vanongochibatanidza nekwakabva Gorgon. Ngano dzose dzechiGiriki dzine chinhu chimwe chete chakafanana: nhau yepakutanga yakanyangarika nokufamba kwenguva Nhasi, kune shanduro dzakasiyana, dzimwe dzakakurumbira kupfuura dzimwe, pamusoro pokuberekwa kwezvimwe zvisikwa, vanhu, kana kuti vamwari vanokosha.
Chokwadi ndechokuti tingasaziva kuti kwakabva kupi kana kuti nei yakaberekwa. Zvatingafungidzira ndezvekuti zvakave zvakakosha zvakakwana kune tsika, izvo zvakazoita kuti mufananidzo waro urarame makumi emakore uye makumi emakore ebudiriro.
Kana iwe uchida kuverenga zvimwe zvinyorwa seizvi kubva kuGorgona, tinokurudzira kuverenga mwari jupiter muboka rengano.
tsika dzinomiririra
Sezvatakambotaura kare, mufananidzo wegorgon wakashandiswa kubvira kare. Ichi chisikwa chengano chave chikamu chikuru chehunyanzvi uye tsika yeGreece yekare, uye yakashanduka zvakaringana kuti isvike nhasi. Medusa angangove mumwe weakanyanya kumiririrwa mavara mungano. Zvimiro zvake zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoburitsa kuti hunhu uhu hwakapfuura sei nemativi akasiyana, kubva pachikara kuenda kuchiratidzo chekudzivirira uye kunyangwe munhu akabatwa chibharo uye kutukwa.
Anozivikanwa nevhudzi rake rakazadzwa nenyoka mhenyu dzine uturu uye simba rake rinoshamisa rekushandura zvisikwa kuita dombo, Medusa chiratidzo chekare chakakurumbira. Kunyange iye zvino, munguva dzemazuva ano, mufananidzo weMedusa unogara uripo mutsika uye unyanzvi, kunyanya mubazi reunyanzvi hunoonekwa sepop art.
Mukurumbira weMedusa unopfuura uya wevamwe vanhu vazhinji vengano, vachiiswa pamusoro pemamwe magamba uye kunyangwe vamwe vamwari. Kumiririrwa kweMedusa ndiye protagonist wemabasa evamwe vane mukurumbira maartist akadai saLeonardo da Vinci, Peter Paul Rubens naPablo Picasso.
Kubva kare kusvika kuRenaissance
Chinangwa chechikamu chino ndechekudzidza kuti mufananidzo weMedusa wakamiririrwa sei munguva dzakasiyana uye tsika, kutanga kubva pakuzvarwa kwake. Musoro waGorgon waiva, kuvaGiriki vekare, chiratidzo chedziviriro. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mufananidzo wake waishandiswa nokuti waidavirwa kuti waigona kudzivisa kana kuti kudzivisa uipi, ndokusaka aiwanzoonekwa munzvimbo tsvene, dzakadai setemberi.
Kune rumwe rutivi, chifananidzo ichi chakatiratidza Gorgon uyo aimiririrwa nemeso akaputika zvikuru, mazino uye kuratidza rurimi rwake rwenyoka. Ichi chifananidzo chakashandiswawo panhovo yaAthena uye iyi yaive imwe yemifananidzo yake yakakurumbira kusvika panguva iyoyo. Kune rumwe rutivi, mufananidzo weMedusa hauna kuramba uripo chete nevaGiriki, sezvo muna 200 BC paiva neAlexander Mosaic, mufananidzo weRoma waiva muPompeii.
Mumifananidzo yakashata uye yechokwadi yechisikwa ichi, inogona kuonekwa neropa richiyerera kubva pasi pacho. Iyi ingangove vhezheni inokatyamadza kune avo vanonzwa nemifananidzo yemifananidzo.
MuRenaissance, vanyori venguva iyoyo vaimumiririra, pamwe chete naPerseus. Mumabasa aya, Perseus akaonekwa akabata musoro weMedusa, achitaura zvakananga kune ngano.
XIX remakore
Mushure meChimurenga cheFrance, mufananidzo weMedusa wakashandurwa kuita chiratidzo chakakurumbira cheJacobinism. Zvakare, raiwanzoshandiswa semufananidzo kumiririra rusununguko rweFrance. Mucherechedzo uyu waipikisa “rusununguko rwechiRungu” rwaimiririrwa nemufananidzo waAthena.
Kune radicals senge Percy Bysshe Shelley, mufananidzo weMedusa wakanga uri gamba rakashata. Mudzvinyiriri akanga atambura neudzvinyiriri, ane utera hukuru hwakavawo simba rake. Kune rumwe rutivi, Shelley akaburitsa nhetembo pamusoro peMedusa yaLeonardo da Vinci, achimuisa semunhu anomukira.
Kushandiswa kwemazuva ano
Tichisvika pane imwe nguva yazvino, tinowana mufananidzo wemusoro wakachekwa weMedusa, ndiwo unomiririrwa zvakanyanya mungano dzechiGiriki. Kumiririrwa kwaPerseus nemusoro weMedusa kwakashandiswa pachivharo chezvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana zve Edith Hamilton Mythology uye mamwe akawanda editions akazvipira kune iyi ndima.
Kune rimwe divi, mufananidzo weMedusa unoonekwawo mufashoni, sezvo iyo yekuItaly yakasarudzika brand Versace inoshandisa musoro weGorgon sechiratidzo chayo. Mune humwe hunyanzvi hwemazuva ano, mumiriri weMedusa ane musoro wePerseus ndiyo avatar yemafambiro akasiyana evakadzi.
Kana iwe wakanakidzwa nechinyorwa ichi, tinokukoka iwe kuti uenderere mberi uchiongorora iwo akasiyana mapoka pablog redu, aine zvinyorwa zvepakutanga zvakazadzwa neruzivo rwunoshamisa uye rwakakwana. Muchokwadi, isu tinokurudzira kuti uverenge yedu yazvino chinyorwa pa Orpheus.
Isu tinofarira zvikuru maonero ako, saka tisiye mhinduro kuti uzive zvaunofunga nezvechinyorwa cheGorgon.