Tartary atova nayo shanduro iri kukanganisa nzanga izvozvi. Kune Tartary iyo yaizivikanwa munhoroondo uye iyo inowira mukati medzidziso dzekurangana. Zviri zvekusvika pakuziva Tartary iyo kusvika zvino uye kune vakawanda yakanga isingazivikanwe, nhoroondo uye shanduro itsva yave kupihwa. Zita rokuti Tartary kana kuti Great Tartary Ndiro zita raizivikanwa neEurope yekare, kubva kuMiddle Ages kusvika muzana ramakore rechi19.
Pamepu inoratidzika ichifukidza dzimwe nzvimbo munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana. nzvimbo dzakadai seRussia, Ukraine, Mongolia, Central Asian republics uye kunyange China. Asi ngationei chaizvo kuti ndedzipi nzvimbo dzaizivikanwa seTartaria Magna, nzvimbo yaizivikanwa muEurope uye yakaitwa mepu nevakawanda vaifamba.
Chii chinonzi Tartary?
Tartary yaive ndima yakakura yakasvika kuEurope, kubva kuMiddle Ages kusvika muzana remakore rechi19. Yakafukidza nzvimbo huru yenyika yakaenda kubva kuCaspian Sea kusvika kuMakomo eUral. Nzvimbo yakakura yepakati nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweAsia, uye nzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzinosvika kuPacific Ocean, inogarwa nevanhu veTurkic neMongol, vainzi maTartar. Nzvimbo dziri kusanganisirwa pari zvino ndidzo Siberia, Russian Far East, Turkestan, Greater Mongolia, Manchuria uye Tibet.
Maererano nenhoroondo yayo, pakati pezana ramakore rechi 16 nerechi 19, Tartary rakanga riri zita rakagoverwa kumatunhu arondedzerwa pamusoro apa, pakati penzvimbo dzeSiberia neRussia Far East. Vaigara munzvimbo idzi vainzi vaTatar, zita rakapiwa vagari vomumataundi eMongol. Asi zita iri rakarega kushandiswa apo Umambo hweRussia hwakatora nzvimbo dzokumabvazuva neSiberia.
Iko hakuna nhoroondo yakatsanangurwa yedunhu reTartary
Zita reTatari Haitsanangurirwe sendima yenclave ine tsananguro yayo. Kune vakawanda vaongorori, vanyori uye vanofarira nhoroondo vanopa data rinoratidza mapoinzi akafanana uye mamwe ayo tsanangura gakava uye shanduro dzezvematongerwo enyika izvo zvisingatsanangure dunhu iri senzvimbo yakanaka kana yakaipa.
Semuenzaniso, tinogona kuwana chidzidzo chakazara mune yakabudiswa monograph ye Svetlana Gorshenina muna 2014. Yakanzi "Kugadzirwa kweCentral Asia: Nhoroondo yeChirevo kubva kuTartary kuenda kuEurasia". Inotsanangura kushanduka kweTartary nemaTatars ayo, akaratidzirwa neurudzi, mune post-Soviet pseudoscience uye ine zita rekutanga reyaimbova Imperial Russia.
Maererano nezvimwe zvinyorwa zvakaunganidzwa mumabhuku ekare uye kunyange mumabhuku, Tartary Inoiswa senzvimbo ine hutsinye uye yakaipa, ine nzvimbo dzinosiririsa, dzine ruvengo uye vanhu vesango. Iyi nzvimbo yanga isiri iyo yakanyanya kunaka, zvichipihwa kuti yaive nehukama ne Vanhu vokuTurkey neMongolia. Nzvimbo ino yakarasa kuwirirana kwayo kwakaisvonaka nokuda kweidzi pesvedzero ndokuishandura kuita nzvimbo inotyisa, huranda, isina kufambira mberi uye hutsinye.
Nekufora uku, maRussia akatora mukana weiyi pfungwa kuti vagone aruramise kufamba kwake akananga kumabvazuva kweumambo hwamambo. Uye saka vakadzivisa kubatanidza Tartary nenyika yavo. Zvisinei, kuMadokero, Tartary yakabatanidzwa noUmambo hweRussia uye gare gare neSoviet Union.
Tartary mumabhuku
Tartary yakaunzwa mumabhuku senzvimbo yakaumbwa nevanyori vayo, zvichida nzvimbo yokufungidzira uye nzvimbo isingasvikike kune vakawanda. Tinogona kuzvicherechedza mune vamwe vanyori vatinotaura zvino:
- Evariste Règis Huc, Ndiye wechitendero uye munyori akabudisa "Ndangariro dzerwendo muTartary, Tibet neChina mukati memakore 1844, 1845 na1846". Iko Tartary inodzoreredza ndangariro yayo yedzinza uye yehushamwari uye kwainoreva kuMongolia.
- Jonathan Swift, ne "Gulliver's Travels". Tartary inotaurwa pazviitiko zviviri, senzvimbo iyo munhu aigona kuongorora mune imwe yenzira dzayo, ... mhiri kweTartary neGungwa reGlacial..., uye imwezve inotaura kwaanofananidzira ma geographer enguva iyoyo achifungidzira kuti panofanira kuvapo. kondinendi huru inonzi Tartary iri pakati penzvimbo dzeJapan neCalifornia kuti iite iyo huru yekupikisa.
- chaucer, in "Canterbury Tales" Inodudzawo Tartary, se“dare ramambo reTartari.”
- Dino Buzzati, game “Renje reTatari.” Tartary haina kumiririrwa mubhuku rake senzvimbo, asi sechiratidzo chekutyisidzira kwakavanzika uye mazwi anoenderana nekutya.
Tartary pasi pedzidziso dzekurangana
Iri zita renzvimbo rave kuwedzera kukurumidza mumakore ano uye isu tinogona kunyanya kuricherechedza muna 2016 nevanoshandisa Internet vanotaura Chirungu neshoko rekuti. "Humambo hwakarasika hweTartary." Iri boka rinonyanya kuwanikwa muUnited States uye inhengo dzekunze dze QAnon mapoka.
Zvinoenderana neshanduro yako, Tartary inhoroondo yenhoroondo, zvichibva zvakanyanya pakuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa. Vanoti zvivako zvizhinji zvemunguva yekare zvakaparadzwa kana kufukidzwa nekuti zvaiva zvehumambo hwenyika ino. Tinogona kuzviona mune "New York Pennsylvania Station", chivako che "Singer" kana kuti matumba echinguvana e "World's Fairs" ekupera kwe19th uye kutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. TartaryChii chatingazive nezvenzvimbo ino?l XX.
Nhasi tine zvimwe zvivakwa zvakaita se iyo White House kana Mapiramidhi eEjipitori, idzo dzinonzi dzakaparirwa nouhwu umambo hukuru hwakanga hwatora rutivi rwokuchamhembe rweAsia. Kunyangwe vamwe vadziviriri vanobvumawo kuti humambo hukuru uhu Akanga ari mutsigiri mukuru wekufambira mberi kukuru uye zvigadzirwa. Sezvo akakwanisa fambisa simba kuburikidza nemasaisai uye nenzira yakasununguka kure kure.
Chimwe chinhu icho Tesla akanga atokwanisa kugadzira nekugadzira shongwe dzake dzakareba dzaive dzakagamuchira mafungu aya. Kunyangwe mune mamwe mapikicha, vanoshinga kugumisa kuti mazhinji emapango eteregirafu aionekwa aive iwo maconductor esimba iri.
Tartary Anotsanangurwa semushanduri mukuru uye kubudirira kwerunyararo rwenyika. Zvisinei, mhindumupindu iyi yakaderedzwa nomunhu aifungidzirwa kuti ari “vakuru” aida kutonga nyika nenzira yayo. Vanosimbisa kuti kupedza Tartary, Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga neChipiri dzakagadzirwa, dzinofukidza nzvimbo ino nemafashamo makuru edhaka uye kuvanza zvisaririra zvayo zvose uye kuvapo. Kubva ipapo pfungwa yakabva yauya reset yakatanga, nyika yanhasi yakaita sei.