Tartary yava neshanduro itsva iri kukanganisa nzanga parizvino. Kune Tartary inozivikanwa munhoroondo yese uye iyo inowira mukati medzidziso dzenhema. Inyaya yekunzwisisa Tartary iyo, kusvika pari zvino, yaisazivikanwa nevakawanda, munhoroondo uye kuburikidza nedudziro itsva dziri kupihwa iye zvino. Zita rekuti Tartary, kana kuti Greater Tartary, ndiro zita raishandiswa kureva Europe yekare kubva kuMiddle Ages kusvika muzana remakore rechi19.
Mepu dzinoratidza kuti dzinobatanidza nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana , kusanganisira Russia, Ukraine, Mongolia, Central Asian republics, uye kunyange China . Asi ngationgororei chaizvo kuti ndedzipi nzvimbo dzaizivikanwa seTartary Magna, dunhu raizivikanwa muEurope uye rakamepurwa nevafambi vakawanda.
Chii chinonzi Tartary?
Tartary yaive nzvimbo yakakura yakapararira muEurope yese kubva kuMiddle Ages kusvika muzana remakore rechi19. Yaisanganisira nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo inotangira kuGungwa reCaspian kusvika kuMakomo eUral, nzvimbo yakakura yepakati nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweAsia, nenzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzinosvika kuPacific Ocean, inogarwa nevanhu veTurkic neMongolia, vavaidaidza kuti maTatar. Nzvimbo dziripo iye zvino ndiSiberia , Russia Far East, Turkestan, Greater Mongolia, Manchuria, neTibet.
Maererano nenhoroondo, pakati pezana remakore rechi16 nerechi19, Tartary ndiro zita rakapihwa nzvimbo dzatsanangurwa pamusoro apa, dziri pakati peSiberia neRussian Far East. Vagari venzvimbo idzi vainzi maTatar, zita rakapihwa vanhu verudzi rweMongolia. Zvisinei, zita iri rakarega kushandiswa sezvo Umambo hweRussia hwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma nzvimbo dzahwo kumabvazuva nekuSiberia.
Iko hakuna nhoroondo yakatsanangurwa yedunhu reTartary
Zita rekuti Tartary harina kunyatsozivikanwa senzvimbo ine hunhu hwayo . Vaongorori vazhinji, vanyori, uye vanofarira nhoroondo vanopa ruzivo runoratidza zvinobvumirana uye gakava, vachipa dudziro dzezvematongerwo enyika dzisingatsananguri dunhu iri serakanaka kana kuti rakaipa.
Semuenzaniso, tinogona kuwana chidzidzo chakazara muchinyorwa chaSvetlana Gorshenina cha2014 , "Kugadzirwa kweCentral Asia: Nhoroondo yeChiratidzo cheTartary kuenda kuEurasia ." Chinotevedza kushanduka kweTartary nemaTatar ayo, anozivikanwa nerudzi, mukati mesainzi yenhema yeSoviet uye pasi pezita rekutanga reImperial Russia.
Sekureva kwezvimwe zvakanyorwa mumabhuku ekare uye kunyange mumabhuku, Tartary inoratidzwa senzvimbo ine hutsinye uye isina kunaka, ine nzvimbo dzinosuwisa, dzine hutsinye uye vanhu vane hutsinye. Nzvimbo iyi yakanga isina kugadzikana zvachose, tichifunga nezvehukama hwayo nevanhu veTurkic neMongolia. Yakarasikirwa nekuwirirana kwayo kwakanaka nekuda kwepesvedzero idzi , ikava nzvimbo inotyisa, uranda, kusamira zvakanaka, uye hutsinye.
Nekufamba uku, maRussia vakashandisa pfungwa iyi kururamisa kukura kwavo kubva kuhumambo hweTsarist kuenda kumabvazuva. Nekuita izvi, vakadzivisa kubatanidza Tartary nenyika yavo. Zvisinei, kuMadokero, Tartary yakazobatanidzwa neHumambo hweRussia uye gare gare neSoviet Union.
Tartary mumabhuku
Tartary yakaunzwa mumabhuku senzvimbo yakaumbwa nevanyori vayo, zvichida nzvimbo yokufungidzira uye nzvimbo isingasvikike kune vakawanda. Tinogona kuzvicherechedza mune vamwe vanyori vatinotaura zvino:
- Evariste Règis Huc, Ndiye wechitendero uye munyori akabudisa "Ndangariro dzerwendo muTartary, Tibet neChina mukati memakore 1844, 1845 na1846". Iko Tartary inodzoreredza ndangariro yayo yedzinza uye yehushamwari uye kwainoreva kuMongolia.
- Jonathan Swift, ne "Gulliver's Travels". Tartary inotaurwa pazviitiko zviviri, senzvimbo iyo munhu aigona kuongorora mune imwe yenzira dzayo, ... mhiri kweTartary neGungwa reGlacial..., uye imwezve inotaura kwaanofananidzira ma geographer enguva iyoyo achifungidzira kuti panofanira kuvapo. kondinendi huru inonzi Tartary iri pakati penzvimbo dzeJapan neCalifornia kuti iite iyo huru yekupikisa.
- chaucer, in "Canterbury Tales" Inodudzawo Tartary, se“dare ramambo reTartari.”
- Dino Buzzati, game “Renje reTatari.” Tartary haina kumiririrwa mubhuku rake senzvimbo, asi sechiratidzo chekutyisidzira kwakavanzika uye mazwi anoenderana nekutya.
Tartary pasi pedzidziso dzekurangana
Zita iri rave richizivikanwa kwemakore, kunyanya muna 2016 nevanoshandisa internet vanotaura Chirungu vaishandisa izwi rekuti "the lost empire of Tartary." Boka iri rinonyanya kugara muUnited States uye rine nhengo dzeQAnon groups.
Sekureva kwavo, Tartary inyaya isina nhoroondo, yakavakirwa zvakanyanya pakuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa. Vanoti zvivakwa zvakawanda zvemunguva yekare zvakaparadzwa kana kuvharwa nekuti zvaive zveumambo hwepasi rose. Tinogona kuzviona izvi muPennsylvania Station muNew York, muSinger Building, kana mumapationi enguva pfupi eWorld's Fairs ekupera kwezana remakore rechi19 nekutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 . Chii chatingadzidza nezvenzvimbo iyi?
Nhasi uno tine zvimwe zvivakwa zvakaita seWhite House kana maPiramidhi eEgypt , ayo anonzi aive eumambo hukuru uhwu hwaimbove huchitonga kuchamhembe kweAsia. Vamwe vanotobvuma kuti umambo uhwu hwaive simba guru rekusimudzira kufambira mberi kukuru uye zvigadzirwa, sezvo hwakakwanisa kuendesa simba kuburikidza nemafungu eredhiyo munzvimbo dzakakura nenzira yakasununguka uye iri nyore kusvika.
Chimwe chinhu icho Tesla akanga atokwanisa kugadzira nekugadzira shongwe dzake dzakareba dzaive dzakagamuchira mafungu aya. Kunyangwe mune mamwe mapikicha, vanoshinga kugumisa kuti mazhinji emapango eteregirafu aionekwa aive iwo maconductor esimba iri.
Tartaria inotsanangurwa sechimurenga chikuru uye chiratidzo cherugare rwepasi rose. Zvisinei, shanduko iyi yakagumiswa ne "vapfumi" vaifungidzirwa kuti vaida kutonga nyika sezvavaida. Zvinotendwa kuti kuti vaparadze Tartaria, Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga neyeChipiri dzakagadzirwa, dzichiviga nyika pasi pemafashamo makuru ematope uye dzichiparadza zvasara zvayo zvose. Kubva pachiitiko ichi ndipo pakabva pfungwa yakatanga kudzorerwazve , zvichitungamira kunyika yatinoziva nhasi.