Isu tinowana zviri mukati meMariana Trench, nzvimbo yakadzika mumakungwa yepasi redu. Nzvimbo yakamutsa kuda kuziva kwevaongorori uye chero munhu ane predilection yepasi, makungwa uye / kana zvakavanzika mukati maro.
Naizvozvo, nhasi tinoda kutaura nezve Mariana Trench, kuti chii, Chii chiri mukati uye nei chakwezva vanhu vakawanda kudaro? sezvo zvichizivikanwa.
Iyo Mariana Trench
Iyo inoshungurudza uye, panguva imwechete, inonakidza Mariana Trench ndeye iri pasi pePacific Ocean, iri kumabvazuva kweMariana Islands kunobva zita rayo. Ndiro mugero wakadzika wemugungwa uripo kana, zvirinani, unozivikanwa nhasi. Hachina chimwe chinhu uye hapana chiri pasi pechimwes 11.034 metres kudzika muchikamu chayo chakadzika, Challenger Deep.
Inzvimbo yakamutsa kufarira kukuru kunharaunda yesainzi nekuti inopa a Inoyevedza kugona kweruzivo nezve nhoroondo yePasi uye kuumbwa kwegoko rayo oceanic. Matombo nemarara ari pasi peMariana Trench ane zvakawanda zvekuudza geologists; vanogona kutitaurira nezve tectonic plates kana seismic zviitiko, semuenzaniso. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve mahwendefa aya, unogona kuverenga nezve chimiro chaicho chepasi.
Iyi inzvimbo inoshamisa ine zvakawanda zvekutidzidzisa zviso, sezvinoitika nehuwandu hwehupenyu hwemugungwa, iyo kutyisidzira kwekusvibiswa uye kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa noruoko rwomunhu. Kufarira kwayo kukuru kunoreva kuti inzvimbo yekudzivirira nekuchengetedza, inhaka yechisikigo. Nzvimbo yakasarudzika inonakidza vafambi uye masayendisiti. Nzvimbo inoonekwa sechiyeuchidzo chenyika yegungwa uye kuti muna Kubvumbi 12, 2017 yakabva pakuva Nhaka yehupenyu neasco.
Nhasi varipo mabasa akawanda evanhu anorambidzwa semigodhi nekuchera kana zvese zvekutengesa uye zvemitambo hove. Zvitsuwa pachazvo zvinopa zita razvo kumugero inzvimbo dzinokosha zvikuru kutsika dzePolynesia neMicronesia. Kune zvitsuwa gumi nezvina zvinoumba Commonwealth yeNorthern Mariana Islands, uye dunhu reGuam.
Zita rezvitsuwa uye, naizvozvo, iro reFosa, rinokonzerwa ne Mambokadzi weSpain Mariana weAustria (1634-1696), mudzimai waPhilip IV weSpain.
Zvakatanga sei?
Iyo Mariana Trench ine mavambo ayo mune kudhumhana kwemahwendefa maviri etectonic: Pacific Plate uye Philippine Plate. Yekutanga yeaya maviri inonyura pasi pechipiri (chimwe chinhu chinozivikanwa sekudzikisa), kugadzira mugero muhombe, gomba, kana kutsemuka pasi pegungwa. Kana iwe uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezve chiitiko ichi, tarisa chinyorwa chedu pa Chii chinonzi Mariana Trench?.
Chii chatingawana mukati meMariana Trench?
Tinoziva kuti Mariana Trench ndiyo yakadzika nzvimbo mugungwa, asi Haisi iyo iri pedyo nepakati pePasi. Nyika yedu yakaumbwa kunge oblate spheroid, kureva kuti, haisi bhora rakakwana sezvo radius yaro ichiita diki 25km pamapango maererano neiyo equator. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mamwe mativi egungwa (sezvikamu zveArctic Ocean) ari pedyo nepakati pePasi pane pakadzika peMariana Trench.
Hupenyu hwemumvura
Kunyangwe zvingaite sekunge zvakaoma nekuda kwekudzvinyirirwa kukuru kwenzvimbo, haina kugarika zvachose, asi mugero unogara kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvipenyu zvemugungwa. Inogona kuwanikwa giant clams, Mariana crabs kana polychaete worms. Zvose izvi zvipenyu zvinogadziriswa kumamiriro egomba, izvo zvinosanganisira kudzvinyirira kukuru, kutonhora kwakadzika uye rima. Uyezve, unogona kuwana dhipoziti yemaminerari uye ma microorganisms izvo zvinodya pazviri. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvehupenyu munzvimbo ino, unogona kubvunza chinyorwa chedu hupenyu hwemhuka muMariana Trench.
Chikamu chinokosha chemhuka dzinogara imomo hofori yemhando, uye kana tichitaura pamusoro pehofori tinoreva hofori, hapana chakafanana nehama dzavo dzemvura dzisina kudzika. Kana iwe uchifarira nyika yemhuka, unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezve.
Kushingaira
Hudzamu hukuru hwegomba hunoita kuti kudzvinyirirwa kuzasi kwaro kuve kwakanyanya, kunosvika 1086 bar. Ndiko kuti, hupenyu hwakatikomberedza pamusoro hahugoni kurarama pakadzika. Izvo zvipenyu zvakagadziridzwa kune aya marudzi emamiriro ezvinhu anogona kurarama mairi.
Kunyange nedambudziko iroro, vanhu vakakwanisa kusvika pakadzika kwazvo mugomba. Muna 1960, muongorori weSwitzerland Jacques Piccard uye United States Navy Lieutenant Don Walsh vakakwanisa kusvika pakadzika dzika., Challenger Deep. Nekuda kwekuita uku, vakakwira mubathyscaphe Trieste uye vakakwanisa kusvika pakadzika dzika irwo vanhu vakambodzika mugungwa. Kubva ipapo, marudzi matsva ehove, crustaceans, mollusk, zvipenyu zvine sero rimwe chete, uye mabhakitiriya zvakawanikwa imomo izvo zvinogona kurarama nekunyanyisa mamiriro emugero. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve izvi feats, tarisa chinyorwa chedu pa uyo akadzika kusvika pakadzika pasi penyika.
Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, nzendo dzakasiyana dzakaitwa senge idzo muna 2011, 2014 kana 0, Vanga vachiwana mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana iyo yakasvika pakuratidzira imwe mubatanidzwa pakati pakadzika uye gigantism yevagari vayo.
Kupisa kwakanyanya
Tembiricha iri pasi pegungwa panotonhora, pasi pemugero wakadzika pasi panotonhora. pakati pe1 ne4ºC. Asi gomba racho rinewo hydrothermal vents uye pedyo navo tembiricha inodarika 500ºC nekuda kwemagma. Mamwe eaya matsime anenge cylindrical chimneys akaumbwa nemaminerari avanoburitsa uye musiyano unogadzirwa pakati petembiricha yemvura inodzingwa nematsime nemvura ine chando pagungwa. Kana iwe uchifarira kudzidza kwemvura uye tembiricha yavo, tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge nezvazvo mvura yegungwa.
Kudzika nerima
Kuti gomba rakadzika zvave pachena kwatiri, asi kuti tinyatsowana pfungwa yekudzika kwarakaita tinogona kurienzanisa negomo repamusoro-soro riripo pamusoro. Kana tikaisa Gomo reEverest mukati memugero, kukwirira kwaro kunenge kuchiri kwemamita zviuru zviviri kubva pamusoro. Munzvimbo yakadai, chiedza chezuva hachisviki uye rima ndiro mhedziso, ndosaka mhuka dzinogara imomo dzichijairana nemamiriro aya.
