Rudzi rutsva rwe Datya regirazi raonekwa munzvimbo inochengeterwa zvisikwa yeEl QuimiNzvimbo yemakomo iri kure iri kumaodzanyemba kweEcuador, iyo kune masayendisiti mazhinji yave kunzi "nyika yakarasika" nekuda kwehuwandu hukuru hwemhuka dzinogara mumvura dzisina kutsanangurwa. Kuwanikwa uku, kwakabudiswa mumagazini yesainzi yePLOS, kunosimbisa pfungwa yekuti Andes dzinopisa dzichiri imwe yenzvimbo dzinonyanya kushanyirwa nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvisikwa pasi rose.
Kuwanikwa uku hakungowedzeri chete katarogu yemhuka dzinozivikanwa dzinogara mumvura nepanyika, asi kunoisawo pfungwa huru pa kusasimba kwezvakatipoteredza zveAndean mukutarisana nekuwedzera kwemigodhi nekurimaDatya idzva regirazi, rine dzinza rakatangira mamiriyoni emakore apfuura, rinogara munzvimbo ine vanhu vari kuwedzera nekukurumidza, zvichikonzera kutya pakati penyanzvi dzekuchengetedza nharaunda muLatin America neEurope.
"Nyika yakarasika" yemhuka dzinogara mumvura nepanyika muEl Quimi
Quimi imunhu nzvimbo yekuchengetedza zvisikwa iri munzvimbo ine makomo kumaodzanyemba kweEcuadorine masango ane makore uye nzira dzemvura dzinopa mamiriro akakodzera emhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka dzinogara mumvura nepagungwa. Munzvimbo iyi, timu yevaongorori vepasi rose yakaita nzendo mbiri dzesainzi muna 2017 na2018 kuti vanyore nezvemhuka dzemuno.
Munguva yezvidzidzo izvi, masayendisiti akawana kuti zvinopfuura 85% yemhando dzemhuka dzinogara mumvura dzakaonekwa hadzina kuverengerwa muzvinyorwa zvekareIzvi zvinosimbisa kuti nzvimbo iyi inoshanda senzvimbo ine zvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Kune vesainzi vekuEurope, vakajaira nharaunda dzakanyatsodzidza nezvezvakatipoteredza, mifananidzo yakaita seiyi inonyanya kushamisa.
Mishandirapamwe muEl Quimi yakarongwa nemuongorori Mylena Masache, kubva kuPontifical Catholic University yeEcuadoruyo akatungamira kuzivikanwa kwemhando dzakawanda dzaisazivikanwa kare. Pakati padzo paiva nedatya regirazi, iro rava kutsanangurwa zviri pamutemo serudzi rutsva kusainzi.
Nyanzvi dzinoona "nyika yakarasika" yeAndes seyakaenzana, pakukosha kwezvinhu zvipenyu, nenzvimbo dzinokosheswa zvikuru neEuropean Union mukushandira pamwe nezvirongwa zvekuchengetedza, zvichipiwa kugona kuchengetedza madzinza ekushanduka-shanduka ekare uye asina kudzidzwa zvakanyanya.
Datya idzva regirazi rinonzi Nymphargus dajomesae rakaita sei?
Mutambi mukuru wechidzidzo ichi idatya regirazi rinonzi Nymphargus dajomesaeZita iri nderekuremekedza Neisi Dajomes, mukadzi wekutanga wekuEcuador kuhwina menduru yegoridhe yeOlympic muTokyo 2020. Zita iri rinotsvaga kubatanidza kudada kwemitambo yenyika nekukosha kwenhaka yayo yechisikigo.
Rudzi urwu rwuri muboka re Matatya egirazi, mhuka dzinogara mumvura nepanyika dzinozivikanwa neganda radzo rinopenya kudivi redumbu, izvo zvinoita kuti munhu aone dzimwe nhengo dzemukati. Mune vamwe vanhu, moyo nezvimwe zvimiro zvinoonekwa nemaziso asina kupfeka, chinhu chinonakidza vanachiremba vezvekurapa pamwe neveruzhinji.
Kufanana nematatya mazhinji egirazi, Nymphargus dajomesae inogara miti yemasango emunzvimbo dzinopisaKazhinji kacho inobatanidzwa nehova dzakachena kwainokandira mazai ayo pamashizha anobuda mumvura. Kunyange zvazvo mhando imwe neimwe iine mavara ayo nehukuru hwayo, dzakawanda dzine ruvara rwegirini kumusana kwadzo uye ganda rakajeka riri pasi pemiviri yadzo.
Panyaya yerudzi urwu rutsva, vaongorori vanoti Dzinza rekushanduka-shanduka rinotangira kuPlioceneYakatanga makore angangoita mamiriyoni mana nehafu, zvichienderana neongororo yemajini kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe matatya akafanana nawo. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti yakapona shanduko huru dzemamiriro ekunze uye geology munharaunda yeAndes.
Dzinza rekare mune zvakatipoteredza riri pasi pekumanikidzwa
Kuti vaone kwakabva uye kwaive nenzvimbo yeNymphargus dajomesae mukati memuti wegirazi wematatya, chikwata chesainzi chakatendeukira ku Zvidzidzo zveDNA uye kuenzanisa kwakadzama kwechimiro nemarudzi atotsanangurwa muCentral neSouth America. Kusanganiswa uku kwemajini neanatomiyumu ndiko kunotibvumira kusimbisa kuti imhando itsva kwete rudzi rwemuno rweimwe yatozivikanwa.
Zvakabuda zvinoratidza kuti mhando iyi yakasiyana nehama dzayo dzepedyo muPliocene, zvichiita kuti ive uchapupu huripo hwenhoroondo ye geology yeAndesKuumbwa kwemakomo matsva, kuchinja kwenzizi, uye kuchinja kwekupisa kwaizove nevanhu vakasiyana, zvichibatsira kuti pave nemadzinza matsva.
Zvinoshamisa kuti, dzinza iri rekare rakawanikwa kuti makiromita mashoma kubva kunzvimbo dzekurima uye kune basa guru rekuchera migodhiMasayendisiti akatoona kudzikira kwehuwandu hwemhuka dzinogara mumvura munzvimbo dziri pedyo nemabasa ekuchera migodhi, maitiro anodzokororwa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzeLatin America uye anonetsa masangano ekuchengetedza eEurope.
Pari zvino hazvizivikanwe kana Nymphargus dajomesae iri munjodzi yepamutemo, asi kuva pedyo kwezviitiko izvi zvevanhu kunoratidza kuti mhando iyi inogona kunge iri munjodzi. kuva panjodzi munguva pfupi iri kutevera kana migumisiro yezvakatipoteredza ikasadzorwaKushaikwa kwedata renguva refu idambudziko rakajairika munzvimbo dziri kutanga tsvakiridzo yezvesainzi.
Boka rinonakidza: matatya egirazi
Kunyangwe vazhinji varipo ruvara rwegirini rwakanyanya kumusanaChinhu chinonyanya kushamisa chiri padumbu: ganda rakatetepa uye rinopenya zvekuti rinobvumira kuona nhengo dzemukati, mitsipa yeropa, uye kunyange kurova kwemoyo. Rudzi urwu rwekuchinja ruchiri kudzidzwa, uye fungidziro dzine chekuita nekutaurirana, thermoregulation, kana kudzivirira mhuka dzinodya mhuka dziri kufungwa nezvadzo.
Kune veruzhinji vekuEurope, vakajaira mhuka dzinogara mumvura dzine chitarisiko chisingaonekwe zvakanaka, senge matatya akajairika kana matatya emumadziva, kuvapo kwemarudzi "akajeka" kunowanzo shamisa. zvinoshamisa uye, panguva imwe chete, chishandiso chine simba chekudzidzisa kutsanangura kusiyana-siyana kwezvisikwa zvipenyu munzvimbo dzinopisa. Mamiziyamu nenzvimbo dzedzidzo muSpain nedzimwe nyika dzemuEurope dzave dzichishandisa mifananidzo yematatya egirazi mukuratidzira nezvemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvisikwa pasi rose.
Masayendisiti anosimbirira kuti, kupfuura chitarisiko chawo chinoshamisa, matatya aya anozadzisa basa rakakosha rezvakatipoteredza sezviratidzo zvehupenyuKunzwa kwayo kuchinja kwekupisa, hunyoro uye kusvibiswa kunoita kuti ikwanise kuona shanduko dziri kuitika mumvura nemasango nekukurumidza.
Quimi uye mafungu ekuwana zvinhu zvitsva zvemhuka dzinogara mumvura nepanyika
Kuwanikwa kweNymphargus dajomesae chikamu che Zvakawanikwa munguva pfupi yapfuura muEcuador zvakasiyana-siyana zvema amphibianZvizhinji zveizvi zvine chekuita zvakananga nemasango emakomo nemasango emakore akafanana neeEl Quimi. Izvi zvinosimbisa pfungwa yekuti nyika yeAndes ichiri kuchengetedza mhando dzakawanda dzemhuka dzisingazivikanwi.
Pakati pekufambira mberi kwakakosha pane tsananguro ye Pristimantis fergusoni Muna 2026, datya repanyika rakaita serakakora rine maburi madiki pamaziso aro nezvitsitsinho zvaro rakawanikwa mumasango emakomo marefu eTungurahua. Maumbirwo aro akasimba uye mhino pfupi zvinorisiyanisa nemamwe marudzi erudzi rumwe chete.
Yakaunzwa muna 2025 Pristimantis paganusInowanikwa mumatunhu eNapo nePastaza, mhando iyi inozivikanwa nemusana wayo mutema uye dumbu rayo rine mapatani akareruka emarble muhadzi. Kusiyana uku kwematani kunoita kuti ive nyore kusiyanisa nenyanzvi.
Yakaziviswawo muna 2025 Dendropsophus canateleiDatya idzva remuti rinobva kuEcuadorian Chocó, rine ruvara rwebrown uye mitsetse yakajeka, rinozivikanwa nekumhanya kwaro. Rudzi rumwe nerumwe rweizvi runopa ruzivo rwakakosha nezvekusiyana-siyana kwemhuka dzinogara mumvura munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemuno.
Zvakatotsanangurwa kare kumaodzanyemba kweAndes, mudunhu reLoja. mhando nhatu itsva dzePristimantis dzine chekuita nemasango emubamboo: P. chusquea, P. translucidus, naP. oculianitus. Pamusoro pezvo, rudzi rutsva, Urkuphryne, rwakawanikwa mumasango ane makore nemasayendisiti anobva kuPUCE. Izvi zvakawanikwa zvinoisa Ecuador senzvimbo inonyanya kutsvagurudza nezve herpetological, zvine zvazvinoreva kumapurojekiti epasi rose anosanganisira masangano eEurope.
Dambudziko riri kukura: migodhi, kuparadzwa kwemasango uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze
Chiri shure kwechido chesainzi chekutsanangura marudzi matsva ndechekuti: Kufambira mberi kwekuchera migodhi, kuparadzwa kwemasango, uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kuri kuisa njodzi kumhuka zhinji dzinogara mumvura nepanyika.kusanganisira izvo zvakawanikwa muEl Quimi. Kutemwa kwemasango, kusvibiswa kwenzizi, uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze madiki zvinokanganisa zvakananga mhando dzemhuka dzinonyanya kuvimba nemamiriro ekunze akagadzikana.
Muchiitiko chaicho cheNymphargus dajomesae, kuva pedyo kwe mabasa emigodhi nenzvimbo dzekurima dzakasimba Inoonekwa seimwe yenjodzi huru. Kuwedzera kwevhu mumigwagwa yemvura, kuvepo kwesimbi dzinorema, uye kushandiswa kwemakemikari ekurima ndizvo zvinhu zvakabatana nekuderera kwehuwandu hwemhuka dzinogara mumvura munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi.
Masangano epasi rose nemapurojekiti ekushandira pamwe pakati peEurope neLatin America anga achinyevera kuti Nzvimbo dzemumakomo eAndes dzinoita basa guru mukutenderera kwemvurazvese munharaunda nepasi rose. Kuparara kwenzvimbo idzi hakungokanganisi matatya chete, asiwo kuwanikwa kwemvura kunharaunda dzevanhu pamwe nekudzora mamiriro ekunze enzvimbo.
Masayendisiti anosimbirira pane kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kusimbisa matanho ekudzivirira Munzvimbo dzakadai seEl Quimi, huwandu hwemarudzi matsva hwakapfuura zvese zvaifungidzirwa pakutanga. Kuziviswa kwenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, kuongororwa kwakasimba kwezvakatipoteredza kwemapurojekiti ekuchera, uye dzidzo yezvakatipoteredza ndezvimwe zvezvishandiso zvinoonekwa zvakakosha pakuchengetedza nhaka iyi yechisikigo.
Kuwanikwa kwedatya regirazi rinonzi Nymphargus dajomesae munzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka yeEl Quimi kwave chiratidzo chezvasara kuwanikwa muAndes dzinopisa uye kuti zvinogona kurasika nekukurumidza sei kana matanho asina kutorwa nenguva. kusiyana kwedzinza rakatangira kuPlioceneKuwanda kwemarudzi matsva akanyorwa pasi uye kuwedzera kwekumanikidzwa kunobva mumabasa evanhu akadai sekuchera migodhi, zvakawanikwa izvi zvinoyeuchidza vesainzi, zvakare vari muEurope, kuti tsvakiridzo nekuchengetedza zvinofanira kufambidzana kana tichida kuvimbisa remangwana rezvisikwa zvakadaro zvisina kusimba asi zvinoshamisa.
