Hondo Yemashoko yakanga iri nhambo yemakakatanwa ezvamatongerwe enyika nokukwikwidzana pakati pamasimba makuru enyika maviri ari kusimukira, United States neSoviet Union, iyo yakarondedzera chikamu chikuru chezana ramakore rechi XNUMX.. Kunyangwe zvaisabatanidza kunetsana kwakananga, kutarisana kwepfungwa uku uye kwezvematongerwo enyika kwakasiya chiratidzo chisingadzimiki munhoroondo, kuumba zvematongerwo enyika enyika uye kukanganisa hupenyu hwevanhu pasi rese.
Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora midzi, maitiro, uye mhedzisiro yeCold War, kunetsana kwakapesvedzera zvematongerwo enyika uye kutsanangurazve masimba emasimba. Kune vanoshamisika Chii chaiva hondo yechando Iyo ideological uye geopolitical duel muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX yaizova mhinduro iri pedyo zvikuru. Zvimwe zvese zvinogona kuwanikwa pazasi.
Mavambo uye mamiriro
Hondo Yemashoko yakatanga muHondo Yenyika II uye yakatanga semugumisiro wekusiyana kwezvematongerwo enyika, pfungwa, uye hupfumi pakati peUnited States neSoviet Union. Sezvo masimba eAxis akaparara, masimba makuru maviri aya akabuda aine masisitimu ezvematongerwo enyika neeupfumi aipikisa: democratic capitalism inotungamirwa neUnited States uye communism yehudzvinyiriri inotungamirwa neSoviet Union. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve system iyi, unogona kuverenga nezvazvo maitiro ecommunism and the chizvarwa chakanyarara izvo zvakapesvedzerawo mamiriro ezvinhu enguva yacho.
Kunyange zvazvo vakanga vambobatana munguva yehondo, vavariro dzavo dzakakurumidza kusiyana munguva yapashure pehondo. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, masimba ese ari maviri akarwira ukuru hwepfungwa yavo uye vakazviita kuburikidza nekuiswa kwesimba ravo nezviito zvehunhu hwakasiyana hwemagariro, ezvematongerwo enyika uye ehupfumi.
Nei ichinzi “Hondo Yemashoko”?
Kunyanya nekuda kwenzira yakashandiswa nemasimba ese maviri kusimbisa simba rawo: pachinzvimbo chekurwisana kwakananga, kukwikwidzana pakati peUnited States neSoviet Union kwakaitika kuburikidza nemakwikwi munhandare yepasi rose. Mumwe nemumwe akasimudzira maitiro avo ehurongwa kuburikidza nezviito zvisina kunanga zvinosimbisa pesvedzero yavo yezvematongerwo enyika, kutonga kwehupfumi, uye hukuru hwepfungwa.
Kuti, kunonzi "kutonhora" nekuti, kusiyana nehondo inopisa kana yakajairika apo paine kurwisana kwemauto pakati pemauto, pakanga pasina kunetsana kwemauto pakati pemasimba ambotaurwa.. Kunetsana kwacho kwainzwika munharaunda pasina kupedzisa "kuputika" muhondo yezvombo, asi zvaizivikanwa kuti kukwikwidzana kwaivepo. Saka tinogona kutsanangura kuti chii chairatidza hondo iyi se "inotonhora".
Hondo Yemashoko yakaitika sei? Zviitwa zvinokwikwidza munhandare yepasi rose
Kurwira hukuru munhandare yepasi rose kwakagadziridzwa kuburikidza nenhevedzano yezviitwa izvo masimba maviri akaita kuti asimbise simba rawo. Kutarisisa kwakatariswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzatinotaura pazasi:
- Arms Race: mativi ose ari maviri akatsvaka kuunganidza zvombo zvenyukireya noruzivo rwechiuto rwepamusoro mukukwira kwezvombo uko kwakasvitsa pasi rose kumucheto wokuparadzana kwakavimbiswa. Dzidziso yekudzivirira nyukireya yakabuda senzira yekudzivisa hondo yakananga.
- Espionage uye Propaganda: ose ari maviri masimba makuru akaita hunyanzvi hweusori uye ruzivo rwehondo kuunganidza njere pamusoro pezvaanogona uye zvirongwa. Propaganda yaivewo chishandiso chakakosha mukupesvedzera maonero everuzhinji nevabatsiri.
- Wars for Proxies: Panzvimbo pekupokana kwakananga, Hondo Yemashoko yakarwiwa zvakanyanya kuburikidza nemakakatanwa evamiriri munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi. Mativi ese ari maviri akatsigira mapoka akabatana nehurumende mumatambudziko emunharaunda, seHondo yeVietnam uye Hondo muAfghanistan, uko kwakatambwa mitsetse yehondo yakawanda.
- Space Race: Kukwikwidzana kwakawedzera kusvika muchadenga nemujaho une mukurumbira wekusvika kuMwedzi. Soviet Union ndiyo yaive yekutanga kutumira munhu muchadenga naYuri Gagarin muna 1961, ukuwo United States yakakwanisa kusvika kuMwedzi muna 1969 neApollo 11 mission. Iwe unogona kuzama zvakadzama muchinyorwa chekuongorora kwemwedzi neiyo murume wekutanga paMwedzi nevamwe mamisheni akamhara paMwedzi.
- Ideological Block: Cold War yakakonzerawo kupatsanurwa kwenyika kuita mapoka maviri epfungwa: Western bloc inotungamirwa neUnited States nevatsigiri vayo veNATO, uye Eastern bloc inotungamirwa neSoviet Union nenyika dzeWarsaw Pact.
Pashure uye nhaka
Hondo Yemashoko yakave nemhedzisiro yakakura mune zvematongerwo enyika uye nzanga mune zvakazara, tinoona sei:
- zvachose polarization: Kukwikwidzana pakati pezvikwata zviviri izvi kwakapatsanura nyika uye kwakaita kuti nyika dzakawanda dzisarudze mativi, dzichigadzira dandemutande rekubatana uye hukama huripo nanhasi.
- Tech Career: Makwikwi pakati peUnited States neSoviet Union akakurudzira kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji munzvimbo dzakadai sesainzi yekombuta, sainzi yemuchadenga, uye mushonga, kuvhura miganhu mitsva yevanhu.
- Decolonization uye shanduko: Cold War gakava rinowanzo pindirana nekufamba kwe decolonization uye shanduko munyika dzichiri kusimukira, kuumba zvematongerwo enyika nekuzivikanwa kwenyika zhinji dzichangozvimiririra.
- Kupera kweCold War: Hondo Yemashoko yakasvika kumagumo muma1980 nekuvandudzwa kwezvematongerwo enyika nezvehupfumi muSoviet Union uye kuwirirana pakati pevatungamiriri vakaita saGorbachev naReagan. Kudonha kweRusvingo rweBerlin muna 1989 kwakaratidza kuparara kweEastern Bloc, uye kuparadzwa kweSoviet Union muna 1991 kwakagumisa zviri pamutemo kupokana.
- nhaka inogara: Kunyangwe Hondo Yemashoko yapera, mhedzisiro yayo inoramba ichijeka mune zvematongerwo enyika, mubatanidzwa wepasi rose, uye ikozvino geopolitical dynamics. Mukuwedzera, kusawirirana pakati pemasimba makuru kunomukazve mukurwisana kwazvino, kwakadai soukama huri pakati peUnited States neRussia.
Kukwikwidzira Chinyararire Nhasi: Iwo Grudges eHondo Yemashoko
Kunyangwe Hondo Yemashoko yakapera nekuparadzwa kweSoviet Union muna 1991, Makakatanwa enhoroondo uye makwikwi pakati peUnited States neRussia (anotsiva Soviet Union) zvichiri kuramba zvichienderera mberi muhukama hwenyika dzakawanda. Zviitiko zvazvino nemakakatanwa emudunhu zvinogona kudzoreredza kusawirirana kwakapfuura uku uye kukonzeresa kukakavara pakati penyika mbiri idzi. Unogona kuongorora zvakawanda nezve mamiriro ane chekuita nemusoro wenyaya iyi muchinyorwa nezve.
Kunyange zvazvo kurwisana kwacho kusina kuwedzera kuva kurwisana kwezvombo kwakananga, zvainoita zvematongerwe enyika, zvechiuto, uye zvetsika zvakasiya chiratidzo chisingaperi panyika, zvichigadzirisa nzira iyo nyika dzinopindirana nayo uye kuumba nhoroondo yenhoroondo yehafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechiXNUMX.
Naizvozvo, uye nenzira yekugumisa, tinogona kutaura izvozvo zvechokwadi kukwikwidzana uku kwasiya chiratidzo (kana kugumbuka) munhandare yepasi rose iripo. Tinovimba kuti mitsara iyi yakakubatsira kuti upindure zvakajeka mubvunzo wako wekutanga: Hondo Yemashoko chii? ideological uye geopolitical duel muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX izvo hazvina kukusiya usina hanya.