Kwemakumi emakore, mufananidzo wemapiramidhi achimedzwa nesango wakakurudzira pfungwa yekuguma kweapocalyptic kwe Mayan budiriroZvisinei, tsvakiridzo yazvino yakaitwa nemapoka epasi rose iri kuratidza mufananidzo wakaoma uye unonakidza kupfuura iwoyo. Inosiya dzidziso dziri nyore dzekutsakatika kwayoZvatakamboona sekuputsika zvachose zvava kunzwisiswa zviri nani sekuchinja kwemagariro evanhu nezvematongerwo enyika kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakanyanyisa zvekunze uye kugona kunoshamisa kwekuchinja kwakabvumira tsika dzayo kuramba dziripo kwemazana emakore.
Kubva kuEurope, uko kuchera matongo kwekare kare kweColumbia kwagara kuchimutsa kuda kuziva kusinganzwisisike, tinotevera nemufaro zvinhu zvitsva izvi zvinosanganisa sainzi yemamiriro ekunze nekuchera kwekare. Hazvisi zvekutsvaga pfuma pasi pevhu chete, asi nezve kunzwisisa kuti mamiriyoni evanhu akagadzirisa sei matambudziko izvo zvinozivikanwa zvikuru kwatiri, zvakaita sekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kana kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvechisikigo. Nhoroondo yeMayan haisisiri nyaya yakavharwa, asi inhoroondo mhenyu inoramba ichitidzidzisa zvidzidzo nezvekusimba kwevanhu mukutarisana nematambudziko.
Chinyorwa chemakemikari mumapako uye kusanaya kwemvura kukuru
Chikwata chevanachipangamazano vepaleoclimat kubva kuYunivhesiti yeCambridge chakawana chinhu chakakosha chepuzzle iyi nekuongorora stalagmite iri mumapako eYucatán. Matombo aya anoshanda semadhiraivha chaiwo emamiriro ekunze, achiachengeta muzvikamu zvavo zvecalcium carbonate. ruzivo rwakarurama nezvemvura yemumakore zviuru zvakapfuuraNekudzidza huwandu hwema isotopes eokisijeni, masayendisiti akaona nguva yakakosha pakati pemakore 929 na942 AD umo mwaka wemvura wakanyangarika zvakatevedzana.
Fungidzira kuti zvinorevei kuti nzanga yekurima igare makore gumi nematatu isina mvura yakakwana yezvirimwa zvayo; zvechokwadi, izvi zvinofanira kunge zvakakonzera kusawirirana kusingatsungiririki munharaunda. Kuwanikwa uku kunotsanangura nguva yeimwe yematambudziko akaomarara akaitika munguva yeClassic Maya, zvichienderana nenguva iyo Zviyeuchidzo zvakamira kuvakwa munzvimbo huru Maguta eMayan saChichen Itza. Zvaisava chiitiko cheusiku humwe chete, asi kudonha kwemvura zvishoma nezvishoma kwakamanikidza vanhu kuti vafunge patsva mararamiro avo uye masimba avo.
Kuparara zvachose kana kuti kutamira kwevanhu vakawanda kumaruwa?
Pasinei nekuoma kwekusanaya kwemvura uku, humbowo hutsva hwezvakacherwa mumatongo kubva kunzvimbo dziri muBelize, dzakadai seKaxil Uinik, hunoratidza kuti izwi rekuti "kudonha" rinogona kunge riri kuwedzeredza. Humbowo hwakawanikwa hwekuti, mazana emakore mushure mekunge maguta arega kuva nzvimbo dzezvematongerwo enyika, nharaunda Vakaramba vachidzokera kuzoita tsika nekupa zvipirisoVanochera matongo vakawana atari dzakavakwa nematombo akashandiswazve, zvichiratidza kuti temberi dzekare hadzina kumborasikirwa nehunhu hwadzo hutsvene kuvanhu venzvimbo iyi, kunyangwe mushure mekunge madzimambo anyangarika.
Maonero aya anoratidza kuti hapana kutsakatika kwevanhu vakawanda, asi kuti pave nekuchinjana kwehutongi hune simba uye hupfumi hwakavakirwa pakutengeserana kwegungwa. Zvinoita sekuti vazhinji veMaya vakangosarudza izvozvo. Hupenyu hwekumaruwa hwaive hwakanakira zvikuru pane kuchengetedza hurongwa hwemaguta makuru. Pakupedzisira, kwaive kuchinja kuenda kune zvivakwa zvisina hutongi hwakasimba zvaizovabvumira kurarama munzvimbo yaiwedzera kuvenga, zvichiratidza kuti hunhu hweMayan hwaive hwakasimba kupfuura zvivakwa zvavo zvematombo.
Kukakavadzana kusingaperi pamusoro peruoko rwemunhu munzvimbo
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukakavadzana pakati pevaongorori ndechekuti vaMaya pachavo vakawedzera here kudzikira kwavo kuburikidza nekutemwa kwemiti. Dzimwe dzidziso, dzinotsigirwa neNASA simulations, dzinoti matanda akawanda ekurima chibage nekugadzira lime yezvivakwa zvavo Zvingangodaro zvakaita kuti mamiriro ekusanaya kwemvura awedzere kuipa nekuchinja kutenderera kwemvura munharaunda. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kuti vavake mita imwe chete yemativi mana ematemberi avo vaifanira kupisa miti inosvika makumi maviri, nhamba iyo, kana yakawedzerwa nemaguta avo makuru, inoshamisa.
Zvisinei, havasi nyanzvi dzese dzinobvumirana nepfungwa iyi yekuti vaMaya vanoparadza nharaunda yavo. Munzvimbo dzakadai seRÃo Amarillo, muHonduras, ongororo yemadhaka yakaratidza kuti huwandu hwemiti hwakatowedzera munguva yeLate Classic, izvo zvingaratidza kuti paive nehurongwa hwekutarisira masango hwakanyanya. Kupesana uku kunoratidza kuti kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwakanga kusina kufanana munzvimbo dzese uye kuti nharaunda zhinji dzaive nani pakutarisira zviwanikwa zvadzo kupfuura zvataifunga kare.
Pfuma Yakavigwa: Tembere yeMargarita uye Chiratidzo chehumambo
Mupaki yekuchera matongo yeCopán Ruinas muHonduras, kuwanikwa kweTemberi yeMargarita munguva pfupi yapfuura kwakasiya nyanzvi dzisina remuromo nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwayo kunoshamisa. Iri pasi pevhu, iri pamamita angangoita gumi nemanomwe, nzvimbo iyi yekuchengetera zvinhu. Inoramba iine mavara ayo epakutanga matsvuku negirini. uye yakashongedzwa nezvifukidziro zvinoshamisa zvinomiririra Mwari weZuva uye Jaguar yeMayanIwindo rakananga rekuziva zvakavanzika uye ruzivo rwakadzama rwezvenyeredzi rwaiva nevagadziri vemafirimu nevanyori vemifananidzo venguva iyoyo.
Chinhu chinonyanya kushamisa ndechekuti chivakwa ichi chinokudza sei muvambi wedzinza rehumambo, Mambo K'inich Yax K'uk' Mo', kuburikidza nechiratidzo cheshiri dzakabatana dzinoumba zita rake. Zvakawanikwa izvi zvinoratidza kuti, kunze kwekurarama kwezuva nezuva, maMaya aive ne pfuma yepfungwa uye hurongwa hwekutenda Yakanyatsogadzirwa. Kunyangwe zvichiri kutora makore akawanda temberi isati yasvika kune veruzhinji, kudzidza kwayo kuri kutobvumira ruzivo rutsva kuti rutsanangurwe nezvekuti vatungamiriri vakashandisa sei simba ravo pamberi pevanhu.
Nhaka iyi yese haisi yemamiziyamu chete, sezvo mamiriyoni evanhu nhasi vachiri kuzviti Maya uye vachirwira kuchengetedza tsika dzavo uye mukana wekuwana nyika dzavo. Kunyange zvazvo mapurojekiti emazuva ano akaita seMaya Train muMexico achikonzera gakava nekuda kwekuchinja kwaanoita nharaunda nemagariro evanhu, nharaunda dzemunharaunda dziri kuramba dzichirwisana. kurima mhando dzechibage dzisingakanganiswi nemamiriro ekunze uye kuchengetedza mutauro wavo uri mupenyu. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti nhoroondo yebudiriro iyi haina kuguma nekusanaya kwemvura kwezana remakore rechi10 kana nekusvika kwevaEurope, asi inoramba ichichinja sezvainosangana nematambudziko matsva ezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi. Mutsara wakajeka wakaongororwa naJames H. Daniel pa stalagmite yake ingori chikamu chimwe chete chenyaya yakakura pamusoro pekushingirira kwevanhu, pasinei nezvose, vachiri kuona sango nemapako aro semusha wavo chaiwo.
