Kusvika kwa interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS yakashandura hurongwa hwekuongorora nyeredzi: mumavhiki mashoma, mifananidzo, spectra uye ongororo zvaungana zvinopenda mufananidzo wechinhu chisingawanike sezvachiri kuburitsa. Kure neruzha, iyo iripo data inotsanangura a natural and active comet, nezviitiko zvisina kujairika neSolar System zviyero.
Kupfuura fungidziro, yakarongeka pasi uye nzvimbo-yakavakirwa mishandirapamwe inonongedza kune mashoma echokwadi chokwadi: basa rekureba yeZuva, kucherechedzwa kwezvinhu zvinopatsanura mvura, uye chimiro chisina kujairika chakareba chakaenderana nenyeredzi yedu. Zvichipesana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, nharaunda yesainzi iri kugadzirira kutarisisa kwakanyanya muhwindo rayo rinotevera rekuonekwa, iro inoedza kuongorora nyeredzi.
Zvatinoziva nezve 3I/ATLAS
Yakawanikwa neATLAS ongororo system muChile pa 1 yeJuly, 3I/ATLAS yakabva yarongedzerwa sechinhu chiri pakati penyeredzi nekuda kweiyo hyperbolic orbit uye kumhanya kwakanyanya, kutenderera. 210.000 km / h. Ekutanga fungidziro neHubble inoisa nucleus munhanganyaya ye 0,6 kusvika 5,6 km, saizi inopindirana zvizere nemacomets anozivikanwa uye anowirirana ne core size.
Nzira yaro inomhanya padyo nendege yemapuraneti, kwaichapfuura ine kakurerekera kudiki maererano ne ecliptic, iyo yakafambisa zvakanakisa kuvharika kwekutarisa kubva kune ese ari maviri hemispheres. Nekudaro, iyo geometry inoreva kuti chinhu chinenge chiri padhuze nekupenya kwezuva kwemavhiki akati wandei, kuchimisa kuona kwechinguva.
Panyaya yekuchengeteka, ma anniversaries akajeka: chinhu chichachengetedza a diki chinhambwe che ~ 1,8 AU maererano nePasi, pasina njodzi. Yakasvika pakupera kwaGumiguru uye, maererano nea nongedzo yakazara, ichaitwa kuti iwanikwe zvakare kubva pakati- kana kupera kwa november, ine kupenya kusina kusimba asi zvakakwana nokuda kweteresikopu yeadzidzi.
Nekutenderera kwacho kwakatemwa, zvikwata zviri muEurope neUnited States zvakaronga hurongwa hwekuyera kushanduka kwayo kwemafotometric uye kuumbwa kwayo painozoonekwa zvakare, nechinangwa chekufumura chemistry yekoma yako uye ukuru hwezvikamu zvainodzinga.
Iyo jeti yakananga kuZuva: isina kumboitika anti-muswe
Mufananidzo weiyo Hubble Chikunguru 21 isa patafura morphology inokatyamadza: kupenya kwakatambanudzwa munzira yezuva, ine chikamu chechiyero chiri padyo 10:1 kana ichionekwa kubva parutivi. Chimiro chinopindirana nejetometry yejeti kana antitail yakananga kuZuva.
Mazuva mashoma gare gare, the Mamita maviri Twin Telescope (TTT) yeTeide Observatory, ichibatanidza 159 50-s exposures yakawanikwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 2, zvakare yakarekodha filament isina kusimba munzira imwe chete, ichitambanukira pamusoro. 6.000? km kubva pakati zvakaratidzwa kudenga. Kudzokororwa kwepateni muzviridzwa zvakasiyana kunosimbisa chokwadi chechimiro.
Chinhu chakadai chingatsanangurwa sei mucomet? Sarudzo inonzwisisika ndeyekuti 3I/ATLAS iri kubuda zviyo zvakati kurei uye kuderera kutaridzika, kusinganyanyi kunetseka kudzvinyirirwa kwemwaranzi yezuva, kuitira kuti inertia yavo uye kunyorova kwekutanga kumhanyisa kunogona kuchengetedza nzira yakananga kuZuva kweimwe nguva.
Imwe mukana, kwete chete, ndeye anisotropic sublimation: Nzvimbo dzepakati neakasarudzika insolation dzinogona kuburitsa zvinhu nenzira yakananga. Iko kusanganiswa kweiyo particle dynamics, yekutarisa geometry, uye mhepo yezuva inogona kuburitsa inopikisa masisitimu, kusanganisira inooneka antitail pamatanho chaiwo.
Mvura yakaonekwa kure neZuva
Mukufanana, iyo Observatory Neil Gehrels Swift yakaonekwa mu ultraviolet siginecha yeOH radical, chigadzirwa chephotodissociation yemvura, apo comet yaive pedyo. 2,9 AUKuona OH pachinhambwe ichocho kunoreva kuti aizi yemvura yakanga yatoburitswa nehunyanzvi hunoshamisa.
Mienzaniso yevanyori inoisa chiyero chekugadzirwa kwemvura kumativi ose 40 kg/s Panguva iyoyo, kukosha kwepamusoro kwechinhambwe ichocho. Maitiro aya anoenderana nekuvapo kwezvimedu zvechando uye guruva rakatsetseka rinogadzira gore rakatenderedza nucleus iro rinowedzera inoshanda sublimation pamusoro.
Zviyero zvekutanga zvinopindirana zvinonongedzawo kune a chikamu chinokosha che CO2 mu coma, musanganiswa uyo, uchienzaniswa ne 'Oumuamua (kuoma) uye 2I/Borisov (akapfuma muCO), inosimbisa kusiyana kwemakemikari ezvinhu zvakabviswa kubva kune mamwe mapuraneti.
Kupfuura musoro wepamusoro, kuonekwa kwemvura mune interstellar comet mukana wegoridhe: inobvumira calibrate process yebasa rine yardstick yakafanana iyo macomet ari muSolar System anodzidzwa uye, nekufamba, enzanisa kuti ice uye organic zvinhu zvinounganidzwa sei mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyeredzi.
Kubva kuMars uye chii chinotevera
Munguva yekusvika kwayo kuMars kutanga kwaGumiguru, ESA yakakwanisa kutora comet ne Trace Gas Orbiter (CaSSIS kamera). Maumbirwo acho anoratidza halo yakapararira inoenderana ne kukura pakomaMars Express yakaedzawo kutarisa, uye kubva pamusoro, Perseverance yakanyora kuderera mumhepo yeMartian.
Nechinhu chave kubuda mukupenya kwezuva, zvikwata zvinofungidzira kudzoka kwacho mudenga mambakwedza mukupera kwaMbudzi mukupera kwaMbudzi, kwakadzikira kumabvazuva, nehupamhi hunofungidzirwa kutenderedza. 12-13 (kusiyana zvichienderana nemhindumupindu chaiyo). Ichava chinangwa cheteresikopu yepakati uye yakakura, kunyanya ye spectra uye polarimetry.
Kune ruzhinji rwevanhu hapazove nechitarisiko pakutanga kuona: 3I/ATLAS icharamba iripo too dim zvebinoculars. Zvakadaro, ichapa hupfumi hwe data yekunatsa mamodheru enguva refu chiitiko uye fizikisi ye cometary jets pasi pemamiriro asina kujairika.
Kusimbirira kwakakosha kubva kune dynamicists: iyo orbit inotsanangurwa zvakanaka uye comet ichagara kure kwazvo neNyikaMwedzi iri kuuya ichatarisa pane-high-speed photometry, kutsvaga misiyano mujet morphology, uye kuyera kushanduka kwemazinga ekugadzirwa kwemagetsi.
Zvakaonekwa mumavhiki achangopfuura zvinopa mufananidzo unowirirana: 3I/ATLAS inonzi interstellar comet Nekuita kwekutanga, mvura yakaonekwa kure neZuva, uye chimiro chekutungamira chakananga kunyeredzi chinopikisa pfungwa dzedu nezvejeti neguruva. Nekuonekwazve kwayo, zvimwe zvimedu zvichawedzerwa kune iyi puzzle pasina kudiwa kweiyo dzidziso dzakasarudzika.
