La Mishoni Artemis II Zvave kuchinja kukuru mumakwikwi matsva ekutsvaga mwedzi. Hazvina kungoreva chete kudzoka kwevanofamba muchadenga kutenderera kwemwedzi makore anopfuura makumi mashanu mushure memabasa eApollo, asi zvakabvumirawo kuyedzwa kwetekinoroji nemasisitimu zvichave zvakakosha pamatanho anotevera muchirongwa cheNASA.
Murwendo rwemazuva angangoita gumi, chitundumuseremusere cheOrion, chaifambiswa neroketi reSLS, chakatakura vatyairi vendege vana kuenda kure kupfuura 406.000 makiromita kubva Panyika, vachiisa rekodhi itsva yekubhururuka nendege ine vanhu. Rwendo urwu Yakasiya mifananidzo isingawanzoonekwi yesatellite yedu, kuora kwezuva kwakaonekwa kubva pedyo neMwedzi, uye kunzwa kuti, panguva ino, chinangwa hachisi chekungodzoka chete, asi kugara.
Vashandi vekare uye vakasiyana-siyana vari kuenda kumwedzi unotenderera
Artemis II akanyorwa munhoroondo nekuda kwe vashandi vakasiyana-siyana uye vekufananidziraAitungamira aive Reid Wiseman, mutyairi wendege wekare muboka. Pamwe chete naye, Jeremy Hansen wekuCanada akava wekutanga asiri wekuAmerica kupinda mundege yekuenda kuMwedzi nevashandi, zvichiratidza hunhu hwepasi rose hwechirongwa ichi.
Mutyairi wendege, Victor Glover, akanyora nhoroondo semutyairi wendege yemuchadenga wekutanga African-American astronaut mukubhururuka kuenda kumwedzi, ukuwo Christina Koch akazvisimbisa semukadzi wekutanga kuva chikamu chebasa rakadaro. Iri bhuku rinoratidza musiyano mukuru nemamishinari eApollo, umo varume vachena vekuAmerica chete ndivo vakapinda.
Kuvapo kwaHansen kunoratidza basa re Canadian Space Agency nekushandira pamwe kwenyika dzeseZvichakadaro, kutora chikamu kwaGlover naKoch kunoratidza kuzvipira kweNASA kubatanidza ma profiles akawanda kubva munharaunda yanhasi muzviitiko zvikuru zvesainzi.
Kupfuura data rehuwandu, ruzivo rwevashandi vechikepe rwakaita kuti vanhu vakawanda vafarire. Koch, uyo akapedza mazuva anopfuura mazana matatu ari mudenga kubva pakugara kwake paInternational Space Station, naGlover, avo vakagadzirira kugovana pfungwa dzevanhu nedzemweya parwendo urwu, vakapa ongororo yepedyo yekuti zvinorevei kugara nekushanda kure nekumba.
Basa reEurope uye mupiro weSpain neAndalusia
Chimwe chezvinhu zvisingaonekwe neveruzhinji, asi chakakosha pakubudirira kwaArtemis II, kwave kuri kutora chikamu kukuru kweEurope. Module yebasa reOrion, yakagadzirwa pasi pehutungamiriri hweEuropean Space Agency (ESA)Yave iriyo musimboti wehunyanzvi hwechikepe: yakapa simba rekufambisa, magetsi, mhepo nemvura kuvashandi panguva yese yebasa ravo.
Chirongwa ichi chaisanganisira makambani nenzvimbo dzekutsvagisa kubva kunyika dzinoverengeka dzemuEurope, dzine kuvapo kwakasimba kubva muchikamu chendege cheSpain. Semuenzaniso, muAndalusia, zvinofungidzirwa kuti Makambani anosvika zana nemakumi mana nemasere kubva munharaunda iyi akabatana nenzira imwe kana imwe muchirongwa ichi, kungave kuburikidza nezvikamu, masisitimu emagetsi, software kana masevhisi einjiniya.
Chikoro cheUinjiniya muSeville chave chiyero mune izvi. Chaive Nzvimbo yekuSpain chete ndiyo yakasarudzwa neNASA Andalusia yakasarudzwa kubva pakati penzvimbo dzinoverengeka pasi rose kuti itore chikamu mukutarisa kwehunyanzvi kwechitundumuseremusere cheOrion panguva yekubhururuka kwacho. Kusarudzwa uku kunoratidza hunyanzvi hwakawanikwa neAndalusian aerospace ecosystem.
Makambani akasimbwa akadai seAter Technology nedzimwe dziri muchikamu ichi dzakabatsira mukuona kuti module yeEuropean service module inoshanda mukati mehurongwa hwaive hwakarongwa. Iyi "injini isingaonekwe" yakaita kuti capsule ive nesimba rakakwana, kudzora kupisa, uye zviwanikwa zvakakosha kuti vatyairi vendege vapedze rwendo rwavo rwakachengeteka vachitenderera Mwedzi.
Zvichakadaro, masangano ekuparidzira vanhu akadai se Nyanzvi dzenyeredzi muSeville dzakaperekedza basa iri Kubva pasi, zvichiunza zvikamu zvakasiyana zverwendo pedyo neveruzhinji. Vabatsiri vayo vakabatana nezviuru zvevanhu pasi rose vakanyatsotevera nzira imwe neimwe, zvichiratidza kufarira kuri kukura kweveruzhinji mukuongorora muchadenga.
Kutaurirana neLaser: kuenderera mberi munzira yatinotaura nayo muchadenga
Kana paine chinhu chimwe chete chakasiyanisa Artemis II kubva kumabasa ekare, chave chiri kuyedzwa kwesystem yekutaurirana kwemaziso yakabatanidzwa zvizere mundege. NASA yakabatanidza muOrion terminal inokwanisa kutumira nekugamuchira data ichishandisa mwenje we infrared, pachinzvimbo chekuvimba chete nemafungu eredhiyo echinyakare.
Munguva yemazuva ekubhururuka, chero bedzi chitundumuseremusere chakaramba chichiona zvakananga zviteshi zvepasi zvakatsaurirwa, sisitimu iyi yaikwanisa Tumira uye gamuchira kusvika kumagigabytes mazana mana nemakumi masere nemana eruzivo, bhuku rakaenzana nemafirimu ane tsananguro yepamusoro angangoita 100. Pabasa rekuratidzira, mhedzisiro yacho inoonekwa seinoshamisa zvikuru.
Musiyano mukuru kubva kune nzira dzekare hausi chete muhuwandu hwedata, asiwo mukumhanya uye kunaka kwekutumira. Kunyange zvazvo malink echinyakare achiwanzo shanda nekumhanya kwema megabits mashoma pasekondi, Artemis II optical link... Yakasvika kumhanya kusvika ku260 megabits pasekondi, zvichipfuura zvimwe zvezvinangwa zvakatangwa nesangano reUS.
Nekuda kwekuita uku, zvakakwanisika kuitumira kuPasi mifananidzo ine resolution yepamusoro, mavhidhiyo ekufamba kwendege, uye data resainzi munguva chaiyo, pamwe nekuchengetedza kutaurirana kwezwi kwemhando isingawanzoonekwa pamabasa erudzi urwu. Kune vanhu vakaita saKelsey Young, mutungamiriri wesainzi yemwedzi webasa iri, kuva neruzivo rwakadzama rwekuona panguva dzakasiyana-siyana kunomiririra shanduko huru mukutungamira kwemabasa uye matsanangurirwo anoitwa zviitiko zvinoonekwa.
Kurutivi rwenyika, kutaurirana uku kwaishandiswa pazviteshi zviri muCalifornia neNew Mexico, zvakasarudzwa nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze akanaka. Zvivako izvi zvakakwanisa kushanda kusvika 26 gigabytes yedata munguva isingasviki awa imwe chete, mwero wakaenzana kana kuti wakakwira kupfuura wevanhu vakawanda vanoshandisa internet kumba, izvo zvinoratidza kugona kwehunyanzvi uhu.
Uyezve, kuyedza uku kwakatsigirwa ne chiteshi chemaziso paAustralian National University, muCanberraIzvi zvakaratidza kukosha pakuchengetedza masaini evhidhiyo kwemaawa anopfuura 15,5. Kushandira pamwe uku kwakagonesa kutepfenyura mhenyu senge Live Views inozivikanwa kubva kuOrion, yakatariswa nemamiriyoni evanhu uye yakabatsira kuunza basa iri pedyo neveruzhinji.
Muviri wemunhu uri mu microgravity: chii chinotiudza nezvechiitiko
Kupfuura kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi, Artemis II yadzosa zvakare chinhu chisina kunyanya kupenya, asi chakakosha: kuti nzvimbo inokanganisa sei muviri wemunhuRuzivo rwakawanikwa nevanofamba muchadenga vakaita saChristina Koch runonyanya kukosha pakunzwisisa chiitiko ichi.
Koch, uyo akanga atopedza mazuva anopfuura mazana matatu ari muInternational Space Station, anotsanangura kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu e "microgravity" Nhengo dzemukati dzenzeve dzinomira kushanda sezvadzinoita panyika.Nhengo idzi dzine basa rekuona mafambiro emusoro uye dzinobatsira kuchengetedza kuenzana, dzichitumira zviratidzo kuuropi kuratidza nzvimbo yedu maererano negiravhiti.
Muchadenga, nekunyangarika kwenzvimbo huru yekuyera simba renyika, vestibular system inorasikirwa nenhungamiro yayo yenguva dzose. Uropi, husingachagamuchiri chiratidzo chakavimbika kubva kunhengo idzi, hunowanzoita se koshesa ruzivo rwekuonaSaka, sezvakataurwa naKoch pachake, mushure mekudzokera kuPasi, mabasa anoda kutungamirirwa pasina rutsigiro rwekuona, akadai sekutendeudza musoro nekukurumidza kana kufamba-famba munzvimbo dzine chiedza chisina kujeka, akaoma zvikuru.
Kusawirirana uku kunoguma nezvinonzi "chirwere chekuchinja kwenzvimbo"Anaphysics," zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira kuda kurutsa, dzungu, kuvhiringidzika, uye matambudziko ekubatana kwenhengo dzemuviri. Nhengo dzechikwata cheArtemis II, sevamwe vafambi vemuchadenga vakambobuda kunze kwenharaunda yePasi, hadzina kudzivirirwa pakusangana nemhedzisiro iyi kusvika pamwero mukuru kana mudiki.
Sekureva kwenyanzvi dzeNASA, kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemaitiro aya kuchave kwakakosha sezvo chirongwa cheArtemis chichienderera mberi nekugara kwenguva refu pamusoro pemwedzi. Kugadziriswa uye kudzokororwa kwemuviri wemunhu kunzvimbo dzakasiyana dzesimba regiravhiti kuchakanganisa kuronga mabasa emangwana uye nzira dzekurapa dzepamberi nepashure pekubhururuka.
Artemis II sekudzidzira zvipfeko zvemabasa ari kuuya
Basa rapera zvino uye vashandi vekudzokaNASA yapinda muchikamu chisinganyanyi kuoneka asi chakakosha: iyo ongororo yakakwana yezvese zvakaitika Munguva yekubhururuka kweArtemis II, pasi pese pese pechitundumuseremusere cheOrion neroketi reSLS zviri kuongororwa kuti zvionekwe kuti chii chakashanda sezvaitarisirwa uye kuti ndezvipi zvinhu zvinogona kuvandudzwa pamatanho anotevera echirongwa ichi.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakonzera kunetseka kukuru pamberi pekuburitswa kwacho kwaive maitiro e Chidziviriro chekupisa cheOrion capsule Panguva yekupindazve mumhepo yePasi, nguva iyo mota inofanira kutsungirira kupisa kwakanyanya, ongororo dzekutanga dzinoratidza kuti dziviriro yekupisa yakaitwa mukati mezviyero zvaitarisirwa uye kuti kurasikirwa kwezvinhu kwaive kushoma pane panguva yeArtemis I, ndege yekuedza isina munhu muna 2022, zvichiratidza kuti shanduko dzakaitwa kubvira ipapo dzakaratidza kushanda.
Kumhara kwacho kwakaendawo sezvakanga zvarongwa. Kapisiyumu yakasvikomira mugungwa panguva pfupi Makiromita 4,7 kubva panzvimbo inofungidzirwa kuti ichanyuranekumhanya kwakasiyana zvikuru kana tichienzanisa nekufanotaura. Kururama uku kwakakosha kana zvasvika pakuwana vashandi pamwe nendege nedata rayo zvakachengeteka.
Roketi reSLS, iro rakaratidza kushanda kwakasimba panguva yekukwira. Ongororo yekutanga inoratidza kuti mainjini makuru eRS-25 epakati pechikamu akapa simba rinodiwa kuti isa Orion panzira yaunodanekumhanya kunodarika makiromita 18.000 paawa panguva iyo mainjini iwayo anodzima. Kurongeka uku kunoita kuti pave nekufamba kwakafanana uye kunoderedza kudiwa kwekugadzirisa mafuta kunodhura.
Panyika, zvivakwa zvakafamba zvakanakawo. Chinoburitsa nharembozha nepuratifomu yekuburitsa nharembozha zvakakuvara zvishoma. Mushure mekubatidzwa kweSLS kwakasimba, zvakaderera zvakanyanya pane zvakaitika paArtemis I. Kuvandudzwa kwakaitwa padanho rekutanga kwakaratidza kushanda kwaro, zvichideredza nguva nezvinhu zvinodiwa kugadzirira kutanga kunotevera.
Nyaya huru chete yehunyanzvi yakabuda pachena ine chekuita nechinhu chakajairika: iyo sisitimu yechimbuzi chekapisiNguva pfupi mushure mekusimuka, vashandi vendege vakataura kuti nzira yekuburitsa weti yakanga yakundikana. Nerutsigiro kubva kuchikwata chepasi, Christina Koch akabudirira kuisa mhinduro yekukurumidza, zvichiita kuti nzira yacho irambe ichishanda. Mainjiniya ari kuferefeta zvakanyanya chiitiko ichi kudzivirira kudzoka kwedambudziko iri mumabasa emangwana.
Panguva imwe chete, michina iri kuyedzwa kuti ionekwe pamatanho anotevera echirongwa, akadai se makamuri akasimbiswa ekudzivirira mwaranzi yemuchadengaizvo zvinogona kubatanidzwa mumabasa anotevera Artemis II uye zvichabatsira kuwana mifananidzo yakavimbika munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda.
Europe, China nerudzi rutsva rwekuenda kuMwedzi
Artemis II iri munzvimbo ine zvematongerwo enyika zvakasiyana zvikuru nedzemuHondo Yemashoko. Nhasi, kuongorora muchadenga kwave zvakare nzvimbo yemakwikwi, asi ine vatambi vatsva uye mafambiro matsva. United States yavandudza zvakanyanya zvinangwa zvayo zvemwedzi.Zvichakadaro, China iri kufambira mberi nechirongwa chayo chinosanganisira zvirongwa zvemabasa ane vanhu uye mapurojekiti enzvimbo dziri pamusoro peseterati makore gumi asati apera.
Muchiitiko ichi, basa iri harinzwisiswi chete sebudiriro yesainzi kana tekinoroji, asiwo sebasa re chirevo chechinangwa maererano nehutungamiriri hwepasi roseMashoko akadzokororwa paNASA ekuti panguva ino vanoda kudzokera kuMwedzi "kuti vagare" anoreva zvakananga pfungwa yekuramba varipo, nezvivakwa zvekushanda munzvimbo dzakakosha dzakadai seLunar South Pole, uko kuvepo kwechando kunoita kuti dunhu iri rive nzvimbo yakakosha.
Europe, kuburikidza neESA nekubatanidzwa kwayo muzvinhu zvakaita seOrion service module, inotsvaga kuzvibatanidza se mubatsiri akakosha mumabasa makuru epasi roseKune nyika dzakadai seSpain, dzine indasitiri yendege iri kukura, kushandira pamwe uku kunovhura mukana wezvibvumirano, mapurojekiti ekutsvagisa uye kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji inogona kuzoshandiswa nevanhuwo zvavo pasi pano.
Zvichakadaro, vemabhizimisi akazvimirira vari kutora basa guru. Makambani anobva kunyika dzakasiyana ari kutora chikamu mukugadzira maroketi, makapisi, masisitimu ekutaurirana, uye michina yepamusoro, zvichigadzira rudzi rwe "lunar ecosystem" uko zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosangana. zvido zvesainzi, zvekutengeserana uye zvehurongwaKuenzana pakati pezvirongwa zvehurumende nezvevanhu vega kuchasarudza zvakanyanya kumhanya kuri kuita danho idzva iri rekutsvaga.
Kubva pamaonero eEurope, mamiriro ezvinhu aya anounza dambudziko re kusaramba uri padivi petsananguro yemitemo nemiyero yekushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvemwedzi uye manejimendi yenzvimbo iri pedyo nechadenga. Kubatanidzwa muArtemis nemamwe mapurojekiti emativi akawanda kunopa nzira yekuramba uri chikamu chehurukuro uye kutsigira chiono chakasiyana chekuti kuvapo kwevanhu kunze kwePasi kunofanira kurongwa sei.
Nekutarisa mabasa emangwana, nhaka yaArtemis II ine zvikamu zviviri. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvakaratidza kuti zvitundumuseremusere zvitsva, maroketi, uye masisitimu ekutaurirana zvinoshanda munzvimbo chaiyo uye inoda kushanda nesimba. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvakashanda kusimbisa kushandira pamwe pakati pemasangano, mayunivhesiti, nemakambani ari kumativi ese eAtlantic, zvichiunza nguva itsva umo Mwedzi hausisiri nzvimbo yekufananidzira chete uye unotanga kuonekwa senzvimbo yekushanda yepakati nepakati uye kwenguva refu..
Zvose, zvakaitika kuna Artemis II zvinoratidza kuti kuongorora mwedzi hakuchaonekwi senhevedzano yezviitiko zvinoshamisa chete, asi senzira inoenderera mberi inosanganisa kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi, kunzwisisa muviri wemunhu, kutora chikamu kwenyika dzakawanda uye, zvakanyanya, kubatanidzwa kwenzvimbo dzakadai seAndalusia neindasitiri yeEurope muchirongwa chinovavarira kuwedzera kuvapo kwevanhu zvachose kupfuura kutenderera kwePasi.
