Portugal nenyika yemabhuku zvarasikirwa nerimwe remanzwi avo akasiyana zvikuru: António Lobo Antunes akafa muLisbon aine makore makumi masere nematatu.zvichisiya nzvimbo isina chinhu yakaoma kuyerwa. Munyori wenyaya, anoremekedzwa semumwe wevanyori vakuru mumutauro wechiPutukezi, akanga arega basa rehupenyu hweveruzhinji nekunyora kwemakore nekuda kwematambudziko ehutano aikanganisa ndangariro dzake.
Kufa kwake, zvakasimbiswa nevatauriri vevanyori vebhuku Dom Quixote naLeyaIzvi zvinoratidza kuguma kwenguva yezita guru rechizvarwa chisingadzokororwi chevanyori vechiPutukezi vakagovana chikuva naJosé Saramago, José Cardoso Pires, Sophia de Mello Breyner, Urbano Tavares Rodrigues, uye, kare, Miguel Torga. Kune vaverengi vazhinji vekuEurope, kunyanya muSpain, nzira chaiyo yekuratidza Portugal, uye, mukuita izvozvo, yekuzvinzwisisa, yakanyangarikawo.
Rufu runosimbisa ngano
Nhau idzi dzavhundutsa tsika dzePortugal nedzepasi rose: Munyori uyu akafa neChina kumba kwake kuLisbon.Munzvimbo ine hurombo iri pagomo rimwe remaguta manomwe, nzvimbo yakajairika yenzvimbo dzakawanda dzemabhuku ake. Mvura yakaramba ichinaya yakabatana nezuva iri muguta guru rePortugal yakatsanangurwa nedzimwe nhepfenyuro senzira yekumusiya.
Vaparidzi, vatsoropodzi, uye vezvenhau muPortugal, Spain, nedzimwe nyika dzemuEurope vakasimbisa kuti Mukuru wekupedzisira wemabhuku echiPutukezi emazuva ano aendaKunyangarika kwake kunoonekwa seimwe ye "maburi matema" anobuda apo munyori ane basa guru anorega kuvapo kunyangwe ari munhu anozivikanwa paruzhinji, chimwe chinhu chaitoitika sezvo kurwara kwaimutadzisa kunyora.
Mumakore achangopfuura, Lobo Antunes aigara akavharirwa mumba make muLisbonKure nekuonekwa semunhu akakurumbira uye zviitiko zvemabhuku, iye pachake akanga ambotaura kakawanda kuti basa rake rakanga rava kuda kupera, kusvika pakunyora chinyorwa chinonzi "Goodbye" umo akataura kuti akanga anyora mabhuku aaida, nenzira yaaida, uye kuti hapana kunyange makore zana ehupenyu aizomuita kuti achinje mutsetse mumwe chete.
Rufu rwake runovhurazve gakava rekare pamusoro pe kusavapo kweMubairo weNobel weMabhuku pane zvaakabudiriraKwemakumi emakore aitaurwa semunhu aifanirwa kusarudzwa, asi Swedish Academy yakangogamuchira munyori mumwe chete wemutauro wechiPutukezi, José Saramago, muna 1998. Lobo Antunes pachake, nehunhu hwake hwekutuka, akagadzirisa nyaya iyi nemashoko akasimba akadai sekuti "Fuck the Nobel" kana kuti "I shit on the Nobel, mibairo haigadzirise mabhuku."
Hudiki hwemaBourgeois, basa rekurapa uye hondo yekoloni
Akazvarirwa mukati MuLisbon muna 1942, mumhuri yemabhurugwa uye yakapfumaLobo Antunes akakurira mumusha wakapfuma munharaunda yevanhu vanoshanda zvishoma nezvishoma, musiyano wemagariro evanhu wakazoratidzwa mumabhuku ake mazhinji. Baba vake, nyanzvi yezvetsinga ine mukurumbira ine hana yemagariro evanhu, vaiva nechisimba uye simba remhirizhonga mumhuri, hukama hwaiwanzo rangarirwa nemunyori sechimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kusiyanisa hunhu hwake.
Zvichienderana netsika dzemhuri, Akadzidza zveMishonga paYunivhesiti yeLisbon uye akadzidza nezvePsychiatryAishanda paMiguel Bombarda Rest Home, chipatara chepfungwa chekare, uko, akati, akawanawo nzvimbo yakakwana yekunyora: aigovana nguva yake nevarwere, nyaya dzekurwadziwa kwevamwe, uye mabhuku ekunyorera azere nemaoko madiki.
Hupenyu hwake hwakachinja zvikuru paakanga ari ndakadzidziswa basa rekuva chiremba wemauto muhondo yekoloni muAngola pakati pa1971 na1973Ikoko aigara pamwe chete nemasoja ane makore ari pakati pe18 ne21 muhondo yainzwa semugumo weumambo hwekare hwePortugal. Kutya, kuneta, kunzwa kwekuputsika kwenyika, uye hutsinye hwehondo hwezuva nezuva zvakazonyorwa mupfungwa dzake uye zvakazova musimboti webasa rake guru.
Kubva panguva iyoyo kunobva, semuenzaniso, tsamba dzakaunganidzwa mu "Tsamba dzinobva kuHondo"Tsamba dzaakatumira kumukadzi wake wekutanga, uyo panguva iyoyo aive nepamuviri, dzakatsanangura zvakajeka uye nemazwi erudo kuora kwetsika dzevarume vechiPutukezi vakatumirwa kuAfrica. Akasanganawo naErnesto Melo Antunes muAngola, mumwe wevakuru vemauto akazotungamira Carnation Revolution, hukama hwakamubatsira kunzwisisa magumo ehudzvanyiriri mune zvematongerwo enyika.
Paakadzokera kuLisbon, Akapedza kudzidza kwake mukurapa kwepfungwa Akashanda semushonga panguva imwe chete achitanga kunyora asingamanikidzwi. Munguva pfupi, mabhuku akatanga kukoshesa mushonga, uye basa rake rekurapa rakazosara mushure mekunge kubudirira kwemabhuku ake ekutanga kwakamubvumira kurarama nekunyora kwake chete.
Basa guru: ndangariro, kukuvara uye Portugal
Kubuda kwaLobo Antunes munyaya dzemabhuku kwaishamisa zvikuru. Muna 1979 akatanga nefirimu rinonzi "Elephant Memory"Nyaya yechiremba wepfungwa wekuLisbon ari mudambudziko rehupenyu, iro vazhinji vairitsanangura sechiratidzo chemunyori pachake. Gore iroro akaburitsawo "Os Cus de Judas" (Pakati penzvimbo isina chinhu), hurukuro inoparadza yakaitwa nemumwe aimbova murwi muAngola iyo yakamusimbisa pakarepo semumwe wevanhu vane simba zvikuru munyaya dzechiPutukezi.
Kubva ipapo, Akavaka boka remabhuku anodarika makumi matatu uye mabhuku anodarika makumi mana kana nhoroondo dzacho dziripo.Akashandurirwa mumitauro yakawanda uye akaburitswa munyika dzakadai seSpain, France, Italy, United Kingdom, Germany, Netherlands, United States, Canada, neBrazil. Mamwe emabhuku ake anozivikanwa zvikuru evaverengi vechiSpanish ndeaya Ruzivo rwegehena, Mutemo wevakatongerwa mhosva, Bhuku Rinotsanangura Nezvekushungurudzika Kwemweya, Kurongeka kwezvinhu, Chinyorwa cheInquisitor, Kubwinya kwePortugal, Ndichaitei kana zvese zvatsva?, Masikati akanaka kune zvinhu zviri pasi apa o Pamusoro peHunhu hweVamwari, pakati pevamwe vazhinji.
Imwe yemabhuku ake anozivikanwa zvikuru, "Alexandrian Fado"Yakatsanangurwa sebhuku rakakosha rekunzwisisa maronda akasiyiwa nemakore gumi nematatu ehondo dzekoloni muMozambique, Guinea-Bissau, neAngola. Pamapeji anoda kusvika mazana manomwe, basa iri rinopindura dambudziko rakaunzwa nababa vake—avo vaingomuona semunyori chete pavakanyora "Balzac"—uye, kuburikidza nevarwi vana vaimbova varwi vanobatanazve muimba yepfambi, rinopa mufananidzo wekusaremekedza vakadzi, zvematongerwo enyika, uye hukama hune hushamwari hwePortugal mushure mekoloni.
Mukufanana, mabhuku akadai se "Splendor of Portugal" kana kuti "The Inquisitors' Manual" Vakaongorora zvakadzama uye zvematongerwo enyika zvehudzvanyiriri hweSalazar, ndangariro dzemhuri dzekare dzekoloni, huori hwevapfumi, uye mhosva yeboka revanhu. Mabhuku avo anoshanda senhoroondo yakakura yehafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechi20 muPortugal, kunyange zvazvo achigara achinyorerwa mumanzwi akaputsika, ndangariro dzinopindirana, uye marongerwo emashoko anonetsa muverengi.
Atova muchikamu chekupedzisira chebasa rake, mazita akadai se "Pamusoro penzizi dzinoyerera" (zvakatorwa kubva muvhesi raCamões) kana "Saizi yenyika" (Hukuru hwenyikaVakadzokera kumamiriro ezvinhu ehudiki hwavo uye kukurangarira zvakadzama nezvekurwara, kurasikirwa, uye kukwegura. MuSpain, imwe yemabhuku avo ekupedzisira akaonekwa mumabhuku ekare yaive "Musuwo Wekupedzisira Usati Wasvika Husiku"Rakaburitswa neRandom House, bhuku rinozviratidza serinonakidza asi chaizvoizvo riri rimwe basa reunyanzvi hwepfungwa.
Maitiro akasiyana uye anoda zvakawanda
Kunze kwenharo, Chakaita kuti Lobo Antunes ave munyori wechitendero chaiva maitiro ake ekunyoraNyaya yake, yakaoma uye ine nhetembo, inoratidzwa nemitsara mirefu, kuchinja kwezwi kusingatarisirwi, nguva dzakapatsanurwa, uye kutarisa zvakanyanya mamiriro epfungwa. Vatsoropodzi vazhinji vakati mapeji ake anofema mhute yakafanana neyeAtlantic, mamiriro ekuzvipa mhosva, kushungurudzika, uye kusagadzikana kunofukidza vatambi.
Munyori pachake akatsanangura kuti Haana kuronga mabhuku akeHaana kugadzira mapurani kana kugadzira mapurani akavanzika. "Mifananidzo inouya kwandiri ndisingazive kuti sei kana kuti kubva kupi," akadzokorora mubvunzurudzo dzakaitwa kumasangano enhau akadai sePortuguese weekly. EspressoKwaari, kufungidzira kwaive "kurangarira kwakaviriswa," nzira yekuronga zvinhu zvekurangarira kusvika zvava mabhuku.
Nekufamba kwenguva, akatanga kutsvaga kunyora kwakanyatsonaka, nemazita mashoma echipikichaMukuedza kusvika pakunyarara, aitenda kuti bhuku rinofanira kusiya mukana wekuti muverengi apedzise nyaya yacho: rine zvinhu zvishoma, asi zvine simba zvakakwana kuti munhu wese anyore bhuku rake mumusoro make. Chikumbiro ichi chakaita kuti vazhinji vamuone semunyori akaoma, asiwo semumwe wevashoma vanokwanisa kuvandudza nyaya yechiPutukezi.
Aigara achinyora nemaoko, nerunyoro rudiki, runenge rudiki, uye akataura kuti Aingova "Wolf Antunes" chaiye paainyoraPanguva yekunyora bhuku, akadaro, pane nguva dzekuzadzikiswa kwakadzama zvekuti ndidzo chete dzinotsigira hunyanzvi hwacho. Hukama hwakadzama uhwu nekunyora hwakamuita kuti atsanangure bhuku rega rega sechisikwa chipenyu, chisikwa chinorwisana nemunyori masikati neusiku.
Topics like kusurukirwa, rufu, rudo, kupenga, hondo yekoloni, mhosva, uye kuzviuraya Misoro iyi yakazara mubasa rake rese. Kwaari, mabhuku aibatsira zvikuru: "Mabhuku anondiponesa kubva papfungwa yekuzviuraya inonditambudza zvikuru," akabvuma kakawanda. Kusawirirana uku pakati perima nerumwe rudzi rweunyoro huri pasi apa ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kufadza vaverengi vake.
Hukama neSpain uye kuzivikanwa kwenyika dzese
Simba raAntónio Lobo Antunes muSpain nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeEurope rinoonekwa zvakanyanya. Zvakawanda zvebasa rake zvakashandurirwa muchiSpanish nechiCatalan.nezvinyorwa zvakanyorwa nevabudisi vakaita saRandom House, Proa kana Edicions 62, pamwe nevashanduri vakashanda pamwe chete naye kushandura prose yake yakasiyana.
Munyori aiwanzoshanyira Barcelona neMadridAkaramba aine hushamwari nevanyori vekuSpain vakaita saJuan Marsé naAnna Maria Moix uye aivimba nemumiriri wemabhuku Carmen Balcells kuti amusimudzire pasi rose. Mubvunzurudzo dzakaitwa panguva yeGuadalajara Book Fair kana pazviitiko muSpain, akataura mashoko akadzokororwa munhoroondo dzerufu mazuva ano: "Pane zvinhu zviviri zvinokosha muhupenyu huno, rudo nehushamwari, zvimwe zvese hazvina maturo."
Basa rake rakaverengwa uye rakadzidzwa mumayunivhesiti ekuEurope uye rakarumbidzwa nevatsoropodzi nevanyori vane mukurumbira. Muna 2007 akagamuchira mubairo weCamões, mubairo unokosha zvikuru mumabhuku emutauro wechiPutukezi, uye wakakudzwawo ne Kurongeka kweUnyanzvi neTsamba dzeFrench RepublicMuna 2018, kuiswa kwake muBibliothèque de la Pléiade kwakaita kuti ave munyori wechipiri wechiPutukezi, mushure maFernando Pessoa, kupinda muunganidzwa uyu une mukurumbira, chiitiko chakakosha chakasimbisa kukosha kwake muzvinyorwa zvemazuva ano.
Kunyangwe zvakadaro, Mubairo weNobel wakaramba uri musipo mukuru. Chikoro cheSwedish Academy chakatsoropodzwa nekuda kwekusanyanya kukoshesa mabhuku echiPutukeziSaramago akapihwa mubairo mumwe chete. Mushure mekufa kwaLobo Antunes, vazhinji vanomuisa muchitendero chevanyori vakuru vakakanganwika pamwe chete nemazita akaita saJorge Amado, Clarice Lispector, naAgustina Bessa-Luís.
Panyaya yemaonero ake, ainyatsoongorora chokwadi chePortugal neEurope. Aigara achidzokorora "nhaka yakasviba" yehudzvanyiriri hweSalazar munharaunda yemazuva ano uye aitsoropodza nyaya dzisiri dzechokwadi dzemusika wekudhinda mabhuku. Aitsigira mabhuku aisangovaraidza chete, asi ainyanya kufadza. Ichanyatsoongorora maronda evanhu pamwe chete., chimwe chinhu chakaita kuti ayemurwe uye arambwe.
Hunhu, makwikwi, uye hupenyu hwepachivande
Zvakaoma kubata nazvo uye nehunhu hwegomo rinoputika, Lobo Antunes aive mhuka yega yekunyoraSemunhu ainyanya kufunga nezvezvinhu, aisanyanya kufunga nezvevanhu kunze kwekunyora kwake. Aiwanzozviti mugari wemuno akaparadzaniswa nevamwe, murume aiona nyika kubva kure uye aifarira kutaura nezvenhetembo pane nyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika dziripo iye zvino.
Pakati pezvikamu zvinonyanya kutaurwa nezvazvo mubasa rake ndeizvi kukwikwidzana kwekufananidzira naJosé SaramagoMumwe munhu mukuru wePortugal mushure mekuchinja kwenyika. MuLisbon, kwaitotaurwa nezvemhando yemabhuku ekare, sekunge vaverengi vaifanira kusarudza chimwe kana chimwe, semakwikwi enhabvu pakati peBenfica neSporting. Iye pachake haana kurega kutsoropodza kwake Saramago, pamhando yerunako uye yezvematongerwo enyika.
Somunhu, Akaroora kaviri uye aiva baba vevanasikana vatatu.Rufu rwemukoma wake Pedro rwakamukanganisa zvikuru, pamwe chete nekuongororwa kwakaitwa kenza kakawanda: akakunda nhatu, kusanganisira mbiri dzekenza yemapapu, uye kunyange ipapo akanonoka kurega kusvuta. Kubva mukurwisa chirwere ichi kwakabuda mapeji esimba risingawanzoonekwi, akadai seaya e Nezvenzizi dzinoenda, kwaakadzokera kunzvimbo dzehudiki dzaakatsanangura senguva yaakanyanya kufara kupfuura dzimwe dzose muhupenyu hwake.
Kunyangwe vaibva mumhuri yaiva nerombo rakanaka panguva yehudzvanyiriri, Akazvitsanangura semunhu aigara achipomerwa mhosva. nekuda kweropafadzo idzodzo. Kusawirirana ikoko pakati pekunyaradzwa kwevanhu uye kuziva zvakadzama kwakapinda muvanhu vake vazhinji, vakavharirwa pakati penhaka yekirasi nehuremu hwenhoroondo yazvino.
Mashoko ake epachena, anowanzo zara nekutuka uye kusetsa kunorwadza, ave kuparadzirwa zvakanyanya mazuva ano. Kunze kwe "Fuck the Nobel Prize" ine mukurumbira, kunewo mafungiro akafanana neaya aakataura mubvunzurudzo nepepanhau reSpain: "Rudo nehushamwari ndizvo chete zvinhu zvakanaka muhupenyu. Zvimwe zvese itsvina." Mashoko asina kunaka, hongu, asi anopfupikisa zvakakwana mararamiro ake panyika.
Nhaka yakasiyirwa vaverengi
Zvese zviri mubiography yaAntónio Lobo Antunes zvaive nekubata kwakawandisa: kusimba kwehupenyu hwake, hunhu hwakasimba hwekunyora kwake, uye ikozvino hukuru hwechinhu chisina chinhu chaanosiya shureNerufu rwake, Portugal inorasikirwa nemumwe wevanhu vayo vakuru vemabhuku, uye Europe inoonekana nezwi raiziva kurondedzera hudzvanyiriri, hondo dzekoloni, uye kusasimba kwevanhu nemusanganiswa weutsinye neunyoro. Kubva mumabhuku ake ekutanga kusvika kumabhuku ake matsva, basa rake rinoramba rakamirira vaverengi vatsva pasherufu, vachida kutarisana nemutauro wakasundirwa kusvika pamiganhu yawo, ndangariro isina kumbozvirega, uye munyori akasarudza, pasinei nezvinetso zvese, kuti mabhuku anofanira kugara ari ronda rakavhurika.