La changamire chikwereti Zviri pachena pamiromo yemunhu wese pese panotaurwa nezvematambudziko, kushomeka kwemari, kana mari yemubhadharo, asi hazvisi pachena nguva dzose kuti zvinorevei chaizvo kana kuti zvinokanganisa sei mari dzevanhuwo zvavo. Kunzwisisa zvakanaka ndiko kunokosha pakuziva zviri shure kwesarudzo dzehurumende, mafambiro emusika, uye misoro yenhau inoita seiri kure asi, muchokwadi, ichipesvedzera mabasa, mitero, uye kukura kwehupfumi.
Muchinyorwa chino tichatsanangura zvakadzama kuti chikwereti che sovereign chii. kuti inoburitswa sei, ndeapi marudzi ezvibatiso zviripo, ndeapi njodzi dzinobatanidzwa nazvo, uye nei zvichikosha kuhupfumi yenyika. Tichaita izvi nemutauro wakajeka, tichishandisa mienzaniso iri nyore uye tisingasiye chero chinhu chakakosha chinoonekwa muongororo dzehunyanzvi dzemabhanga makuru, vatariri vemidziyo kana masangano epasi rose.
Chii chinonzi chikwereti che sovereign uye chinoshandiswa kuitei?
Kana tichitaura nezvechikwereti chenyika, tiri kutaura nezvechikwereti che chikwereti chehurumende chakatorwa neHurumende kune vanokweretesa mariVangave vagari, mabhanga, mari yekudyara, kana dzimwe nyika, ndiwo mugove wezvisungo zvemari zvinoitwa nebazi rehurumende kuti ribhadhare mari yaro kana mari inowanikwa (kunyanya kuburikidza nemitero) isingakwani.
Kubva pamaonero anoshanda, chikwereti chehurumende chinomuka kana hurumende ikaburitsa zvibatiso zvemari zvakagadziriswa (mabhondi, mabhiri emari, madhibhiti echikwereti, kana zvimwe zvinhu) mumisika yemari. Machengetedzo aya zvibvumirano umo Hurumende inozvipira kubhadhara mari pazuva rakatarwa uye kubhadhara mubereko wakabvumiranwa pachine nguva.
Mumashoko akareruka, chikwereti chehurumende mari iyo hurumende ine chikweretiKana hurumende ichida kuvaka migwagwa, kugadzirisa zvipatara, kubhadhara mihoro yehurumende, kuisa mari mudzidzo, kana kuita chirongwa chekusimudzira hupfumi, uye mari yayo isingakwani, inoenda kumisika yokwereta. Inoita izvi nekutengesa zvikwereti zvechikwereti, izvo zviri zvipikirwa zvekubhadhara mune ramangwana, kuti iwane mari inodiwa nhasi.
Ani naani anotenga zvibatiso izvozvo (saver, bhangi, kambani yeinishuwarenzi, kana mari yepensheni) ari, chaizvoizvo, kukweretesa mari kuHurumendeNekuda kweizvozvo, inowana kodzero yekuunganidza mubereko nguva nenguva (makuponi) uye kudzosa mari yacho kana bond yapera. Maitiro aya ndiwo hwaro hwemari yehurumende yemazuva ano munyika zhinji.
Zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti chikwereti chenyika mupiro wekuzvidira, kwete mutero wekumanikidzwaHurumende haigone kumanikidza chero ani zvake kutenga mabhondi ayo; inofanira kupa mamiriro anoyevedza zvakakwana (purofiti, kuchengetedzeka, mari) kuitira kuti vanoisa mari vasarudze kuzvikweretesa mari yavo.
Mashandiro anoita chikwereti chehurumende mukuita
Kuburitswa kwechikwereti chehurumende kwakarongeka kuburikidza nezvinonzi misika yezvikwereti zveveruzhinjiHupfumi hwenyika imwe neimwe (muSpain, Hupfumi hweHurumende) hunoronga maokisheni enguva nenguva umo hunoisa mabhiri, mabhondi kana madhinari emari, ayo anopihwa kune vanoisa mari vakasiyana-siyana pamutengo wemubereko unoenderana nekudiwa.
Parizvino, ruzhinji rwezvishandiso izvi rwunotungamirirwa kuburikidza zvinyorwa zveakaunti kwete kuburikidza nezvitupa zvepepa. Kureva kuti, kodzero dzemudyari dzinonyoreswa nemagetsi muhurongwa hwekubvisa mari, uye hapana chitupa chemuviri chinogamuchirwa, sezvazvaive zvakaita kare ne "mapepa ehurumende" anozivikanwa.
Kana chikwereti chaburitswa mumusika wekutanga (mutengesi umo Hurumende inotengesa zvakananga masheya acho), masheya aya anotengeswa zvakasununguka pamusika we musika wechipiriIkoko, mudyari anogona kutengesa mabhondi ake kana mabhiri kune mumwe mudyari asati asvika pakupera kwemari, izvo zvinopa mari yekuwedzera: chero ani zvake anoda kudzosa mari yacho pachine nguva anogona kuita izvozvo nekutengesa chibatiso, kunyange zvazvo mutengo wacho ungave wakakwira kana wakaderera pane waakabhadhara.
Chikwereti cheveruzhinji chine basa rakakosha muhupfumi hwenyika. Kuburikidza nekuburitswa kwacho nekutarisira, chikamu cheveruzhinji chinokanganisa zvinhu zvakaita se... kuwanikwa kwemari, mubereko, mari inochengetwa, uye kufamba kwemariMune dzimwe nyika, bhangi guru rinoshandisa kutenga nekutengesa chikwereti chenyika senzira yekushandisa mari, zvichikanganisa mutengo wechikwereti nemamiriro emari ehupfumi hwese.
Zvisinei, munzvimbo dzemari dzakadai seEurozone, mutemo wezvemari uri pakati pe European Central Bank (ECB)Izvi zvinoreva kuti mabhanga makuru enyika akarasikirwa nekwanisi yekuzvigadzirira mwero wechikwereti kana kuderedza kukosha kwemari yavo kuti vawane makwikwi ekunze, izvo zvinoderedza kushandiswa kwechikwereti chehurumende senzira yekugadzirisa matambudziko emari kana kudzikira kwehupfumi.
Mhando dzezvikwereti zve sovereign: mabhiri, mabhondi, uye madebentures
Munyika dzakawanda, uye kunyanya muSpain, mhando dzakasiyana dzezvikwereti zvehurumende dzinosiyaniswa zvichibva pane zvavanoita zuva rekupera uye nzira yekubhadhara muberekoZvinowanzo shandiswa iTreasury bills, mabhondi ehurumende, uye zvisungo zvehurumende.
ari Mari yemari yemari Idzi imasheya enguva pfupi, ane nguva yekupera kwemwedzi mitatu, mitanhatu, mipfumbamwe, uye gumi nemiviri. Anoburitswa kuburikidza nekutengesa kwemwedzi mitatu, mitanhatu, mipfumbamwe, uye gumi nemiviri. Anoburitswa kuburikidza nekutengesa kwemwedzi mitatu uye anoonekwa sezvigadzirwa zvenguva pfupi, saka kuchinja-chinja kwemitengo yawo pamusika kunowanzova kushoma. Izvi zvinoreva kuti njodzi kune anodyara mari angangoda kutengesa nguva isati yakwana inowanzova yakaderera pane ane masheya enguva refu.
Tsamba idzi dzinotumirwa kuna discountMuchokwadi, mudyari anotenga kodzero yekuwana mari yakatarwa pazuva rinotevera (semuenzaniso, €1.000) nekubhadhara mari yakaderera nhasi (semuenzaniso, €990). Musiyano uripo pakati pemutengo wekutenga nemari yakagamuchirwa pakupera kwemari ndeyekudzoka kwemudyari, sezvo mabhondi aya asingabhadhare makuponi enguva nenguva: kudzoka kwese kwacho kwakanangana nekudzikiswa kwekutanga ikoko.
Pamusoro pemabhii, tinowana hurumende zvisungoMabhondi aya anopihwa aine makore matatu nemashanu ekuberekwa (uye dzimwe nguva mamwe makore ekuberekwa ari pakati nepakati, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neTreasury). Aya mabhondi anoshanda kwenguva yepakati uye, mune dzimwe nguva, kwenguva refu anobhadhara mubereko chaiwo kuburikidza nema coupons enguva nenguva, anowanzo kuve egore negore.
Chinhu chinoshamisa pane izvi zvisungo ndechekuti, kana zvaburitswa, mubereko wakatarwa (semuenzaniso, 2% pagore pamutengo wepamusoro). Mubereko uyu unobhadharwa nenzira yemakuponi, izwi rinobva panguva iyo zvibatiso zvaive zvepanyama uye zvaive nemakuponi madiki epepa akabatanidzwa aibvarurwa oendeswa kuti abhadharwe pamazuva akatarwa. Kunyange hazvo nhasi zvese zviri zvedhijitari, mutauro wezvemari wakaramba uchishanda.
ari zvinosungirwa neHurumende Dzine hunhu hwakawanda hwakafanana nemabhondi (kubhadhara kwemakuponi akagadziriswa, zvibatiso zvemabhuku, kutengeserana pamisika yechipiri), asi dzinosiyana zvakanyanya pakukura kwadzo: dzinowanzo kupihwa kwemakore gumi, gumi nemashanu, makumi matatu, kana kunyange makumi mashanu. Izvi zvinoita kuti dzive zvishandiso zvenguva refu, zvinokwezva vanoisa mari vanotsvaga mari yemubereko yakagadzikana nekufamba kwenguva uye vane chivimbowo nekugadzikana kwenyika mune ramangwana.
Kune vanochengetedza mari vadiki, mabhondi nedhipoziti zvinowanzova ne mari shoma yekudyara inosvika 1.000 eurosuye huwandu hwakawanda hunofanira kunge hwakapetwa nenhamba iyoyo. Kugadziriswa uku kwemutengo wezita kunobatsira kutengeserana uye kuwana zvibatiso kuburikidza nemabhangi, mabroker, kana zvakananga kuburikidza nemaakaundi akavhurwa nemasangano epamutemo akadai seBhangi reSpain.
Maitiro ekutenga chikwereti chehurumende: nzira dzekuwana mari kune vanoisa mari
Mugari anoda kuisa mari muchikwereti chehurumende ane zvakawanda nzira dzekuwana mazita ayaSemuenzaniso, kana uri muSpain, unogona kuenda zvakananga kuBhangi reSpain uchishandisa account chaiyo (inonzi account yakananga), kungave uri wega kana online, kuti utore chikamu mukutengeserana kwemusika.
Imwe nzira inowanzo shandiswa ndeyekutenga chikwereti chehurumende kuburikidza ne sangano rezvemari (bhangi, kambani yezvibatiso, kana sangano), iro rinoshanda semurevereri mukutengeserana kwekutanga uye musika wechipiri. Pakupedzisira, mudyari anotenga zvibatiso kubva kune vamwe vane mari vanoda kuzvitengesa, kwete zvakananga kubva kuHurumende.
Pane mukana zvakare wekuwana chikwereti chehurumende nenzira isina kunanga, kuburikidza mari yekudyara kana yepensheni izvo zvinosanganisira mabhondi nemabhiri emari kubva kunyika dzakasiyana muportfolio yavo. Nzira iyi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nevanoisa mari vadiki nekuti inovabvumira kusiyanisa makambani akawanda anoburitsa mari uye anosvika pakukura kwemari pasina kutenga mari imwe neimwe yakasiyana.
Muchikamu chemasangano, dzimwe nyika dzinoburitsawo chikwereti chemari yekunzezvakaita seyen yekuJapan, madhora ekuAmerica, mapaundi ekuBritain, kana maSwiss francs. Nyaya idzi dzakanangana zvakanyanya nevanoisa mari vakawanda (mabhanga, makambani einishuwarenzi, mari dzehupfumi dzehurumende, nezvimwewo) uye dzinowanzo sanganisira, pamusoro pengozi yechikwereti yenyika, njodzi yekuwedzera yekuchinjana kwemari kune avo vane mari kana midziyo isina mari iyoyo.
Hazvifanirwe kukanganwika kuti zvishandiso izvi zvese zvinotengeswa pamisika inotariswa (muSpain, Musika weZvikwereti zveVeruzhinji muFomu reKupinda muBhuku(inotarisirwa neBhangi reSpain), iro rinopa pachena mitengo neruzivo rwuripo, kunyange hazvo risingabvisi zvachose njodzi kune anoisa mari.
Zvakanakira nezvazvakaipira zvekudyara mari muchikwereti chenyika
Chikwereti chehurumende, kunyanya chinobva kunyika dzakabudirira dzine mareti akanaka echikwereti, chinowanzoonekwa sechikwereti che pfuma yakachengeteka zvishoma mukati menyika yekudyara mari. Inowanzopa purofiti iri pakati nepakati kana paine mukana wakaderera wekutadza kubhadhara zvikwereti, zvichienzaniswa nemisika yechikwereti chemakambani kana equity.
Pakati pezvakanakira zvayo pane dzakasiyana-siyana dzemazuva ekupedzisira uye mafomu inopihwa neHurumende yenyika: kubva pamabhiri enguva pfupi kusvika kumabhondi ari kukura kwemakumi emakore, kusanganisira mabhondi ari pakati. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti ugadzirise mari yako yekudyara zvichienderana nezvinangwa zvakananga, zvakaita sekuchengetedza kwemwedzi mishoma yekushandisa mari yakati kana kuronga mari yenguva refu, yenguva dzose.
Uyezve, kunyange zvazvo izvi zviri zvigadzirwa zve nguva yakatarwaKuvapo kwemusika wechipiri une mvura shoma kunoita kuti zvive nyore kune avo vanoda kudzosa mari yavo vasati vasvika pakupera kwemari kutengesa zvibatiso zvavo. Zvisinei, mutengo wavanokwanisa kutengesa nawo uchaenderana nemamiriro emusika panguva iyoyo, izvo zvinogona kukonzera purofiti kana kurasikirwa zvichienzaniswa nemari yekutanga yakashandiswa.
Zvisinei, chikwereti cheveruzhinji hachisunungurwi kubva njodzi dzinokoshaChimwe chezvinhu zviri pachena injodzi yemubereko: kana mudyari akatengesa bond isati yasvika pakupera kwemari munzvimbo ine mubereko wakakwira zvichienzaniswa nenguva yaakatenga, bond harizonyanyi kukwezva semabond matsva anoburitswa nemitengo yakakwira, saka mutengo wemusika unowanzova wakaderera pane waakabhadhara.
Imwe njodzi huru ndiyo inonzi njodzi yechikwereti kana njodzi yekutonga: mukana (zvisinei nekuti uri kure sei mune dzimwe nyika) wekuti Hurumende ingasakwanise kubhadhara, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kubhadhara mari kana kuti ikwanise kubhadhara DefaultMikana iyi inoratidzwa muchiyero chechikwereti chinopihwa nemasangano anoongorora zvikwereti uye mumutengo wengozi unodiwa nevanoisa mari kuti vatenge chikwereti ichocho.
Chikwereti chehurumende sechinhu chisina njodzi
Mumisika yemari, vanhu vanowanzotaura nezve chikwereti chemhando yepamusoro che sovereign sepfuma isina njodzi kana pfuma isina njodziMuchokwadi, chibatiso chinobva kunyika ine kugadzikana kwakasimba kwehupfumi uye mukurumbira wekubhadhara zvakanaka, kazhinji kacho chine makore gumi ekuberekwa, chinotorwa uye chinoshandiswa sechiyereso chekuyera njodzi yevamwe vanopa mari.
Padanho repasi rose, mienzaniso miviri yekare yerudzi urwu rwekutarisa ndeiyi Zvibvumirano zveUS Treasury zvemakore gumi (inozivikanwa seT-Notes) uye chisungo cheGermany chemakore gumi, icho chakakurumbira bundPurofiti yayo inoonekwa sedanho diki iro mari dzinodyarwa dzisina njodzi yechikwereti dzinofanira kubhadharwa mumari dzadzo.
Musiyano uripo pakati pemubereko wechikwereti chenyika nechikwereti chisina njodzi unonzi ngozi yepamberiSaka, kana bond yeSpain yemakore gumi ichibereka 3% uye German Bund ichibereka 1,5%, mari yeSpanish risk premium ichava 150 basis points (1,5 percent points), zvichiratidza maonero akanyanya enjodzi kubva kune vanoisa mari.
Munguva yedambudziko rechikwereti cheEurozone, mari iyi yekuwedzera njodzi yakakwira zvikuru kunyika dzinoverengeka dziri kunze kwenyika (dzakadai seSpain, Italy, nePortugal), zvichiratidza kuti misika yakaona kuwedzera kwemukana wezvinetso zvekukwanisa kubhadhara mari kana mamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa, akadai sekusiya euro kana kugadzirisa zvikwereti. Gare gare, kupindira kweECB, nemashoko ane simba akadai seaMario Draghi ane mukurumbira wekuti "ita chero chinotora" muna 2012, kwakabatsira kudzikamisa kusawirirana uku.
Zvisinei, kunyange nhasi uno, apo mari yemubhadharo wengozi yakaderera, kumwe kuchinja kwemitengo yemubereko wehurumende kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvisina chekuita nenjodzi chaiyo yekusabhadhara chikwereti, zvakaita sekuchinja kuri kuitika mu kudzivirira njodzi pasi rose yevanoisa mari kana mamiriro emari mumisika yemari yakatarwa, saka zvinokurudzirwa kududzira maspredishi aya nekungwarira.
Basa rechikwereti chehurumende muzvirongwa zvekudyara mari
Chikwereti cheveruzhinji chine nzvimbo huru mu marongerwo epotefolio yekudyara mariInoshandiswa nevanoisa mari muzvitoro, kunyanya masangano makuru emari. Inoshanda senzvimbo yekuchengetedza, nzvimbo yekuwana mari nguva dzose, uye chiyero chekukoshesa zvimwe zvishandiso zvemari.
Zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvakagadzirwa, zvinobva muzvigadzirwa, kana mari zvinoshandisa chikwereti chehurumende sechinhu chiri pasi pemutemo kana sechiyero. Semuenzaniso, mabhondi ehurumende enyika emakore gumi anogona kushanda sehwaro hwekuverenga kukosha kwechikwereti chemubereko kana kuvaka indekisi yemuhoro yakatarwa inodzokororwa nemari dzinotengeswa nevanochinjana (ETFs) kana mari dzechinyakare.
Hunhu hwechikwereti chechikwereti ichi hunoongororwa ne masangano ekuyera, dzakadai seStandard & Poor's (S&P), Fitch kana kuti Moody'sMasangano aya anopa ma ratings (AAA, BBB, nezvimwewo) anoratidza ongororo yavo yekugona kwenyika uye kuda kwayo kuzadzisa zvisungo zvayo. Kana rating yacho yakakwira, mari yengozi inodiwa nemusika inoderera uye, nokudaro, mari yekubhadhara hurumende inoderera.
Kunyangwe zvakadaro, masangano anoongorora mafambiro ebasa (rating agencies) ane gakava. Akatsoropodzwa nekuda kwezvinotaurwa kuti anozviti kushaya kuzvimiririra uye kusawirirana kwezvidoMari idzi dzinowanzo kubhadharwa nevanopa zvikwereti ivo pachavo vanotsvaga gwaro rechikwereti. Hukama uhwu hunogona kugadzira zvinokurudzira zvisina kunaka uye hwave huri nyaya yekukurukurirana kwakanyanya, kunyanya mushure medambudziko remari ra2008.
Muchokwadi, kana sangano rikadzikisa chiyero chenyika (a downgrade), vanoisa mari vanowanzo kumbira a mari yakawanda inodzoka kuti urambe uchitenga chikwereti ichochoIzvi zvinowedzera mutengo wemari yehurumende uye zvinogona kukonzera dambudziko guru: mubereko wakawanda wekubhadhara, kushomeka kwemari yakawanda, kudiwa kwakawanda kwekubhadhara chikwereti chitsva uye, pamwe, kusava nechokwadi kwakawanda nezvekugara kwenguva refu kwayo.
Njodzi huru, mari yemubhadharo wengozi uye zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana
Iko kufona njodzi huru Izvi zvinoreva zvinhu zvinogona kuita kuti nyika ive nematambudziko ekubhadhara chikwereti chayo. Zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvemari (huwandu hwekushomeka kwemari, chiyero chechikwereti-ku-GDP), zvinhu zvematongerwo enyika (kusagadzikana, kusava nechokwadi kwemitemo), zvinhu zvehupfumi (kukura, kushaya mabasa, kuenzanisa kwekutengeserana), uye kunyange zvinhu zvemasangano (hunhu hwehurongwa hwematare, kushanda zvakanaka kwehutongi).
Nzira yakajairika yekuyera kuti misika inoona sei njodzi iyi, sezvambotaurwa, ndeyekutarisa Mutengo wengozi wemakore gumi zvichienzaniswa nechikwereti chebhenji chakaita seGerman Bund. Zvisinei, chiyero ichi chinosanganisirawo zvimwe zvinhu, zvakaita semamiriro emari yemusika kana shanduko huru mukusada njodzi yevanoisa mari munguva dzekushushikana kwenyika.
Saka, mamwe maongororo akaomarara anoshandisa matekiniki ehuwandu, akadai se principal components analysis, kuparadzanisa mukushanduka kwemitengo yemubereko yehurumende chikamu ichi nekuda kwezvinhu zvakafanana (semuenzaniso, mutemo wemari weECB, mafambiro emitengo yemubereko wepasi rose) uye chikamu chinokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana zvenyika imwe neimwe (senge njodzi dzezvematongerwo enyika dzemuno kana zviitiko zvemuno).
Kushandisa mhando idzi dzezvishandiso, zvakaonekwa kuti, mumakore achangopfuura, kushanduka kwe Chikwereti chevanhu vose muSpain Hazvitsanangurwi zvakanyanya nezvinhu zvayo (njodzi yenyika) asi zvakawanda nezvinhu zvakajairika, zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvinopa mari muzvipatara zvakaita seItaly kana Portugal, uko zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoramba zvichikanganisa maitiro emari yavo yemutero.
Chimwe chiitiko chinonakidza chinosanganisira kuenzanisa mubereko wemusika wakaonekwa kwechikwereti chemakore gumi chine mwero wakafanotaurwa nemuenzaniso unofunga nezvezvinhu zvakajairika uye zvisingaenderane. Kana mwero wakacherechedzwa wakaderera pane wakafanotaurwa, zvinogona kududzirwa sechiratidzo chekuti vanoisa mari vari kunyanya kukoshesa maonero ehupfumi hwenyika kana kuvimbika kwemutemo wayo wezvemari.
Chikwereti chehurumende nemamiriro ezvinhu pasi rose: mwero wezvikwereti
Tichitarisa mufananidzo wose, data kubva kuWorld Bank nemamwe masangano rinoratidza kuti nyika zhinji dzinokwanisa zvikwereti zveveruzhinji zvakakwirira kwazvo maererano nehupfumi hwenyika (GDP). Chiratidzo ichi (chikwereti chehurumende chepakati sechikamu cheGDP) chinobatsira kuongorora mutoro wechikwereti pakugona kwehupfumi kugadzira zvinhu.
Mune dzimwe nyika dzakabudirira uye dziri kusimukira, nhamba dzakakwira kupfuura 100% yeGDPSemuenzaniso, nyika dzakadai seJapan, dzine tsika yekutungamira nenhamba dzezvikwereti zvepamusoro, dzichiteverwa nedzimwe dzakadai seJamaica, United Kingdom kana Bhutan, idzo dzakasvikawo padanho riri pamusoro pe100% mumakore akati wandei akaongororwa.
Kana tikaongorora data repakati pemakore ekuma2010, tinogona kuona kuti nyika dzakadai se Singapore neSpain Vakanyorawo zvikwereti zvehurumende yepamusoro pamusoro pe100% yeGDP mune mamwe makore, nepo United States yaive pasi pechiyero ichocho, ine zvikamu zvakafanana asi zvakaderera.
Nhamba idzi hadzirevi kuti nyika ichava nematambudziko ekubhadhara, asi dzinoisa pfungwa huru pa kugara kwenguva refu kwechikweretiZvinhu zvakaita sekukura kwehupfumi, mwero wemubereko, chivimbo chemusika, uye kurangwa kwemari zvakakosha pakuona kana zviyero izvi zvichigona kugadziriswa kana kuti zvichikonzera kusagadzikana.
Uyezve, mashandiro echikwereti chehurumende munyika dzinoonekwa sedziri pasi penyika dziri muEurozone akawedzera zvakanyanya kubva pakanyanya dambudziko iri, kunyangwe Kumhanya kwekuvandudza kwave kusina kuenzana.Mumakore achangopfuura, zvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi munzvimbo imwe chete zvakaonekwazve, zvichikanganisa hupfumi hwega hwega nenzira dzakasiyana uye zvichisimbisa kukosha kwekuongorora nyaya imwe neimwe yega.
Mhedzisiro yechikwereti chehurumende pahupfumi chaihwo
Chikwereti cheveruzhinji hachisi nyaya yemisika nemachati chete; chine kukanganisa zvakananga hupenyu hwehupfumi yemunyika. Kana Hurumende ichifanira kubhadhara mubereko wakawanda pachikwereti chayo, chikamu chikuru chebhajeti chinoiswa pakugadzirisa chikwereti ichocho, zvichiita kuti pave nenzvimbo shoma yezvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sehutano, dzidzo, zvivakwa, kana marongero emagariro evanhu.
Chikwereti chakawanda chinogona kuita kuti hurumende dziite zvirongwa zve kugadzirisa kana kuderedza mutengo Kuedza kudzora kushomeka kwemari, izvo zvinowanzoita kuti mitero iwedzere, kuderedza mari inoshandiswa, kana kuti kugadzirisa marongerwo emari. Sarudzo idzi dzinokanganisa zvakananga mabasa, kushandiswa kwemari, uye mari yekudyara yemunhu oga, uye dzinogona kuwedzera mamiriro ehupfumi hwemhuri munguva pfupi.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kutarisira zvikwereti zvine hungwaru uye zvinovimbika kunogona kubatsira kuchengetedza mubereko uri pakati nepakatiIzvi zvinoita kuti mabhizinesi nemhuri vawane mari, zvinokurudzira mari yekudyara, uye zvinotsigira kukura kwenguva refu. Kuvimbika kwemari, nenzira iyi, chinhu chakakosha sepfuma yenyika pachayo.
Chikwereti chehurumende chinokanganisawo kugona kugadzirisa matambudzikoNyika ine mari yakanaka inowanzova nenzvimbo yakawanda yekukwereta kana paine kudzikira kwakanyanya kwehupfumi, kuita zvirongwa zvekusimudzira kana rubatsiro runoshamisa. Kusiyana neizvi, kana ikatotanga kubva pahuwandu hwezvikwereti zvakakwirira, inogona kuona kuti misika inoda mari yakawanda yekuwedzera mari zvekuti chero kuedza kuwedzera mari kunova kunodhura kana kuti kusingagoneke.
Zvese izvi zvinoratidza kuti chikwereti chehurumende, kana chikatarisirwa zvakanaka, chinogona kuva chishandiso chinobatsira pakugadzirisa mamiriro ehupfumi, kupa mari yekudyara mari inobudirira, uye kuchengetedza hurumende yemagariro evanhu, nepo kushandiswa kwayo zvisina kunaka kana kusarongeka kuchigona kutungamira ku Kusagadzikana kwemari, kurasikirwa nechivimbo, uye dambudziko rezvikwereti nemhedzisiro inogara kwenguva refu pakugara zvakanaka kwevanhu.
La chikamu chikuru chemuchina wehupfumi Ndiyo nzira iyo Hurumende inozviriritira nayo kana mari yakajairika isina kukwana, pfuma iyo vazhinji vanochengetedza mari vanotsvaga kuchengetedzeka uye purofiti iri pakati nepakati, thermometer inoshandiswa nemisika kuyera njodzi yenyika, uye chinhu chikuru chinotsigira kugadzikana kwehupfumi hwenyika pamwe nedanho rehurumende rekugadzira marongero ehurumende anochengetedza.
