Iyo interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS, wechitatu akasimbiswa mushanyi kubva kunze kweSolar SystemYakabata kutarisisa kwenharaunda yesainzi nekuda kwenzira yayo uye mukana wakasarudzika wekuiona zvakadzama. Ichi chinhu chakasvika padyo padyo neZuva pakupera kwaGumiguru uye Hazvina ngozi. nokuda kwepasi redu.
Yaonekwa neiyo ATLAS chirongwa muChile, 3I/ATLAS inofamba kuenda anenge 60 km/s uye inotevera hyperbolic orbit, chiratidzo chisinga fungidzike chekwakabva extrasolar. Zvinotarisirwa zvakakwirira muEurope neSpain, uko Mahofisi ekuona uye masangano akaronga mishandirapamwe kutevera kufambira mberi kwayo uye kubvisa hukuru hwesainzi hunobatsira.
Chii chinonzi 3I/ATLAS uye yakatumidzwa sei
Mazita ayo anotsanangura zvinenge zvese: prefix "3I" inoratidza kuti ndiyo chechitatu interstellar chinhu yakawanikwa, mushure me1I/'Oumuamua (2017) uye 2I/Borisov (2019), nepo "ATLAS" ichireva sisitimu. Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Yekupedzisira Alert System mhosva yekuwanikwa kwayo. Iyo hyperbolic trajectory inosimbisa kuti haitenderere Zuva uye iri kupfuura nemunharaunda yedu yepasi.
Zvakawanikwa zvakakosha uye zvakaonekwa
Kometi yakaonekwa pairi Chikunguru 1 neATLAS muRÃo Hurtado (Chile), uye ongororo yezvinyorwa zvakaratidza zvakaonekwa kare kubva kuJune 14. Zviyero zvinotevera neHubble Space Telescope inoisa dhayamita yepakati pakati. anenge 440 metres uye 5,6 makiromita, nepo kucherechedzwa kwekoma nemuswe wayo kunosimbisa chimiro chayo.
Pamusoro pekuita kwayo kwakajairika, zviratidzo zvesainzi zvinonakidza zvakataurwa: kubva pakuonekwa kwe maatomu e nickel ari mumhute chikamu pachinhambwe chikuru kubva kuZuva, kusvika pakusaina kwe hydroxyl (OH) mu ultravioletUhwu humbowo hwekuora kwemvura, hunoonekwa nemidziyo yemuchadenga. Aya mazano anobatsira kuenzanisa makemikari ayo neayo e "nzvimbo" comets uye neongororo dzakadai se James webb.
Mukufamba kwavo, 3I/ATLAS yakapfuura pedyo neMars mukutanga kwaGumiguru (inenge 0,19 AU)Chiitiko ichi chakurudzira zvikwata zveNASA neESA kuronga zvirongwa zvekucherechedza zvakarongwa. Zvirongwa zvepasi rose — zvinosanganisira International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN) — zvakarongwawo kuvandudza maprotocol ekuronda zvinhu zvinoyambuka solar system.
Trajectory, misi uye kuoneka kubva kuSpain neEurope
Maererano nemakarenda ekucherechedza, perihelion yakaitika 29 yeOctober mukati mekutenderera kweMars. Izvo hazvizoonekwe neziso rakashama: kupenya kwayo kunofungidzirwa kuve kwakatenderedza magnitude +11, saka Teresikopu ichadiwaDenga rakasviba uye ruzivo zvinodiwa kuti uedze kuzvibata mambakwedza. Bvunza nguva yekuiona nepaichapfuura nepaichapfuura.
Iyo yakanakisa nguva yekuonekwazve mushure mekupfuura kuseri kweZuva inotarisirwa kutanga munaNovember, maererano ne nongedzo yakazara, apo chinhu Ongorora mapoka enyeredzi eVirgo naLeoKuswedera kwayo pedyo neNyika kuchaitika December 19 we2025, pachinhambwe chemakiromita anenge mamiriyoni 270, akachengeteka zvachose.
Iwo emhemberero anosanganisira kumwe kusangana kuri kure: kutanga kwaMbudzi ichakwesha pamusoro penharaunda yeVenus (pakurongeka kwemakumi emamiriyoni emakiromita) uye, kutanga kwa2026, ichapfuura padyo neJupiter munaKurume isati yatanga kusimuka kwayo kwekupedzisira kubva kune solar system yakananga kudunhu re Gemini, zvichida muna January wose.
Kutyisidzira kana kuti chitundumuseremusere mutorwa? Vesainzi vanoti chii?
Sezvinowanzoitika kune zviitiko zvinoshamisa, zvakatenderera fungidziro pamusoro pezvinobvira tekinoroji kwakabva interstellar mushanyiinotsigirwa netsanangudzo dzisiri dzevezera dzakaongororwa hunhu hwakadai se "anti-muswe" kana mamwe mareshiyo emakemikari. Vazhinji venharaunda, zvisinei, vanosimbisa kuti Iyo data iripo inowirirana necomet interstellar inobata mukati mezvinotarisirwa.
Zvikwata zvesainzi zvinoramba zvakatarisa pazviyero zvinogoneka-kuumbwa, kupenya, chiyero chekurasikirwa kwevanhu vakawandamuswe geometry-uye mukuenzanisa mhedzisiro yakazvimirira. Kubvumirana kwechinguvana kwakajeka: hapana zvakaonekwa conclusive anomalies zvinotimanikidza kuti tipe tsananguro dzisiri dzemusikirwo.
Maitiro ekutevera kufambira mberi kwavo munguva chaiyo
Kune vanofarira uye vanoda kuziva, kune zviwanikwa zvinobatsira. Mawebhusaiti akadai Denga Rarama Vanopa ephemerides uye chaiyo-nguva kurongeka; vamwe, vakadai 3IatlasliveIvo vanofungidzira trajectory vachishandisa data kubva kumasangano emuchadenga. Izvo zvakare zvinogoneka kuongorora nzira yayo nemidziyo yakadai se Meso paSolar System kubva kuNASA.
Mukufanana, the IAWN and the ESA Vakasimudzira mishandirapamwe yekutarisa iyo inoshanda sehunyanzvi hwekuita kune network yekuona mapuraneti. Kubva kuSpain, nzvimbo dzekuongorora dzehunyanzvi-kusanganisira idzo dziri muCanary Islands, netsika yavo mukuona nekutarisa-uye nharaunda ye nyanzvi dzenyeredzi dzemuchadenga Vanowedzera teresikopu nguva yekunatsa ephemerides uye photometry.
Nei zvichikosha kusayenzi
3I/ATLAS inoita se“nguva capsule"iyo inochengetedza zvinhu kubva kune imwe nyeredzi system. Kudzidza kwayo kunobvumira kuenzanisa chemistry uye fizikisi neiyo yemacomets munharaunda yedu, kuyedza magadzirirwo emapuraneti uye kusimbisa maturusi ekutanga ekunyevera ezvinhu zvinoyambuka denga redu.
Iko kusanganiswa kwezviyero zve spectroscopic - kubva pamatehwe emvura muchimiro cheOH kusvika volatile compounds iyo inogadziriswa kure neZuva-, pamwe chete neanozivikanwa kinematics, inopa dhatabhesi yakakosha. Imwe neimwe yekuwedzera yekutarisa ichabatsira kuisa zvirinani 3I/ATLAS mune inokura kabhuku ye vafambi venyeredzi.
Nemwedzi yokutevera ichiri kudikanwa, nyanzvi dzinobvumirana nazvo hapana ngozi kuNyika Uye kometi inopa mukana wakanaka kwazvo wekudzidza: akajeka mazuva ekucherechedza, kureba kwakasununguka, uye chemistry iyo, nezviyero zvitsva, inosimbisa kana kunatsa izvo zvatinoziva nezveava vashanyi vanokurumidza kune yedu solar system.