Patinotaura nezveNyeredzi Tsvene , munhu wese anofungidzira kapu yegoridhe, inopenya inopa kusafa kana masimba emashiripiti. Zvisinei, kana tikaongorora, tinoona kuti tiri kubata nechimwe chezvinhu zvinonakidza zvetsika dzekuMadokero, musanganiswa wekutenda kwechitendero, mabhuku ehungwaru, uye ngano dzakapona kwemazana emakore.
Chinhu chinonyanya kushamisa ndechekuti hapana imwe chete nyaya iyi, asi pane dudziro dzakasiyana-siyana , kubva pakapu yakashandiswa naKristu paKudya Kwekupedzisira kusvika kudombo rinokosha rakadonha kubva kudenga. Kutsvaga uku nguva dzose kwechinhu chitsvene kwakaita kuti izwi iri rive fananidzo yepasi rose yechinangwa chipi nechipi chaunoda chinoratidzika sechisingabviri kuzadzikiswa, kungave mune sainzi, mushonga, kana hupenyu hwako.
Mavambo echizvino-zvino uye zviratidzo zvekutanga
Kuti tinzwisise kuti zvese izvi zvinobva kupi, tinofanira kutarisa izwi rekuti "grail." Rinoita serinobva pashoko rechiLatini rekuti " gradalis ," iro raireva ndiro kana tireyi yaipihwa zvekudya zvinonaka panguva dzakasiyana panguva yemabiko. Kutaura zvazviri, vamwe vanyori venhoroondo vemuzana remakore rechi13 vakatsanangura grail semudziyo wesimbi inokosha wakagadzirirwa kupa zvekudya zvinodhura nenzira yemhemberero.
Munyaya dzechitendero, kune nhoroondo dzekare kwazvo dzinotaura nezvekapu dzakakomborerwa. Semuenzaniso, magwaro emuzana remakore rechitanhatu akatotaura nezvekapu yeonykisi muBasilica yaConstantine muJerusarema. Gare gare, mugore ra670, kapu yesirivha ine mibato miviri yaigona kutakura marita maviri yakatsanangurwa, zvichiratidza kuti ndiyo chinhu chimwe chete chakashandisa Jesu uye chakazopfuudzwa kuvaapostora vake.
The Grail in Literature: Kubva kuTroyes kuenda kuWolfram
Kufambira mberi kukurumbira mumabhuku kwakauya nekuda kwaChrétien de Troyes muzana remakore rechi12. Mubhuku rake rinonzi Perceval , Grail inoonekwa sechinhu chisinganzwisisike chinopa baba vaFisher King chikafu nenzira inoshamisa. Chinonakidza apa ndechekuti Troyes haachitsananguri sechinhu "chitsvene," asi kungori Grail , achinyanya kusimbisa mubati wezvipo kupfuura mukombe wacho pachawo.
Gare gare, Robert de Boron akachinja chitendero ichi kuva chechiKristu, achichibatanidza naJosefa weArimatia . Sekureva kwake, Josefa akashandisa mudziyo uyu kuunganidza ropa raKristu panguva yekurovererwa pamuchinjikwa ndokuzouya naro kuBritain, kunyanya kuGlastonbury. Nyaya iyi yakachinja chinhu ichi kuita chisaririra chakazadzwa nezviratidzo zvechiYukaristiya zvine hutsinye, uko kuchena kwemoyo ndiko chete kwaidiwa kuti munhu asvike pachiri.
Kune rumwe rutivi, tine shanduro yechiGerman yakanyorwa naWolfram von Eschenbach munhetembo yake Parzival . Pano, Grail haisi mukombe, asi idombo rinokosha . Nyaya yaParzival rwendo rwekukura mumweya: anotanga sejaya risina ruzivo rakapfeka semuseki uye anozopedzisira ava Mambo weGrail mushure mekunzwisisa kuti hunhu hwechokwadi hahusi musimba, asi mutsitsi nekuzvininipisa.
Vakwikwidzi chaivo vezita reHoly Grail
Munhoroondo yese, masangano akasiyana-siyana akati ane zvisaririra zvechokwadi. Pakati peanonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeaya:
- Kapu Tsvene yeValencia: Kapu yeagate yemuzana remakore rekutanga iyo tsika dzechiAragonese dzinobatanidza neChidyo Chekupedzisira uye yakasvika pachechi huru yeValencia muzana remakore rechi15.
- Katino Mutsvene weGenoa: Ndiro yegirazi yegirini yakaunzwa nevarwi vechiKristu kubva kuKesariya, vachitenda kuti yakagadzirwa neemaradhi.
- Kapu yeO Cebreiro: Iri muGalicia, yakakomberedzwa nengano pamusoro pezvishamiso zveChidyo cheEucharist zvingadai zvakafuridzira ngano dzeEurope.
- Nhovo yeVienna Agate: Chikamu chepfuma yeHabsburg, kunyange hazvo zvidzidzo zvemazuva ano zvichiratidza kuti kunyorwa kwayo inhema yemaziso.
Kunewo dzimwe dzidziso dzisina kunyatsojeka, dzakadai sedzeNanteos Vase muWales, dzakagadzirwa nematanda, kana kuti Antioch Chalice, iyo nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoona seyekunyepedzera gare gare.
Grail nemimvuri yezvekuzivikanwa uye zvechiNazi
Kutenda kwakavanzika kwakakomberedza Grail hakuna kuguma muMiddle Ages. Muzana remakore rechi20, vanhu vakaita saAleister Crowley vakatsanangurazve kuburikidza nemaonero emashiripiti. Asi chakanyanya kuvhiringa kwaive kufarira kweThird Reich . Heinrich Himmler neSS vaive vakanyanya kufunga kuti Grail yaive sosi yesimba remadzitateguru rakabatana nekuchena kwerudzi rweAryan.
Muongorori Otto Rahn akatsvaga hukama pakati peCathars neGrail, zvichiratidza kuti yaimiririra simba remweya risingaonekwe. Zvinonzi Himmler akashanyira Montserrat Abbey achitsvaga ruzivo nezvechinhu ichi. Maonero aya akakanganiswa akasanganisa ngano dzaArthurian nepfungwa dzerusaruraganda , achitsauka zvachose kubva pane zvairehwa pakutanga zverudzikinuro nekutenda.
Zviratidzo nenhaka mutsika dzakakurumbira
Kupfuura chitendero nezvematongerwo enyika, Holy Grail yakasiya chiratidzo chisingakanganwiki paunyanzvi. Kubva paopera yaWagner inonzi Parsifal kusvika kumafirimu akaita seIndiana Jones neLast Crusade uye mabhuku akaita seThe Da Vinci Code , pfungwa yekutsvaga kusingapere ichiri kukosha. Dzimwe dzidziso dzemazuva ano dzinoti Grail yakanga isiri chinhu, asi dzinza reropa rakabva mukubatana kwaJesu naMaria Magdalene, kunyange izvi zviri ngano kupfuura nhoroondo.
Mundima yemitambo iripo iye zvino, mapurojekiti akadai semimhanzi inonzi The Adventures of the Holy Grail anoedza kuunza chakavanzika ichi pedyo nevechidiki, achisanganisa kutamba kwemumaguta nekutamba bhora kutsanangura kuti kapu inomiririra zvinoreva zvemweya zveEucharist uye kushanduka kwemunhu.
Kubva mungano dzeKnights of the Round Table uye kuchena kweGalahad, kuburikidza nesimbi inokosha inochengetwa mumacathedral, kusvika pakunyanya kufarira masangano epachivande, Grail inoramba iri chinhu chinokwezva vanhu kuti vade kuziva. Rwendo urwu, runotangira pamabiko echiLatin uye runogumira mutsika dzechivanhu, runotidzidzisa kuti zvatinonyatsotsvaga hazvisi mukombe wegoridhe, asi mhinduro kune hunhu hwedu uye mukana wekuwana nyasha dzakakwirira.