Tinoona zviri mukati meMariana Trench, nzvimbo yakadzika kwazvo mumakungwa epasi redu. Nzvimbo yakakonzera kuda kuziva kwevaongorori uye chero ani zvake ane chido chepasi, makungwa, uye/kana zvakavanzika zvavainazvo.
Saka, nhasi tinoda kutaura nezveMariana Trench, kuti chii, zviri mukati mayo, uye kuti nei yave ichikwezva vanhu vakawanda kubvira payakatanga kuzivikanwa.
Iyo Mariana Trench
Mugero weMariana unotyisa asi unonakidza uri pasi pePacific Ocean , kumabvazuva kweZvitsuwa zveMariana, kwawakabva zita rawo. Ndiwo mugero wegungwa wakadzika kwazvo uripo, kana kuti wakadzika kwazvo unozivikanwa kusvika pari zvino. Unosvika pakadzika kweanenge mamita 11.034 panzvimbo yawo yakadzika kwazvo , iyo Challenger Deep.
Inzvimbo yakakonzera kufarirwa kukuru munharaunda yesainzi nekuti inopa ruzivo rwakawanda nezvenhoroondo yeNyika uye kuumbwa kwegomba rayo regungwa. Matombo nemadhaka ari pasi peMariana Trench ane zvakawanda zvekuudza vanoongorora geology; vanogona kuratidza ruzivo nezvemaplate etectonic kana zviitiko zve seismic, semuenzaniso. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvemaplate aya, unogona kuverenga nezvechimiro chechokwadi cheNyika.
Nzvimbo iyi inoshamisa, ine zvakawanda zvekutidzidzisa, inotarisana, sehuwandu hwakawanda hwenzvimbo dzemugungwa, nenjodzi yekusvibiswa uye kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa nevanhu. Kukosha kwayo kukuru kunoreva kuti inofanira kuchengetedzwa uye kuchengetedzwa; inzvimbo yenhaka yechisikigo. Nzvimbo yakasiyana inonakidza vanofamba-famba nesainzi zvakafanana. Nzvimbo inoonekwa sechiyeuchidzo chenyika chegungwa, yakaziviswa seUNESCO World Heritage Site musi wa12 Kubvumbi, 2017 .
Nhasi uno, mabasa mazhinji evanhu, akadai sekuchera migodhi, kuchera, uye kubata hove dzekutengeserana nedzekunakidzwa, hazvibvumidzwe. Zvitsuwa zvinopa zita remugero uyu zvakakosha zvikuru kutsika dzePolynesia neMicronesia. Zvinosanganisira zvitsuwa gumi nemana zvinoumba Commonwealth yeNorthern Mariana Islands nenzvimbo yeGuam.
Zita rezvitsuwa, uye nekudaro zita reMugero, rinobva kuna Mambokadzi weSpain Mariana weAustria (1634-1696), mudzimai waPhilip IV weSpain.
Zvakatanga sei?
Mugero weMariana wakabva pakuroverana kwemaplate maviri etectonic : Pacific Plate nePhilippine Plate. Mugero wePacific Plate unotsvedza pasi pePhilippine Plate (maitiro anozivikanwa se subduction), zvichigadzira mugero mukuru, mukaha, kana mukaha pasi pegungwa. Kana uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezvechiitiko ichi, ona chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pekuti chii chinonzi Mariana Trench.
Chii chatingawana mukati meMariana Trench?
Tinoziva kuti Mariana Trench ndiyo nzvimbo yakadzika kwazvo mugungwa, asi haisiyo nzvimbo iri pedyo nepakati peNyika. Nyika yedu yakaumbwa sedenderedzwa rakaita sedenderedzwa, zvichireva kuti haisi denderedzwa rakakwana, sezvo radius yayo iri diki kusvika 25 km pamativi epasi kana tichienzanisa ne equator. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mamwe mativi egungwa (senge zvikamu zveArctic Ocean) ari pedyo nepakati peNyika kupfuura nzvimbo yakadzika kwazvo yeMariana Trench.
Hupenyu hwemumvura
Kunyangwe zvingaita sekunge zvakaoma nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kukuru, Mariana Trench haisi nzvimbo isina vanhu vakawanda; kutaura chokwadi, ndiyo musha wemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvisikwa zvemugungwa. Magamba makuru, magakanje eMariana, uye makonye epolychaete zvese zvinowanikwa imomo. Mhando dzese idzi dzakajairwa nemamiriro emugero, anosanganisira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, tembiricha yakaderera, uye rima. Maminerari netupukanana tunodya pairi zvinogona kuwanikwawo . Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvehupenyu munzvimbo iyi, unogona kutarisa chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pehupenyu hwemhuka muMariana Trench.
Chikamu chikuru chemhuka dzinogara ikoko imhuka hombe , uye patinoti hombe, tinoreva hombe hombe—dzisina kufanana nehama dzadzo dzisina kudzika mumvura. Kana uchifarira nyika yemhuka, unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezvayo.
Kushingaira
Kudzika kukuru kwemugero kunoguma nekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya pasi pawo, kusvika pa1086 bar . Izvi zvinoreva kuti hupenyu huri pamusoro hahugone kurarama pakadzika ikoko. Zvisikwa zvipenyu chete ndizvo zvinogona kurarama ipapo.
Kunyangwe paine dambudziko iri, vanhu vakakwanisa kusvika panzvimbo yakadzika kwazvo yemugero. Muna 1960, muongorori wekuSwitzerland Jacques Piccard naLieutenant weU.S. Navy Don Walsh vakasvika panzvimbo yakadzika kwazvo , iyo inonzi Challenger Deep. Nekuda kweizvi, vakafamba nechikepe cheTrieste chebathyscaphe ndokusvika panzvimbo yakadzika kwazvo yati yambodzikira mugungwa. Kubva ipapo, mhando itsva dzehove, crustaceans, mollusks, zvisikwa zvine sero rimwe chete, uye mabhakitiriya zvakawanikwa ikoko zvinogona kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa emugero. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvekubudirira uku, tarisa chinyorwa chedu pamusoro pekuti ndiani akadzika kusvika panzvimbo yakadzika kwazvo pasi rose.
Kubva ipapo, nzendo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakaitwa, dzakadai sedza2011, 2014 kana 2017, dzave dzichiwana mhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka dzairatidza kubatana pakati pekudzika kwegungwa uye hugantism yevagari vayo.
Kupisa kwakanyanya
Tembiricha iri pasi pegungwa inotonhora; pasi pemugero wakadzika, iri kutonhora, iri pakati pe1 ne4°C. Asi mugero uyu unewo maburi emvura inopisa, uye pedyo nawo, tembiricha inodarika 500°C nekuda kwemagma. Mamwe emaburi aya anenge ari machimney akaita sedenderedzwa anoumbwa nezvicherwa zvaanoburitsa uye musiyano uripo pakati petembiricha yezvinhu zvinoburitswa mumaburi emvura nemvura inotonhora iri pasi pegungwa. Kana uchida kudzidza nezvemvura netembiricha yayo, tinokukoka kuti uverenge nezvemvura yegungwa.
Kudzika nerima
Kuti mugero wakadzika kwakajeka, asi kuti tinyatsonzwisisa kudzika kwawo, tinogona kuuenzanisa negomo refu kupfuura mamwe ose pasi pano. Dai taiisa Gomo reEverest mukati memugero, kukwirira kwaro kwaizoramba kuri pamusoro pemvura kupfuura mamita zviuru zviviri. Panzvimbo yakadaro, chiedza chezuva hachisviki uye rima harina kukwana; saka, mhuka dzinogara imomo dzakajaira mamiriro ezvinhu aya.
