Bhatiri remotokari yemagetsi rinogara kwenguva yakareba sei uye rinoshanda sei?

Bhatiri yemotokari yemagetsi ndiyo inonyanya kukosha chikamu chemotokari, uyewo inodhura uye yakaoma maererano nekushanda. Kwemakore, matekinoroji akasiyana siyana akagadzirwa ekugadzira mabhatiri emotokari dzemagetsi uye, kunyangwe mamwe achiita seasingachashandi, basa rinoenderera kune vamwe kuvandudza zvimwe zvakakosha, senge. nguva, simba uye kusimba kwezvinhu. Muchokwadi, kugadzirisa dambudziko rekuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvakasvibiswa uye kuraswa kwavo chinhu chakakosha kuzadzisa chinangwa chekufamba kwakasimba.

Bhatiri remotokari yemagetsi rinoshanda sei?

Mukati mabhatiri, magetsi anogadzirwa kuburikidza nemakemikari maitiro umo, munzvimbo ye electrolyte yemvura, kuyerera kwema electrons kunogadzirwa pakati pemapango maviri, anode uye cathode. Iyi nzira inoitika mune imwe neimwe sero munhu, iyo yakakosha unit yebhatiri, iyo pamwe chete nemamwe masero inoumba module. Kubva kumubatanidzwa wevanoverengeka modules Mhando dzakasiyana dzemabhatiri dzinowanikwa dzinosiyana pakukwanisa, amperage uye voltage, iwo matatu mayuniti ekuyera anotariswa kuongorora kushanda kwebhatiri rose:

• simba: huwandu hwesimba iro bhatiri rinogona kutumira kana kuchengeta muawa imwe chete, rinoratidzwa mu kWh.
• amperage: Huwandu hwesimba, mune amps, inogona kufambiswa mune imwe sekondi.
• voltage: simba iro huwandu hwesimba hunoenderana ne1 Ampere hunofambiswa; Iyo inoratidzirwa mumavolts uye saka inoyera kukurumidza kwekutapurirana.

Saka tinogona kusiyanisa marudzi akasiyana-siyana emabhatiri zvichienderana nemakemikari avo, kunyanya masimbi ayo anode uye cathode anogadzirwa nawo.

Ndeapi marudzi emabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi?

Kusvika iye zvino, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa yemagetsi bhatiri yemotokari ndeye lithium ion, iyo ine high density ye lithium pane cathode uye graphite pane anode. Kunyangwe iye zvino akashongedzerwa neiyo mvura electrolyte, lithium-ion mabhatiri ndiwo hwaro hwekutsvagisa mabhatiri ehurumende yakasimba. Kushandiswa kwavo kwakapararira kunokonzerwa nekuita kwakanakisa kwavanovimbisa: kusimba kwesimba, kukurumidza kukurumidza, kureruka, uye hupenyu hwepakati-hurefu. Zvisinei, kune mamwe marudzi:

• lead mabhatiri: Aishandiswa zvakanyanya kare, mabhatiri aya ane anode inotungamira uye cathode zvakare yakavharwa nelead dioxide. Parizvino ivo havawanzo shandiswa, mumotokari diki uye dzakachipa nekuti, kunyangwe vaine hupenyu hurefu hunobatsira uye mutengo wakaderera, vane yakakura kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye nguva refu yekuchaja nguva;
• Nickel-metal hydride mabhatiri: yakagadzirwa nesimbi alloy anode uye cathode ine nickel yakawanda, rudzi urwu rwebheteri rwakanga ruchishandiswa zvishoma mumotokari yemotokari, kunyanya neToyota, iyo yakagara ichishandisa iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa yemagetsi emagetsi, iyo Prius. Mabhatiri ane simba rakanyanya density uye kuchaja uye kubuda nekukurumidza, akareruka uye ane yakaderera nharaunda kukanganisa, asi anorasikirwa nekushanda nekukurumidza;
• Lithium Iron Phosphate Mabhatiri: akasiyana e lithium-ion mabhatiri ane akasiyana cathode zvinhu. Vane mabhenefiti akati wandei: haadi kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvisingawanzo uye zvinodhura senge cobalt, zvakachengeteka, zvinopesana nekupisa kwakanyanya, uye kusimba. Izvo zvisinganyanyi kushandiswa zvakanyanya nekuti zvine simba shoma density, kunyangwe musika wavo wave kukura munguva pfupi yapfuura, kunyanya muChina.

bhatiri rinovimbisa

Ipapo kune mamwe mabhatiri ane tekinoroji inotaridzika kuvimbisa uye inogona kuwanikwa kune vanogadzira mota munguva pfupi. Pakati pavo pane avo ve lithium-simbi, ine lithiamu zvakare mune anode, iyo inowedzera simba rayo density; kana mabhatiri lithium-sarufa, yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakadzokororwa uye naizvozvo inogadzikana uye ine mari; pakupedzisira avo vanazvo sodium ions, kunyangwe idzi hadzidhure nekuti dzakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakajairika, senge sodium, uye izvo zvinogona kuvimbisa nguva yakareba uye kuramba kutonhora kwakadzika.

Nguva uye kuderera kwekuita kwemabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi pasina mubvunzo zvinhu zvakakosha zvekufunga nezvazvo paunenge uchiongorora kutengwa kwemotokari idzi.

Bhatiri remotokari yemagetsi rinogara kwenguva yakareba sei?

Upenyu hwemabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi inobatanidzwa nekushanda kwavo, iyo inoderera nekufamba kwenguva nekuda kwekuchaja uye kuburitsa mabhatiri, kunyanya kukurumidza kana kukwirira-simba. Asi mubhatiri remotokari yemagetsi, simba rinoshandiswa harimbofi rakanyanya kuwanikwa; nguva dzose inoenzaniswa kune kukosha kwakaderera. Izvi zvinoumba musiyano, kubva 5% kusvika 12-15%, pakati yakayerwa kugona uye kugona kunoshanda. kupera kwebhatiri Inobata kupfekedzwa kweanode uye cathode, iyo inoderedzawo simba ravo rekuchengetedza nekufamba kwenguva. Nekudaro, uku kuderera kwesimba hakukanganisi kuita, senge simba, rinoramba riripo nekufamba kwenguva.

Vagadziri vanofungidzira mwero wepakati bhatiri rinogona kufamba nechaji yakazara, zvichivapa nhamba inotaridza yehuwandu hwekuchajisa uye kubuda kwemotokari. Kupfuura iyi nhamba inofungidzirwa, kuita kunotanga kuderera zvakanyanya uye muganho unowanzo kuiswa pakati 70% uye 80%. kutanga kushanda nesimba.

Saka, kazhinji, vagadziri vanovimbisa bhatiri yemotokari yemagetsi a Hupenyu hwese hwemakore masere kana makiromita 8, vamwe vanosvika 240.000 XNUMX. Bhatiri risingachakodzeri kushandiswa mumotokari rinogona kuramba richishandiswa sebhatiri rekuchengetedza bhatiri remagetsi asingachinjiki uye masisitimu akafanana.

Chivimbiso chakasiyana chebhatiri remotokari yemagetsi

Nezvekuvimbiswa kwebhatiri yemotokari yemagetsi, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti izvi zvakasununguka kubva kune generic imwe yemotokari. Kutaura zvazviri, bhatiri chete rinomiririra chikamu chetatu chehuwandu hwemotokari..

Mumwe nemumwe mugadziri anovimbisa kuti mukati menguva yakatarwa kana mileage, i.e., angangoita makore masere kana 8 makiromita, huwandu hwebhatiri hauzodonha pasi pechikumbaridzo che160.000-70% yesimba rinoshanda. Pasi pewaranti, bhatiri remotokari yemagetsi rinogona kugadziriswa kana kuchinjwa zvachose nekuda kwekugadzirwa kana kukanganisa kwekugadzira.

Pane chero mamiriro ezvinhu anoita kuti waranti ipere nguva isati yapera?

Sekureva kweADAC, kirabhu hombe yemotokari muEurope, izvi zvinogona kuva:

1. kubuda kwebhatiri kwakadzika. Vazhinji vagadziri vemotokari vanopa zano pamusoro pekumhanya yakaoma, sezvo isina hutano kune bhatiri, uye inoisanganisira iyo mune waranti yekusabatanidzwa mamiriro;
2. Kubuda kwakadzika nekuda kwekusaita mota. Kunyanya pakutenga motokari dzemagetsi dzakashandiswa, zvinokurudzirwa kutarisa SOH (State Of Health) kukosha kwebheteri;
3. Kuiswa kwezvishandiso kana zvimwe zvinozogadziriswa kune kunyoreswa kwemotokari (semu trailer hitch isina kupihwa pakutanga);
4. Yakapotswa magadzirirwo esoftware. Masero ose anoumba bhatiri pack anofanira kutungamirirwa nemagetsi emagetsi - Battery Management System - iyo inokosha pakuchengetedzwa kwemotokari;
5. urongwa yemagetsi ekugadzirisa mota isina kuitwa nemazvo kana kwete pane yepamutemo network.

Imwe nyaya yemusoro yekufamba kwemagetsi ndeyekurasa uye kudzokororwa kwemabhatiri, umo basa rinoitwa kubva kune mbishi zvinhu zvinoshandiswa.

Dambudziko rekuEurope rekubvisa mabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi

La kurongeka kwebhatiri remotokari yemagetsi zvinofanira kuitwa mukati special specialized zvirimwa zvekurapa kwezvikamu zvayo. Aya mabhatiri e-lithium-ion disassembly uye nzvimbo dzekudzokorora zvakare mune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope, kunyanya Germany, France, Belgium neSpain, uye mutengo wakakwira zvakanyanya.

Uyezve, maererano neBBC, kugadzirwa kwebhatiri kunowedzera neavhareji ye25% gore rega rega, uye mumakore gumi kana gumi neshanu huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoraswa nenjodzi dzikava emergency, kana mapurojekiti ekudzokorodza nekushandisa zvakare akasaitwa. mabhatiri pachawo.

Nhanho yekufambira mberi yakatorwa muna Zvita 2022, apo European Council neEuropean Parliament vakaisa mitemo iyoyo, kuchimirira dare reparamende rokupedzisira, gadzirisa kutenderera kwebhatiri rese, kubva pakugadzira kusvika pakurasa, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza kwako, kusimba uye kunoenderana zviyero zvepamusoro.

Chibvumirano chenguva chinoshanda kune ese marudzi emabhatiri uye, maererano neaya anodyisa nzira dzekufambisa, Vagadziri vanofanirwa kubata nekudzoreredzwa kweinenge 51% yemarara ekugadzira. Izvo zvinosungirwa zvishoma zvishoma zvezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakatogadzirirwa kuti zvipinde musimba rechibvumirano: 16% ye cobalt; 85% lead, 6% lithium uye 6% nickel.

Nekudaro, kurasa chete hakuna kukwana, dambudziko chairo reEurope ndere kushandiswa kwebhatiri remotokari yemagetsi uye mapurojekiti ekudzokorodza.

Zvakanakira kudzokorodza mabhatiri emagetsi

Imwe nzira yekurasa ndeyekudzokororwa kwemabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi, iyo inobvumira gadzirisa zviwanikwa uye kusimudzira nzira inogadzikana. Zvakanakira kudzokorodza lithium mabhatiri, kunyanya, anobvumidza iwe ku:

• kudzivirira kutorwa kutsva uye kugadzirisa (kubvisa tani ye lithium, mamwe matani 1.900 emvura anodiwa);
• kuderedza kudiwa kwezvinhu zvakasvibiswa, izvo zvinokonzera kubudiswa kwe CO2 itsva;
• chengetedza zviwanikwa mumasimbi ekutanga nemafuta ezvicherwa, nekushandisa simba kushoma.

Uyewo, mabhatiri ekushandisa achine angangoita 75% yasara simba, iyo isingachakwani kuti ishandise motokari yemagetsi, asi inogona kushandiswa kune zvimwe zvinangwa. Semuenzaniso, vanogona kuve masisitimu ekuchengetedza ezvirimwa zvephotovoltaic, kana kuumba nzvimbo yekuchengetera maindasitiri, semagetsi.

Mabhatiri anogona kuva nehupenyu hunopfuura humwe

Pfungwa ye bhatiri rehupenyu hwechipiri, "kupa hupenyu hwechipiri" kune bhatiri, inogona kushandiswa kune dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira mapurojekiti matsva: mu JapanSemuenzaniso, mabhatiri emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi, anobatsira zvikuru ekuchengetedza simba muchiitiko chekudzima, sezvinopupurirwa nekubatana pakati pemugadziri wemotokari Nissan nekambani yekugadzira Hitachi.

Europe yakazvipira zvakare kudzokorodza bhatiri nechirongwa cheAcrobat, chine chinangwa chekudzoreredza zvinopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe muzana zvezvinhu zvakakosha (kunyanya lithium, phosphorus, uye graphite) zviri mumabhatiri e-lithium-iron-phosphate kuburikidza nekutora kutsva, nemari irimo uye kuderedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.

Icho zvakare chikamu chechirongwa ichi, uye chinomiririrwa neEnea, National Agency yeNew Technologies, Energy uye Sustainable Economic Development. "Isu paEnea - anotsanangura muongorori Federica Forte, mutungamiriri wepurojekiti ye 'Agency - achaita, kunyanya, nemaitiro ekubvisa uye kudzoreredzwa kwezvinhu zve electrolytic, senge conductive munyu uye organic solvents".