VaFenikiya vaiva a guta rekare rekutengesa iro rakaita basa rakakosha munhoroondo yeIberian Peninsula, kunyanya patsika dzagara dziripo uye budiriro yehupfumi nemadhorobha yenzvimbo dzinoumba Spain nhasi.
Nechikonzero ichi, tinotsaurira chinyorwa ichi kutaura nezvevaFenikiya, kuti tiongorore pesvedzero yavaive nayo kuSpain, tichiteerera zvinhu zvakaita se kutengeserana, tsika, tekinoroji uye kunyangwe sangano remagariro nezvematongerwo enyika yenharaunda dzaigara peninsula.
Kwakabva vaFenikiya muSpain
VaFenikiya vakabuda sebudiriro yakatsaurirwa kugungwa rakavamba mune yava kunzi Lebanon. Pakati pe 12th uye 8th mazana emakore BC. C. akatanga kuwedzera, kuwedzera nhare dzavo dzekutengesa muMediterranean yese uye nekutanga makoloni nemafekitori munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira Iberian Peninsula.
Nguva yekusvika kwevaFenike kune peninsula Yakapindirana nenguva apo zviwanikwa zvitsva uye nzira dzekutengeserana zvakatsvakwa. VaFenikiya vakanga vagadzira dandemutande rokutengesa raivabvumira kuwana simbi dzinokosha dzakadai sesirivha nemhangura, simbi dzakanga dzakawanda kwazvo muIberia Peninsula.
Pesvedzero yekutengeserana
Kuiswa kwekutanga kweFenikiya kwaive mukati nzvimbo dzakanaka dzekutengeserana kwako seGadhir (yanhasi Cádiz), yakavambwa kutenderera 1100 BC. C. uye iyo yakakurumidza kuva imwe yezviteshi zvikuru zvokutengeserana zveMediterranean.
Miitiro yekutengeserana yevaFenikiya yakanga yafambira mberi, sezvakaita zvigadzirwa zvavaitengesa (micheka, magirazi kana zvikepe), chimwe chinhu chaizoguma chakanganisa nekushandura nharaunda dzeIberia. Kuburikidza nemakoloni, Vaizogadzira network yenzira dzekutengesa dzaibatanidza Atlantic neMiddle East, iyo yaifambisa kuchinjana kwezvinhu, asi yakabvumirawo kuparadzirwa kwetsika, pfungwa kana teknolojia.
Zvimwe zvekudya zvatiinazvo kumba nhasi zvakaunzwa nevaFenikiya, sekuti mafuta omuorivhi kana waini, chimwe chinhu icho nekufamba kwenguva, sezvatinoona nhasi, chaizopararira uye kunyange kuva "chigadzirwa chemuno" mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeSpain. Pamusoro pezvo, kutengeserana uye kutengeserana kwakasimudzira kukura kweiyo yaizove iyo gare gare zviteshi zvikuru munyika.
Pesvedzero yetsika
Kusvika kwevaFenike kuIberian Peninsula kwaisangova chinhu chakanaka kubva mune zvehupfumi kana zvekutengeserana, asi zvakare zvaireva kuchinjana kwakakosha kwetsika. Mutauro weFenikiya wakasiya mucherechedzo wawo pazita guru redzimwe nzvimbo. Maguta akawanda emazuva ano eSpain achiri nemazita anobva kuFenikiya. Asi mukuwedzera, rudzidziso navamwari vavaFenikiya vakasimudzira ngano dzetsika nezvitendero zvomunzvimbomo, savanamwari vaBhaari kana Astarte.
Kunyora pasina mubvunzo yaive imwe yenhaka dzakakosha dzetsika. Vakaunza arufabheti yeFenikiya, iyo yaiita kuti kutaurirana uye kutonga. Chinhu chakakosha chekuvandudza kune wega wega vanhu veIberia kuti vagadzire yavo yemhando yekunyora. Naizvozvo, iyi fambiro mberi mukunyora inogona kuenzaniswa nezvimwe zviri kuitika senge mavambo eRoma, iyo yakaratidzawo chiitiko chinokosha chebudiriro.
Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji
VaFenikiya vaiva vafambisi vezvikepe vakuru uye vagadziri vezvikepe zvikuru, chimwe chinhu chaiita kuti vadzore nzira dzomugungwa dzomugungwa reMediterranean. Vakaunza zvitsva maitiro ekugadzira zvikepe izvo zvingave zvakakosha pakuwedzera kwevanhu veIberia.
Mukuwedzera kune tekinoroji yengarava, vakaunzawo matekinoroji ane chekuita nesimbi, ivhu uye zvekurima. Kugadzirwa kwebhuronzi nesimbi kwakagadziridzwa mushure mekusvika kwavo. Kugadzirwa kwehari kunogona kunge kwakafambira mberi nehunyanzvi hweFenike (vaishandisa midziyo iyi kuchengeta zvinwiwa uye semidziyo yekutengesa). Panyaya iyi, zvinofadza kuona kuti simba reFenikiya raifanofananidzira kufambira mberi kworuzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu kwaizoonekwa munguva yeRoma.
Sangano remagariro nezvematongerwo enyika
Kupesvedzera kana kuti pesvedzero yevaFenikiya muSpain yakapfuurira. Vakaunzawo chimiro chavo chesangano renzanga nerezvamatongerwe enyika. Nharaunda dzeFenikiya, mukuwedzera kunzvimbo dzokutengesera, dzakanga dziri nzvimbo umo hukama hwekutsinhana nesimba hwakatangwa, mibatanidzwa uye vatengi vakagadzirwa.
Mamiriro ehurongwa hwemaguta uye pfungwa dzehurumende yeFenikiya dzakabatsira kuumbwa kwekutanga guta-nyika muIberian Peninsula. Izvozvo zvakakurudzira kukura kwevanhu, zvakakurudzira kusikwa kwe masangano ezvematongerwo enyika akaoma kunzwisisa uye masangano ezvematongerwo enyika akanyatsotsanangurwa akabatanidzwa. Nechikonzero ichi, chimiro chezvematongerwo enyika chakaumbwa nevaFenikiya chinogona kuve chakabatana nechakazotevera colonial art iyo inoratidzawo pesvedzero yetsika dzakasiyana-siyana pakurongeka kwevanhu.
Chii chaiva pesvedzero yavaFenikiya muSpain?
Nhaka yevaFenikiya papeninsula yakatanga kudzikira nekusvika kwevamwe vanhu vakaita semaGiriki uye, gare gare, vaRoma. Nekudaro, nhaka yake yakatsungirira mune akati wandei muhupenyu hweIberian Peninsula. Maguta eFenikiya akashandurwa ndokubatanidzwa netsika itsva, asi mipiro yake yakanga ichiri kuoneka muupenyu sepakuronga kwehupfumi.
Nzira dzekutengeserana dzakasimbiswa dzakaisa hwaro hwenzira dzekutengeserana dzemangwana dzaitungamirirwa nevaRoma, avo vaizotanga kutengeserana kwavo pachavo mupeninsula yose. Zvokudya zvavakaunza zvakapararira ndokudzika midzi. Upenyu hwenzanga dzeko hwakapfumiswa, achisuma arufabheti uye zvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana zvechitendero zvakabatanidzwa nevomunyika yacho. Uye pakupedzisira, zvese zvetekinoroji, zvemagariro uye zvematongerwo enyika zvakashingirira uye zvakaumba gare gare nzanga, senge izvo zvinogona kucherechedzwa nhasi mune dzakasiyana siyana.
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Pamusoro peizvi zvose, vaFenikiya Vakaisa hwaro hwakakosha munhoroondo yeSpain yanhasi, vachisiya nhaka inokosha.