Pakati penyaya pfupi dzinotamba zvakanyanya nezvinotarisirwa nemuverengi, vashoma vanoshamisika seImba yeAsterion. Mumapeji mashoma, Borges anotikoka kuti tiongorore nzvimbo inoita seisinga peri asi inoshanda sejeri negirazi repfungwa dziri kure. Muchikamu chino, uchawana a pfupiso yakakwana uye kuongorora kwakadzama yezvivakwa zvayo zvinorondedzera, zviratidzo zvayo uye hukama hwayo nengano yeMinotaur.
Nyaya yakatanga kuoneka muna 1947 muLos Anales de Buenos Aires uye, nguva pfupi yapfuura, yakabatanidzwa muEl Aleph (1949). Kubva pakutanga, ine erudite inongedzo kuApollodorus iyo inoreva kuzvarwa kwaAsterion, Borges anodyara zviratidzo zvinongokwana zvakakwana mumhedzisiro. Muchinyorwa chese, madingindira akadai sekuzivikanwa, magumo, uye kusurukirwa parade, nepo izwi remutambi rinoratidzira "imba" inovawo nyika. Kusanganiswa uku Classic ngano, yepedyo maonero uye yekupedzisira twist inotsanangura kuti nei kuverengazve kwacho kuchibereka zvibereko zvakadaro.
Pfupiso yeImba yeAsterion
Asterion inotora pasi uye, nezwi rakasimba, inoramba izvo vanhu vanotaura pamusoro pake: anoramba kuva anozvikudza, misanthropic, kana kupenga. Anoti kumba kwake kwakavhurika, kunyange hazvo pakuita pasina anopinda kana kugara naye. Kubva pandima yekutanga, izwi rekuzvivimba rinobuda, rine kubata kwehukuru, hunoenderana ne kusagadzikana kwemunhu anogara ega zvachose.
Anoreurura kuti anenge asina kumbobuda. Akamboita kamwe chete, uye kuita kubva kunze kwaive kuvhunduka chaiko: kuridza mhere, minamato, kutiza, uye kunyange kuedza kurwisa. Chiitiko ichi chinomuratidza kuti haasi wenyika iyoyo. Seri kwemikova yakapfigwa, imba yake haizi imba ipi neipi; irenje rine zvivanze, namatsime, nezvidyiro, nemikoto zvinodzokororwa; kune zvakawanda zvakafanana zvinhu zvekuti Asterion inosvika pakutenda kuti zvese ikopi yezvimwe zvese. Sezvineiwo, anongoona maviri "zvakasiyana": zuva uye iye pachake, intuition inopandukira yake. musanganiswa we naivety uye kudada.
Kuti apedze nguva yake, anopinda mumitambo yevana netsika dzepachivande: anomhanya nemumaberere segondohwe remujaho, anodonha kubva padenga remba, uye anovanda mumimvuri nemakona. Kutandara kwake kwaanofarira, zvisinei, kufungidzira kushanya kwe "mumwe Asterion," waanotaura naye uye kutungamira mumakamuri ayo anombovhiringidza. Mutambo, uine pfungwa yekupatsanura, unobvisa monotony uye inosimbisa iyo kupatsanurwa kwemukati kwe ego iyo isingawani anopindira.
Nyaya yacho inoratidza kuti Asterion anotofungidzira nezvekusika nyika nenyeredzi, kunyangwe asingazviyeuki. Uku kubhuroka kwakazara nechimiro che solipsism uye, panguva imwecheteyo, intuition yenhamba yekurongeka inomunakidza. Hazvisi zvemasanga kuti anotaura kuti imba ine magonhi "asingagumi", achicherechedza kuti chinyorwa chaiti "gumi nemana"; kwaari, nhamba iyoyo yakaenzana nekusingaperi, kuratidza kufarira Symmetry uye kudzokorora semutemo wemukati wenzvimbo.
Pane tsika inoputsa muitiro: makore mapfumbamwe oga oga, varume vapfumbamwe vanosvika pamba pake. Asterion anoti "anovasunungura kubva kune zvakaipa zvose." Haatauri nezveropa kana chisimba chiri pachena; anongodziparadza osiya mitumbi painowira, asingaoni chiito chake sekuuraya. Mumwe wevarume ava, pakufa, anotaura chiporofita: rimwe zuva mudzikinuri achauya ogumisa kuvapo kwake. Kubva ipapo, Asterion anga akamirira mushanyi uyu, achishamisika kana iri nzombe, murume, kana kuti munhu akafanana naye. Kumirira kune runyararo rwemunhu akavhiringika. ruponeso nerufu.
Mundima yekupedzisira, rondedzero inoshandura mafambiro: nhaurirano inoputika pakati paThisus naAriadne. Iyo gamba inotaura, yakashamisika, kuti Minotaur haana kumbomira chero kupikiswa. Kubata kwekupedzisira ikoko kunotsanangurazve zvese: Asterion aive Minotaur, imba irabyrinth yeKrete, uye mudzikinuri wake waaishuvira aive, kutaura zvazviri, muurayi wake. Chizaruro hachingovhari chirongwa chete, chinoshandurawo mufananidzo we "monster" mune yemunhu ane ngozi uyo, asingazivi, aida kuguma kwehupenyu hwake. labyrinthine destiny.
Vanonyanya kutaurwa
Asterion, mutauri uye protagonist, anotungamira muverengi kuburikidza nenyika yake yemukati. Kudada uye kutendeseka zvinogara muinzwi rake: kune rumwe rutivi, anosimbisa mavambo ake akanaka; pane imwe, anoratidza kutya uye kuvhiringidzika. Mitambo yake, kusakwanisa kwake kunzwisisa zviri kunze kwenyika, uye kuvimba kwake nokusvika kwemudzikinuri zvinomuratidza semucheche uye, panguva imwe chete, hunhu hwetsika. Iye ari kutongerwa kuita tsika yaasinganzwisisi, nepo achifungidzira kuti yake "imba-nyika" inosanganisira zvese. Kuonekwa kubva mukati, chimiro chake chinobvisa chidimbu chechikara uye chinomuswededza padyo nechimiro chemhuka. solitaire isina makodhi ekuverenga chokwadi.
Theseus haatombooneka, asi kupindira kwake kwenguva pfupi kunovhura kiyi: ndiye gamba rinouraya Minotaur uye nekujekesa chiporofita. Kushamisika kwake pakushaikwa kweAsterion kwekupokana kunoshanda setsananguro yekunze inoisa zvese zvakambouya. Inzwi raThisus, pragmatic uye heroic, rinosiyanisa neAsterion's, introspective uye akabatikana geometry yekuvharirwa kwayo.
Ariadne anotaurwa, zvakakwana kuti aite kuti ngano dzishande: mutsika, anoburitsa shinda iyo Theseus achapukunyuka nayo labyrinth. Pano, kuvapo kwake kunomutsa mugumo wakanyorwa kare nengano, uchitiyeuchidza kuti nyaya yaAsterion inobatwa muwebhu yezvisarudzo zvevamwe vanhu. Chitarisiko chake chisina kujeka chinowedzera dambudziko renyaya. kuverenga mhedzisiro.
Varume vanosvika makore mapfumbamwe ega ega vanhu vasingazivikanwe, zvidimbu zvemhemberero iyo Asterion inodudzira serusununguko. Kusatya kwavo, pamwe chete nechiporofita chakataurwa nemumwe wavo, chinosimbisa dingindira remagumo: kushanya kwega kwega kunomutsa kutenderera kunotsigira "basa" reMinotaur, asinganzwisisi hunhu hwezviito izvi. Ivo vanosanganisira chibayiro labyrinth routine.
Mambokadzi, anotaurwa muApollodorus quote, anoisa Asterion mudzinza rehumambo. Nod inoreva Pasiphae uye Cretan mythical genealogy. Kunyangwe iye asingaratidzike muchirongwa, chirevo chake chakakwana kudonhedza mavambo ane mbiri uye, zvinoshamisa, kupiwa mhosva kwakanyorwa muropa rake.
Tsanangudzo yezvinyorwa uye kuongorora
Kubudirira kukuru kwehunyanzvi ndiko kutarisa kwemunhu wekutanga kusvika panguva yekupedzisira. Borges anotiisa mukati mepfungwa dzaAsterion uye anotiita kuti tigovane pfungwa dzake, narcissism yake, uye kusurukirwa kwake. Hukama hwepedyo uhu, hwakarukwa neprose yakachena, hunogadzirira kurova kwekupedzisira, kunoshanda semudziyo wekuverengazve. Iko kungoerekana kwachinja kuenda kunhaurirano yekunze kunogadzirisa zvese zvataverenga uye kunosimbisa kuti rondedzero yanga yatiisa ku maonero e "monster".
Labyrinth-house dimikira renyika uye kuzviisa pasi kwemunyori. Nzvimbo dzinodzokororwa—zvivanze zvakafanana, matangi, zvidyiro—zvinoita pfungwa yokusaguma, huzivi kupfuura geometric. Apo Asterion inofunga kuti zuva chete uye iye pachake zvakasiyana, anoratidza hypertrophied pachake, asiwo maonero akakanganiswa nekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe. Musoro wekudzokorora, kiyi muBorges, yakapetwa kaviri pano sekuvaka uye se psychology yekuvhara.
Nhamba ye "gumi nemana" inofananidzwa ne "infinity" zvose ijoke ye erudite uye hoko yekududzira: nhamba yacho inopindirana nengano (vakatambudzwa vakatumirwa kuKrete mune dzimwe shanduro) uye nepfungwa yokuti kusaguma, nokuda kweAsterion, unhu panzvimbo yehuwandu hwehuwandu. Ngano inotamba neiyi yepedyo arithmetic kusimbisa pfungwa ye kurongeka kwakavanzika mune zvakadzokororwa.
Mubvunzo pamusoro pechimiro chemudzikinuri unokanganisa ngano: Asterion inofungidzira nzombe, munhu, kana zvimwe zvakadaro. Haagoni kufunga kuti “rudzikinuro” uye “rufu” chinhu chimwe chete. Kusajeka kwacho kunotsigirwa nokuti munyori haanyepi; anonzwisisa zviito zvake zvakasiyana. Imomo ndimo mune simba retsika renyaya: inoita kuti Minotaur ave munhu apo achitiratidza kusakwanisa kwake. verenga kurwadziwa kwevamwe vanhu.
Mumashoko ehuzivi, labyrinth inofananidzira cosmos sekurongeka mukutarisana nemhirizhonga. Borges, muverengi wetsika dzechinyakare, anokurudzira pano inoshanda metaphysics: kuziva kuti uve. Kupfuura Cartesian "Ndinofunga, saka ndiri," panorova "Ndinoziva, saka ndiri," kutsvaga zvinoreva kuburikidza neruzivo rwenzvimbo uye mutinhimira wayo. MuAsterion, chishuvo ichi chinova gangaidzo: kana achinge aziva nezve imba yake, zvakanyanya zvake nyika inogoneka.
Nyaya iyi inobatawo ne "kutarisa kweMumwe" -mudziyo wakatoonekwa muShelley's Frankenstein-inopa izwi kune vakasarirwa kuitira kuti vashandure kutarisa. Panzvimbo pegamba rinokunda, tinonzwa mugari wepakati pelabyrinth. Mhedzisiro inoshungurudza tsitsi: muverengi anonzwisisa Asterion, pasina kumubvisa, uye anoona kuti iyo label ye "monster" inogona kuvanza biography ye. kusurukirwa kwakarongwa.
Chekupedzisira, kunyatsojeka kwaBorges ndiko kuvhiya: mazwi chaiwo, zviitiko zvinorondedzerwa, kunyarara kunoratidza. Zvingangodaro—zvibayiro, zita chairo, zita renhema—hazvina mubvunzo, asi zvinovanzwa mukuyerera kwenzwi rinobatanidza mitambo, miitiro, uye zvinoitika. Kana chidzitiro chadonha, zvese zvinopindirana pamwe nehupfumi hunoyeuchidza pfungwa yepuzzle: chidimbu chimwe nechimwe chaivepo, maonero edu chete aive anogara mulabyrinth.
Ngano, zvenguva uye kuverengazve
Dzinza rengano rinobuda mumutsara wekutanga kuburikidza nemashoko kubva kuApollodorus. Kumashure, Pasiphae, Minos, uye Daedalus's artifice inomisa labyrinth se tekinoroji yesimba uye kurangwa. Nyaya inonyora zvakare chimiro ichi: pachinzvimbo chenhoroondo ye "gamba rinobatsirwa nemwanasikana wamambo," tinonzwa kuve pakati payo. Ngano inova yepedyo, uye chikara, a anogara nenzwi rake pachake.
Kune zvakare nhoroondo yekuda kuziva yakataurwa nevamwe vaverengi: banga rebhuronzi kana bakatwa rinogara pamwe nereferenzi kune "muzivi" ainyumwira kunyora, chirevo chinogoneka kuna Plato. Kana munhu achifunga mukuverenga nguva, simbi yakanga yatove mukutenderera apo pfungwa yaPlato yakabudirira; zvichida chombo chekare chinopindura kumusangano wetsika kana kuti nemaune superposition yenguva iyo Borges anobata nerusununguko rwekunyora. Iyi temporal friction ndeye wink inosimbisa iyo kusava nenguva kwengano.
Gore rimwe chetero, 1947 yakaona kuoneka muLos Anales de Buenos Aires yeLos reyes yaJulio Cortázar, kumwe kurondedzerwazve kweMinotaur. Vatsoropodzi vakafananidza magwaro maviri aya: nepo Borges achiongorora ega mugari wemu labyrinthine uye kushuvira kwake kupera sekurongeka, Cortázar anoronga ngano yekupfuura, rudo, uye hukuru hwemweya. Tsamba yakabva kuna Cortázar ichienda kuBorges—yakachengetedzwa paYunivhesiti yeVirginia—inoratidza kuti akanga atofunga nezvemutambo wake uye anokwazisa hungwaru hweAsterion yaBorges. Pamwe chete, zvidimbu zviviri zvinoratidza plastiki yengano: iyo Minotaur inogona kuve introspection kana kukwira kuenda nhetembo-metaphysical.
Mukuvakwazve kwemazuva ano kwemavambo eMinotaur, chirevo chenzombe uye chirango choumwari chinowanzoyeukwa, kurava kwakabatira zvose zviri zviviri kutsika (kunyevera pamusoro pokunyanyisa nokudarika) uye kutsanangura makakatanwa ezvamatongerwe enyika muAegean. Borges anonzvenga sensationalism: anobvisa mhirizhonga kubva panzvimbo uye anoisa pfungwa pane kuziva uyo anomirira.
Kusurukirwa, bibliotherapy uye ikozvino resonances
Aristotle akatsanangura vanhu semhuka dzezvematongerwo enyika: isu takagadzirirwa hupenyu hwakafanana. Asterion inomiririra zvakapesana: zvachose kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, monologue, uye mitambo yekubvisa kufinhwa. Labyrinth yake yepfungwa ndeyechokwadi seyedombo, uye tariro yake yekuregererwa, pakati payo, chido chekumira. Iyi prism inoita kuti nyaya ive chinyorwa chinobatsira kune avo vanoongorora, kuburikidza nebhaibheri, maitiro ekuora mwoyo uye kufunganya: iyo nyaya inotibvumira kutaura nezvayo. kusurukirwa, zvinoreva uye kutsvaga nzira yekubuda nayo.
Panyaya iyi, dudziro mbiri dzepfungwa dzakanyanyisa dzakataurwa: imwe inoratidza kudzikira kweruzivo — zvichibva paari naiveté, kuverenga, uye tsika — uye imwe inomuona se "nyanzvi inorwadziswa" yakabatwa nekusaonana nevanhu. Ani naani anorava nokungwarira achaona kuti hurukuro yake yakarongeka, ine erudition yakapararira uye nenhamba dzenhamba; pane kusakwanisa, munhu anoona pfungwa dzakatsauswa nekuvharirwa. Nhoroondo inotisundidzira kuti tikodzere mazita uye kuziva kuoma kwe a izwi iro riri zvese akabatwa uye executor.
Zvinokurudzirawo kuzvienzanisa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutsoropodza: dzimwe ongororo dzinosarudza kutaura chinyorwa pakureba uye kutsanangura hurongwa hwacho nenzira yekuburitsa; vamwe vane ropafadzo yekududzira kwekufananidzira, kubatanidza nyaya nezviitiko zvemazuva ano (somuenzaniso, kushandiswa kwayo mukurapa kana dingindira rerusarura). Nzira dzose dziri mbiri dzinobatsira, asi yechipiri, kana yaitwa zvakasimba, inogona kuvaka mabhiriji pakati pezvinyorwa uye chokwadi. ruzivo rwehupenyu hwevaverengi.
Tsanangudzo dzemazuva ano dzengano dzinoratidza kushanda kwayo. Iyo Netflix yakatevedzana KAOS, semuenzaniso, inofungidzira zvakare manhamba kubva kuGreek pantheon ane akajairwa uye satirical overtones, uye mune dzimwe shanduro, iyo Minotaur inotora mabasa matsva (sehama yaAriadne) kuongorora mhosva, kunyengera kwekupedzisira, uye masimba masimba. Haisi Borges, hongu, asi inoratidza kuti zvinhu zvengano zvinoramba zvakaorera sei pakufunga. manzwiro ezvino uye kukakavara.
Avo vanoshuvira kuwedzera kudzidza kwavo vanogona kutarisa maduramazwi engano (Grimal) kana editions eEl Aleph. Kune zvakare anobatsira ePDF zvinhu zvine pfupiso uye zvirevo zvedzidzo zvinobatsira kuronga kuverenga uye kushanda nemavara mukirasi kana kurapwa. Pamitsetse iyi, zvakakodzera kubvunza zviwanikwa zvakaita se Iyi PDF yezvidzidzo kana magwaro edzidzo akadai Pfupiso iyi, iyo, nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, inogona kubatsiridza kuongororwa kwe Borgesian chidimbu.
Verenga mune imwe chete, nyaya inonakidza nehupfumi hwayo uye kushamisika kwayo; verengazve, inoburitsa yakavanzika engineering: izwi rinotiteya mukufunga kwaro, nzvimbo inoshanda sehana, uye magumo anobatidza zvese zvinongedzo. Pakati pengano uye psychology, pakati pekurongeka kwenhamba uye kushungurudzika kwekuvharirwa, Imba yeAsterion inokwanisa kushandura Minotaur kubva kune chikara kuita hunhu hunotyisa hwatinonzwisisa zvakanyanya; pamwe ndosaka ichidzoka, zvakare uye zvakare, kutiyeuchidza kuti labyrinth inogona zvakare kuve nzira yatinotumidza yedu. kusurukirwa.